posted on Dec, 18 2009 @ 01:36 PM
The above article summarizes a recent study by Robert B. Smith, research professor and professor emeritus of geophysics at the University of Utah and
coordinating scientist for the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory.
The banana-shaped magma chamber of hot and molten rock a few miles beneath Yellowstone is 20 percent larger than previously believed, so a future
cataclysmic eruption could be even larger than thought.
The study suggests that the Yellowstone hot spot triggered the Columbia River "flood basalts" that buried parts of Oregon, Washington state and
Idaho with lava 17 million years ago.
For any of you who have driven down the Columbia River valley it is quite an shock to see a bleak lava landscape when one is expecting an area of lush
vegetation. The remains of the lava flow are visible everywhere for hundreds of miles.
The article also says the Yellowstone supervolcano shows a plume of hot and molten rock rising at an angle from the northwest at a depth of at least
410 miles, contradicting claims that there is no deep plume, only shallow hot rock moving like slowly boiling soup.
Smith says he would not be surprised if the plume extends down even deeper, perhaps originating from the core-mantle boundary some 1,800 miles deep.
Other researchers suggest it goes down at least 620 miles. The Hawaiian hotspot – which created the Hawaiian Islands – is fed by a plume that
extends downward at least 930 miles.
Smith estimates the Yellowstone plume is mostly hot rock, with 1 percent to 2 percent molten rock in sponge-like voids within the hot rock.
Since 2004, the Yellowstone caldera floor has risen 3 inches per year.
Smith's study reinforces the view that the hot and partly molten rock feeding volcanic and geothermal activity at Yellowstone isn't vertical, but
has three components:
* The 45-mile-wide plume that rises through Earth's upper mantle from at least 410 miles beneath the surface. The plume angles upward to the
east-southeast until it reaches the colder rock of the North American crustal plate, and flattens out like a 300-mile-wide pancake about 50 miles
beneath Yellowstone. The plume includes several wider "blobs" at depths of 355 miles, 310 miles and 265 miles.
"This conduit is not one tube of constant thickness," says Smith. "It varies in width at various depths, and we call those things blobs."
* A little-understood zone, between 50 miles and 10 miles deep, in which blobs of hot and partly molten rock break off of the flattened top of the
plume and slowly rise to feed the magma reservoir directly beneath Yellowstone National Park.
* A magma reservoir 3.7 miles to 10 miles beneath the Yellowstone caldera. The reservoir is mostly sponge-like hot rock with spaces filled with
molten rock.
"It looks like it's up to 8 percent or 15 percent melt," says Smith. "That's a lot."
Researchers previously believed the magma chamber measured roughly 6 to 15 miles from southeast to northwest, and 20 or 25 miles from southwest to
northeast, but new measurements indicate the reservoir extends at least another 13 miles outside the caldera's northeast boundary.
[edit on 18-12-2009 by manotick]