The last few days have been busy with work but I finally took a bit of time to attempt to answer some questions I had - what, if any relationship
exists between solar Maunder's or Dalton's and earthquakes and/or volcanic activity. I spent the time on it, and although feel a little silly since
scientists are already looking at these things, thought I would post what I did find - and what I think it means if it isn't evident.
A solar dalton or maunder is believed to relax the geomagnetic field as pressure from the solar winds die down. It appears solar reduction, after a
quiet solar max may have an affect on strike slip faults /convergent boundaries. Variations in the crust will always make this unpredictable but these
were some of the findings.
www.academia.edu...
If earthquakes increase during a solar max why are we seeing so many during a low activity? If current activity falls within the parameters of this
study then it could explain what is going on.
I made a list of strongest quakes from 1610 forward, with correlating sunspots but haven't matched the type of faults yet. It seems it isn't necessary
to post them all since this study has done at least some of that.
But...it would be interesting to know where these types of plates are at. Also, convergent boundaries and volcanoes to together.
I know this is off the topic of earthquakes but I wanted to mention I discovered a study that found a relationship between cooling periods and magma
chambers that are rich in silica being more likely to erupt. Why they would be more likely to erupt when pressure and ionization decrease is in the
study (lots of chemistry and physics to explain why this would be the case). Silica rich volcanoes are already the most destructive. It may also one
day tell us that global cooling has not been due to volcanoes (although they don't help), but maybe the sun, and how it affects magma chambers. Add
to that findings on earthquakes (convergent boundaries/strike slip faults), and it becomes more intriguing (IMO).
www.sciencedirect.com...
In addition to my list of strongest quakes, I wanted to see if our biggest eruptions had happened during a Maunder or Dalton (or even known cool
periods).
Known Maunders and Dalton's.
Solar Maunder - 1645-1715
Solar Dalton - 1790-1830
For this purpose I used many resources on temperatures during the earliest periods to be sure I was on target. None of it can be exact for any given
year but it appears that after a spike in temps around the year 1000 temperatures began to drop and stayed low until about the mid 1800's. Starting
about the year 1600 sunspots began to be observed. Prior to that I had to look at climate.
Second most powerful volcanic eruptions (VEI 7). Didn't go back too far.
180 AD - Hatepe New Zealand. Records of famine during this time period so likely cold spell.
230 AD Taupo - see link to someone who did research on this time period (and that of 180 AD) -showing it was likely a Dalton or Maunder.
www.kolumbus.fi...
969 AD +-20 years = VEI 7 (earth warming up after cold period). Mt Paektu
1258 Rinjani even VEI 7 (medieval warm period ending)
1815 Tambora VEI-7 in Indonesia. (16.8 sunspots estimated)
These are VEI 6 volcanic eruptions and number sunspots (if known)
8 VEI-6 eruptions between 240 AD and 940 AD (added later and don't want to type out).
1280 -Quilotoa Andes
1452 - Kewle Vanatu
1477 -Iceland
1580 - Solomon Islands and Bougainville
1600 - Andes
1650 - kolumbo Santorini 0 sunspots
1660 - Papua new Guinea - 2 spots
1740 Veniaminof BC ......
1783 or 1785 - iceland - 22 or 16 spots depending on year
1809 unknown location - 2 sunspots
1883. krakatau in Indonesia - 55 spots
1902. Santa Maria VEI 6. - 4sunspots.
1912 novarupta in alaska - 4 spots
*1991 piñatubo 146.2 sunspots (this one is theorized about in the article about high silica levels, ionization, and sun activity).
Number of sunspots per year.
ulysses.jpl.nasa.gov...
Source of eruptions.
en.wikipedia.org...
Study on climate change, volcanoes, and sun reversal. Just another connection to look at.
www.unisci.com...
I see a lot of eruptions when the climate was cooler. The year 1000 saw a spike in temperatures yet I am only finding 2 big ones during that time
period (outside of it but close enough). I'm seeing only 4 in current times that have also coincided with a warmer climate. The last thing I want to
see research confirm (my own layman stab at it or otherwise) is that volcanoes get more active when it's cool. This would also mean there are more
earthquakes preceding these, (in volcanic areas). In addition we're seeing an increase in earthquakes all over - but...What type of faults are they
happening on? I don't think the sun can be blamed for it all but I strongly believe it plays a big role. I think in 50 - 100 years we will be pretty
close to being able to predict these things. One positive thing - yellowstone hasn't gone off in these histories of low solar activity, in spite of
high a silica/rhyolite history. It must be because gasses aren't being trapped so pressure can't build to an explosive state. A release of those
gasses would mean a smaller eruption if one even happened from my understanding. I know that after my bit of research on this relationship between
cool climate and earthquakes/volcanoes I am more grateful than ever for our experts and this thread overall. There is a ton to learn about these
things.
PS - I have links to the climate resources I used. I didn't post since this is so long as it is.
edit on 30-9-2013 by Dianec because: A typographical error. On ipad so it happens a lot.