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Lerner-Lam explained what happened once the planes hit the World Trade Center, and how they resulted in relatively small seismographic readings.
"The energy contained in the amount of fuel combusted was the equivalent to the energy released by 240 tons of TNT," said Lerner-Lam. "This energy was absorbed by the buildings and produced the observed fireballs, but did not immediately cause the collapse. During the collapse, most of the energy of the falling debris was absorbed by the towers and the neighboring structures, converting them into rubble and dust or causing other damage– but not causing significant ground shaking."
--snip--
In addition, the seismic waves were short-period surface waves, meaning they traveled within the upper few kilometers of the Earth’s crust. They were caused by the interaction between the ground and the building foundation, which transmits the energy from the impacts and the collapses.
--snip--
The paper by Won-Young Kim, Lynn R. Sykes, J.H. Armitage, J.K. Xie, Klaus H. Jacob, Paul G. Richards, M. West, F. Waldhauser, J. Armbruster, L. Seeber, W.X. Du, and Arthur Lerner-Lam, "Seismic Waves Generated by Aircraft Impacts and Building Collapses at World Trade Center, New York City," appears in Eos, Volume 82, number 47 (20 November 2001), page 565.
Journalists may request a copy of the paper from Harvey Leifert, [email protected], specifying a pdf or fax version. Please include your name, publication, postal address, phone, fax, and email address. There is no embargo.
To speak with any of the researchers listed above, please contact Stacey Gander, Administrative Assistant, at Columbia’s Center for Hazards and Risk Research: (845) 365-8909 or [email protected].
Web site for the Lamont-Doherty Cooperative Seismographic Network:
www.ldeo.columbia.edu...
Lerner-Lam explained what happened once the planes hit the World Trade Center, and how they resulted in relatively small seismographic readings.
"The energy contained in the amount of fuel combusted was the equivalent to the energy released by 240 tons of TNT," said Lerner-Lam. "This energy was absorbed by the buildings and produced the observed fireballs, but did not immediately cause the collapse. During the collapse, most of the energy of the falling debris was absorbed by the towers and the neighboring structures, converting them into rubble and dust or causing other damage– but not causing significant ground shaking."
The newer method, known as cross correlation, permitted the Columbia scientists to establish the relative arrival times of seismic waves with errors reduced to about a hundredth of a second. Previously, seismologists often made errors of a second or more, which can translate into location errors of five or ten miles, and sometimes more.
Fig. 1. The above graph represents a pair of similar events in China filtered from 0.5 to 5 Hz, with y axes normalized to unit amplitude. The two lines representing the wavelengths, one blue and one cyan, are so similar that they seem to blur into one line. (the differences are more easily discernible in the enlarged image). The lower panels are magnified segments of the topmost panel. The predicted P-wave arrives at 143 s, the S-wave arrives at 256 s, and the Lg-wave arrives at 315 s.
Using cross correlation, scientists compared the whole shape of the recorded waves -- not just the arrival times of individual signals -- and identified pairs of the most closely located waves.
Stop moaning about what you can't see and I can.
LaBTop
reply to post by leostokes
That sounds a LOT more reasonable.
So, your (taken from Mrs Wood) lack of debris thesis, I opposed with two links to prof. Dutch his website, and I added another page of him later. I typed : "That will save me a lot of typing".
How come you do not counter his evidence that you exaggerate greatly the LACK of debris?
Please step aside for members who DO understand the subject at hand.
leostokes
reply to post by LaBTop
Stop moaning about what you can't see and I can.
Stop shouting and circle the tow trucks.
You just advertised your total misunderstanding of the whole seismic problem.
I think it's time to stop this fanatic behavior..somehow. It's an immature, childish repetitive waste of forum space, and you wreck my thread with that kind of behavior.
I accurately described their positions, go figure yourself. One partly inside the smoke cloud, one two cars down.
LaBTop
reply to post by leostokes
I think I am gonna use that ATS feature of IGNORE. For the first time in 9 years. You're a real menace and to me, a "Taliban-type" of opponent. You know what the Seals opinion is on them?
I'm not that harsh, I'm gonna simply ignore you.
I hope you then think you won your tiny DEW and dustification debate, that will give us both a lot of breathing space back. Have fun in your space, leave mine alone.
Last question ever : Are you a sister or so of co-taliban poster "amandareckonwith" in that D.Icke thread? No need to answer however...am not really interested anymore. By by.
You're a real menace and to me, a "Taliban-type" of opponent. You know what the Seals opinion is on them?
You're a real menace and to me, a "Taliban-type" of opponent. You know what the Seals opinion is on them?
I'm not that harsh
Mrs Wood's delusional interpretation of that emergency lot
Mrs Wood's delusional interpretation of that emergency lot