posted on Jul, 31 2008 @ 01:39 PM
Great question..for me they are not mutually exclusive…God is omnipotent, omniscient and omnipresent…all powerful, all knowing and everywhere,
respectively. Below are the classic philosophical arguments for His existence…and I, too believe in other forms of life in this great big
universe…awful waste of space, and all…
Pascal’s Wager is an argument for belief in God based not on an appeal to evidence that God exists but rather based on an appeal to self-interest.
It is in our interests to believe in God, the argument suggests, and it is therefore rational for us to do so. The claim that it is in our interests
to believe in God is supported by a consideration of the possible consequences of belief and unbelief. If we believe in God, the argument runs, then
if he exists then we will receive an infinite reward in heaven while if he does not then we have lost little or nothing. If we do not believe in God,
the argument continues, then if he exists then we will receive an infinite punishment in hell while he does not then we will have gained little or
nothing. Either receiving an infinite reward in heaven or losing little or nothing is clearly preferable to either receiving an infinite punishment in
hell or gaining little or nothing. It is therefore in our interests, and so rational, to believe in God.
The Ontological Argument is an argument that attempts to prove the existence of God through abstract reasoning alone. The argument begins with an
explication of the concept of God. Part of what we mean when we speak of “God” is “perfect being”; that is what the word “God” means. A
God that exists, of course, is better than a God that doesn’t. To speak of God as a perfect being is therefore to imply that he exists. If God’s
perfection is a part of the concept of God, though, and if God’s perfection implies God’s existence, then God’s existence is implied by the
concept of God. When we speak of “God” we cannot but speak of a being that exists. To say that God does not exist is to contradict oneself; it is
literally to speak nonsense.
The Cosmological Argument is the argument from the existence of the world or universe to the existence of a being that brought it into and keeps it in
existence. It comes in two forms, one modal (having to do with possibility and the other temporal (having to do with time). The modal cosmological
argument, the argument from contingency, suggests that because the universe might not have existed (i.e. is contingent), we need some explanation of
why it does. Wherever there are two possibilities, it suggests, something must determine which of those posibilities is realized. As the universe is
contingent, then, there must be some reason for its existence; it must have a cause. In fact, the only kind of being whose existence requires no
explanation is a necessary being, a being that could not have failed to exist. The ultimate cause of everything must therefore be a necessary being,
such as God. The temporal, kalam cosmological argument begins by arguing that the past is finite. The idea that the universe has an infinite past
stretching back in time into infinity is, the argument notes, both philosophically and scientifically problematic; all indications are that there is a
point in time at which the universe began to exist. This beginning must either have been caused or uncaused. It cannot have been uncaused, though, for
the idea of an uncaused event is absurd; nothing comes from nothing. The universe must therefore have been brought into existence by something outside
it. The kalam argument thus confirms one element of Christianity, the doctrine of Creation.
The Teleological Argument is the argument from the order in the world to the existence of a being that created it with a specific purpose in mind. The
universe is a highly complex system. The scale of the universe alone is astounding, and the natural laws that govern it perplex scientists still after
generations of study. It is also, however, a highly ordered system; it serves a purpose. The world provides exactly the right conditions for the
development and sustenance of life, and life is a valuable thing. That this is so is remarkable; there are numerous ways in which the universe might
have been different, and the vast majority of possible universes would not have supported life. To say that the universe is so ordered by chance is
therefore unsatisfactory as an explanation of the appearance of design around us. It is far more plausible, and far more probable, that the universe
is the way it is because it was created by God with life in mind.
The Moral Argument is the argument from the existence or nature of morality to the existence of God. Two forms of moral argument are distinguished:
formal and perfectionist. The formal moral argument takes the form of morality to imply that it has a divine origin: morality consists of an
ultimately authoritative set of commands; where can these commands have come from but a commander that has ultimate authority? The perfectionist moral
argument sets up a problem: how can it be that morality requires perfection of us, then morality cannot require of us more than we can give, but that
we cannot be perfect? The only way to resolve this paradox, the argument suggests, is to posit the existence of God.
The Argument from Religious Experience is the argument that personal religious experiences can prove God’s existence to those that have them. One
can only perceive that which exists, and so God must exist because there are those that have experienced him. While religious experiences themselves
can only constitute direct evidence of God’s existence for those fortunate enough to have them, the fact that there are many people who testify to
having had such experiences constitutes indirect evidence of God’s existence even to those who have not had such experiences themselves.
The Argument from Miracles is the argument that the occurrence of miracles demonstrates both the existence of God and the truth of Christianity. If
the Bible is to be believed, then Jesus’ ministry was accompanied by frequent miraculous signs that his claims and his teachings were endorsed by
God the Father. His resurrection from the dead was, of course, the greatest of these, and is still taken by many today to be a solid foundation for
their faith. Miracles typically involve the suspension of the natural operation of the universe as some supernatural event occurs. That can only
happen, of course, given the existence of some supernatural being.
[edit on 31-7-2008 by OldThinker]