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Researchers control brain circuits from a distance using infrared light
Now, scientists at the Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute at Stanford University have developed the first non-invasive technique for controlling targeted brain circuits in behaving animals from a distance. The tool has the potential to solve one of the biggest unmet needs in neuroscience: a way to flexibly test the functions of particular brain cells and circuits deep in the brain during normal behavior — such as mice freely socializing with one another.
The newly published technique builds on the foundation laid down by optogenetics, a technique first developed at Stanford by Wu Tsai Neuro affiliate Karl Deisseroth and collaborators that introduces light-sensitive algal proteins into neurons to let researchers turn them on or off in response to different colors of light.
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For example, Hong and colleagues are also developing nanoscopic beads that can convert focused beams of ultrasound into light, and which can be injected directly into the bloodstream, making it possible to optogenetically target cells anywhere in the brain and to change this targeting at will within a single experiment.
originally posted by: fringeofthefringe
reply to: interupt42
Did the FBI intend to "doctor " Trumps passport?
They are currently developing a strategy to F Trump but it is becoming more difficult to pull of their dirty tricks now that they've been exposed.
How can the same rogue FBI agents who were fabricating Crossfire Hurricane, FISA fraud, Mueller Special council and the Ukraine phone call impeachment serve and execute this unprecedented raid?
We are heading fir a head on collision, brace brace brace!
Eric Trump went on Sean Hannity’s show yesterday to whine about last week’s FBI raid on Mar-a-Lago and he somehow managed to accidentally broadcast the WiFi network and password of the studio where he was taping.
During the interview, the ex-president’s son said he has surveillance footage of the FBI removing 11 boxes of highly classified documents from a padlocked room in Donald Trump‘s basement and that he will “absolutely” release the footage “at the right time,” though he didn’t indicate when that time might be.
Despite saying repeatedly that he has no plans to retire, Pope Francis recently made clear that if he is ever too sick to perform his duties, he would resign his position, while doing it differently from his predecessor, Pope Benedict XVI.
But what happens if Francis, or any pope, falls into a coma and cannot resign? What happens if he becomes mentally incapacitated?
These are nightmare scenarios for the Catholic Church because the Vatican does not have anything like the 25th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which provides a process for replacing a president who is unable to discharge his duties.
In olden days, people in comas did not live very long. They would soon die of dehydration or hunger. Today, people in comas can survive for months and years. If the pope were in a coma for months or years, what would happen?
Likewise, in the old days, if a pope went insane, the cardinals would lock him up in a back room and run the church until he died. They could not get away with that today in an age of mass media.
But in these fractious days in which conservatives and fans of Francis contest each other’s position, any action by the College of Cardinals or the Vatican Curia to deal with emergencies might be considered illegitimate by others and lead to a schism in the church.
Loving Your Country, Loving Yourself | Mark Gerzon | TEDxVail
originally posted by: heffo7
Regarding Trumps passports being taken, there is something bothering me. I'm an Australian so maybe things work differently in the US, but why does he have two current passports? Is he a dual-national - seems unlikely if his passion for the US is real? They seazed 3 passports with 1 being expired.
originally posted by: FlyingFox
This is not normal.
twitter.com...
defcon.org...