It looks like you're using an Ad Blocker.
Please white-list or disable AboveTopSecret.com in your ad-blocking tool.
Thank you.
Some features of ATS will be disabled while you continue to use an ad-blocker.
Originally posted by spitefulgod
Exactly he would have invented it, not an alien and theresult the would not have figured out what it was as they did not have electricity, I only used it as an example of what we would do with technology from an advanced civilisation (hubdreds, thousands, millions of years in advance) the further in front they are the less chance we have of figuring what they have.
The way to create Life...
very simple..
Originally posted by spitefulgod
Example was given you've now moved your question onto the makeup of the universe for that I suggest you consult the latest on string and quantum theory
In 1933 Meisner discovered that some superconductors were even more complex than this. As you cool them down they will start to repel a magnet even if the magnet doesn't move. So there can be no induction of currents, they just start flowing of their own accord. This spooky effect can't be explained by conventional physics so theorists had to resort to quantum mechanics.
During the 1950's the understanding of superconductors slowly got more sophisticated through the work of Landau and Ginzberg and then Bardeen, Cooper and Schriefer. They came up with a theory that explained superconductivity as being due to an interaction between the electrons and the lattice of atoms in the material. This interaction causes the electrons to be weakly attracted to one another. The electrons to form pairs (known as Cooper Pairs). Electrons are known as fermions which means no two electrons can be in the same state (the same position energy and momentum) which is why matter doesn't always collapse down under gravity to form black holes. However there is no such constraint on a pair of electrons, so all the superconducting electrons can fall into the same state. This is very closely related to a Bose-Einstein condensate, which is the same effect but for whole atoms.
In subsequent decades other superconducting metals, alloys and compounds were discovered. In 1941 niobium-nitride was found to superconduct at 16 K. In 1953 vanadium-silicon displayed superconductive properties at 17.5 K. And, in 1962...
Also starting in 1934, at the Clarendon Laboratory at Oxford, two
refugees from Nazi Germany, brothers Heinz and Fritz London, worked out the
phenomenological theory of the electromagnetic behavior of superconductors.
Although still very far from a microscopic theory, these were the first, essential
steps towards conquering the problem.17
The Second World War interrupted research in superconductivity just as the First
World War had done. It was not until about 1950 that real progress began once
again to be made. The phenomenon still resisted any true microscopic understanding,
but some pieces of the puzzle did begin to come together, particularly in the
phenomenological model of Vitaly Ginzburg and Lev Landau.
In 1962, the first commercial superconducting wire, a niobium-titanium alloy, was developed by researchers at Westinghouse.
In the same year, Josephson made the important theoretical prediction that a supercurrent can flow between two pieces of superconductor separated by a thin layer of insulator. This phenomenon, now called the Josephson effect, is exploited by superconducting devices such as SQUIDs. It is used in the most accurate available measurements of the magnetic flux quantum h/e, and thus (coupled with the quantum Hall resistivity) for Planck's constant h. Josephson was awarded the Nobel Prize for this work in 1973.
In 1973 Nb3Ge found to have Tc of 23 K which remained the highest ambient pressure Tc until the discovery of the cuprate high temperature superconductors in 1986 (see below).