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originally posted by: Ghost147
However, they noticed that many males also guarded and attempted to copulate with sterile worker and male pupae.
Third, it was previously observed that young
Hypoponera
males
sometimes do not survive the embrace of other males (
Yamauchi
et al. 2001; Foitzik et al. 2002
). If true, embracing of male pupae
might be a form of male
e
male competition. We found support for
this idea in data from a sex ratio analysis of
H. opacior
nests (
Foitzik
et al. 2010
), which showed a strong variance in the number of
wingless males per nest. While some nests contained many males,
we found a high number of nests with only a single adult male. This
could be the outcome of adult males killing young emerging
competitors and thereby lengthening their reproductive monopoly.
We recorded the survival rate of embraced pupal males and
investigated whether single-male nests occur more often than
expected. Furthermore, we expected the killing of male pupae to
occur predominantly in nests with few adult competitors. In mul-
timale colonies all males would benefit from the removal of new
rivals, but the killer male would bear the costs of this behaviour.
The results of this study suggest that
H. opacior
males increase
the length of mate guarding with the number of rivals in the nest.
Moreover, they guard their partners for less time if there are more
mating opportunities, that is, more pupae available per male
The mate-guarding behaviour of
H. opacior
males can be
regarded as a combination of pre- and postcopulatory mate
guarding, because males start to guard pupae before making genital
contact and often stay attached to them until the latter emerge
from the cocoon. This behaviour is probably adaptive. First, if
a young queen is guarded before she becomes receptive, the
guarding male ensures he is her
fi
rst mating partner. Second, adult
queens are very reluctant to mate after emergence and most
copulations end when young queens fully emerge from the cocoon.
Hence a male that is still with a queen until this point will most
likely remain her only mating partner. On the other hand, it has
been shown that
H. opacior
males can mate several times (
Foitzik
et al. 2002
), which explains why mate-guarding durations are
shorter when there are more mating opportunities available per
male.
The killing of young males that are still enclosed in the cocoon
could thus be a second strategy, besides mate guarding, to deal with
male
e
male competition. Besides the high mortality rate of previ-
ously embraced male pupae, this hypothesis is further supported by
the analysis of the distribution of males within
H. opacior
nests: We
found an unusually high fraction of nests containing just a single
male compared to other ant species with similar nest sizes.
Regarding the chemical
similarity of young individuals, one could argue that the guarding
and embracing of male pupae is also simply due to recognition
errors.
originally posted by: ketsuko
a reply to: NavyDoc
And if you do want to say these ants are engaging in true homosexual behavior (i.e. that's what homosexuality truly is), why on earth would that be a behavior a civilized society wants to encourage and be supportive of because it seems to me that would make homosexuality violent and downright dangerous.
I think we ought to be very careful when drawing comparisons because animal and human behavior. Anthropormorphizing doesn't make things the way we wish they would be.
originally posted by: dukeofjive696969
a reply to: TruthxIsxInxThexMist
Really a mental illness, might want to look in the mirror for that one
originally posted by: BlackboxInquiry
Throwing my hat in the ring here:
Just let people be people and stop asking for the Gov't to get involved in personal matters would be the intelligent thing to do.
originally posted by: TruthxIsxInxThexMist
You see, as I've stated in other threads recently, it is a dis-order and should be treated as such, just like any other 'Mental' illness!
originally posted by: ketsuko
If you are using proper statistical terminology, it is a deviation from the norm since only about 2% of the population is that way. So yes, it is very much a deviancy. If you persist in a assigning the negative connotation to the term in a discussion about the science related to it, a discussion where "deviation" is a very real and useful term ... Maybe you should go inhabit another thread.
originally posted by: ketsuko
Oh, I'm sorry. Please explain how it's not simply how you have sex which is almost always the terms it gets couched in.
You know, what goes on in someone's bedroom is their own business? Two consenting adults ...
originally posted by: ketsuko
And if you do want to say these ants are engaging in true homosexual behavior (i.e. that's what homosexuality truly is), why on earth would that be a behavior a civilized society wants to encourage and be supportive of because it seems to me that would make homosexuality violent and downright dangerous.
originally posted by: ketsuko
I think we ought to be very careful when drawing comparisons because animal and human behavior. Anthropormorphizing doesn't make things the way we wish they would be.
originally posted by: Phage
a reply to: Helious
I don't have to prove it is incorrect, it's common knowledge it's incorrect.
At one time it was "common knowledge" that the Sun moves around the Earth.