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Abstract IEEE 802.15.6 is the first international Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) standard that supports communications in the vicinity of or inside a human body to serve a variety of medical and nonmedical applications. The standard defines a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer that supports several Physical (PHY) layers. In this paper, the key features of the IEEE 802.15.6 standard are presented. The MAC, PHY, and security specifications of the standard are explained in detail. Different communication modes and access mechanisms are presented. The Narrowband (NB), Ultra-wideband (UWB), and Human Body Communications (HBC) specifications are reviewed in terms of frame structure, modulation, and other important parameters. Finally, the security paradigm and services of the standard are highlighted.
Human body communication (HBC) was first proposed by Zimmerman [1–3] as a novel communication technology to exchange data between electronic devices in body area networks (BAN). Its application is not limited to data transmission but extended to power transmission [4], in which electronic devices receive power required for operation simultaneously with data. Unlike wired and wireless methods, HBC uses a capacitive-coupling transmission channel, in which both transmitter and receiver are capacitively coupled by an electric field passing through the human body.
Such capacitive coupling is possible because the human body is composed of various tissues having a high dielectric constant. The transmitter and receiver both use an electrode instead of an antenna. The electrode is attached to the human body and forms the modulating electric field at the transmitter or detects the modulated electric field at the receiver.
The third physical layer alternative for WBAN is human body communications (HBC). Actually, it doesn’t involve a wireless link but rather a data connection through the body. Some advantages of HBC are [30]:
• Little signal leakage outside the body—high security. The signal is confined to the surface of the body with little energy radiated to the surroundings. This avoids the possibility of eavesdropping and also of interference from external sources.
• Low signal attenuation—low transmission power. Low path loss through body conduction means reduced transmitter power and lower power consumption of the system as a whole.
• Low carrier frequency. The relatively low frequency—tens of MHz—reduces transmitter and receiver complexity, size and power.
• No antenna required. Coupling to the signal path (the body) is through electrodes.
The HBC PHY uses electric field communication (EFC) technology. The frequency band of operation is centered at 21 MHz and the bandwidth at 3 dB down is 5.25 MHz. Information data rates are 164 kbps (mandatory), 328 kbps, 656 kbps, and 1.3125 Mbps.
originally posted by: interupt42
Looks like this thread has turned into a new age motivational gibberish with a touch of movie trailers and feel good music clips.
Are we still trusting the plan? So what are the decodes good for again?
We have some serious weirdness headed our way.
WEF- Meeting January 15-19 "Rebuilding Trust"
#BREAKING The state of Texas has seized all city property along the riverfront at the border in the Eagle Pass area under governors emergency powers, including federal processing locations and equipment—This is according to multiple sources.
All access to the property is limited to state authority only. Border Patrol will be permitted to enter the property to remove their equipment and supplies—Agents will not have access to the area unless there is a medical emergency.
I am told that the state plans to start arresting all who cross for criminal trespass—This is not under the new illegal entry law #SB4– They have been arresting for criminal trespass for months.
Statement from
@RenaeEze
with
@GovAbbott
office:
More emails found from Hillary