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Is coronavirus a pandemic?
Fox Business
Evie Fordham
Fox BusinessFebruary 25, 2020
The World Health Organization (WHO) has yet to declare the global coronavirus outbreak a pandemic, but such a declaration is not key to fighting the virus on an international scale, global health law expert Nicholas Diamond told FOX Business.
WHO defines a pandemic as "the worldwide spread of a new disease." The virus meets two out of three criteria for a pandemic, Nancy Messonnier, the CDC’s director of the Center for the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, said Tuesday.
originally posted by: GlobalGold
a reply to: Oppenheimer67
Wondering about raptors - they could eat infected mammals, then shed virus in their feces possibly?
originally posted by: Cmajlz
The State's and counties can not quickly hired and train surveillance people to track people possibly exposed Large sums of money don't help much in the short term.
Vaccine Development, Testing, and Regulation
Paul Offit, MD, describes the general process of making a vaccine.
The College of Physicians of Philadelphia
Offit 5: How to Make a Vaccine Offit 6: Vaccine Safety Monitoring Diphtheria Antitoxin Influenza Research
Vaccine development is a long, complex process, often lasting 10-15 years and involving a combination of public and private involvement.
The current system for developing, testing, and regulating vaccines developed during the 20th century as the groups involved standardized their procedures and regulations.
originally posted by: GlobalGold
a reply to: Oppenheimer67
owl feces or pellets as they are called are available to buy. Classrooms use them for students to learn about what raptors eat
from here: www.vox.com...
Public health officials also have to consider how the population at large responds to infections. In particular, they want to avoid spreading panic, and names are a factor in how that plays out.
In light of this, in 2015 the WHO published a set of guidelines for naming illnesses. “This may seem like a trivial issue to some, but disease names really do matter to the people who are directly affected,” said Keiji Fukuda, who was serving as assistant director-general for health security at the WHO at the time, in a statement presenting the guidelines. “We’ve seen certain disease names provoke a backlash against members of particular religious or ethnic communities, create unjustified barriers to travel, commerce and trade, and trigger needless slaughtering of food animals. This can have serious consequences for people’s lives and livelihoods.”
A case in point is the virus known as HIV, and the illness it causes: AIDS. In 1981, the early days of the disease’s spread in the United States, AIDS was sometimes referred to as “gay cancer” since it was diagnosed in a cluster of gay men. Researchers later called the disease GRID for “gay-related immunodeficiency” or AID for “acquired immunodeficiency disease.” The term AIDS first appeared in the New York Times in August 1982.
But the initial name for the disease created a stigma among the gay community and served to isolate an already marginalized group. The name certainly wasn’t the only factor, but it created an environment that hampered people’s willingness to disclose infections and to seek treatment.
The fact that it took weeks for global health officials to settle on what to call an illness that has already infected more than 64,000 people and killed more than 1,300 shows just how fraught the naming process can be.
“We had to find a name that did not refer to a geographical location, an animal, an individual, or a group of people, and which is also pronounceable and related to the disease,” said Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the director-general of the WHO, during a press conference this week.
The virus that causes the disease was also given a new, even clunkier name: SARS-CoV-2. It’s a change from the interim name, 2019-nCoV, and reflects the heritage of the virus, researchers say.
But the initial name for the disease created a stigma among the gay community and served to isolate an already marginalized group. The name certainly wasn’t the only factor, but it created an environment that hampered people’s willingness to disclose infections and to seek treatment.
At the same time, identifying the disease so closely with one group underrated the risks to the rest of the population, as Rutgers University researcher Carol Goldin wrote in the journal Social Science & Medicine in 1994:
One consequence of such identification is that it allows the rest of society to simultaneously assign blame, and through contrast, define their own innocence. The contrast of innocence/guilt poses a serious health threat because it allows individuals to disassociate themselves from risk groups. Persons with AIDS who are not members of risk groups may be described as ‘innocent victims’. These include hemophiliacs, children of HIV-infected mothers, and unsuspecting wives whose husbands are bisexual or promiscuous. If these persons are to be pitied, by implication, members of risk groups who ‘infected’ them must be culpable.
The net result was that the disease continued to spread and the government dragged its feet in mounting a response. Ultimately, the disease killed thousands around the world and remains a health risk to this day.
“I think stigma is really the kind of a key danger that is associated with naming,” said Rebecca Seligman, an associate professor of anthropology and global health at Northwestern University.
Similarly, diseases named after places — the Ebola River; Lyme, Connecticut; the Zika Forest — can unfairly associate a place or people from that region with an illness.
Disease names can also mislead. In 2009, a global outbreak of a strain of influenza came to be called swine flu. It led to the widespread culling of pigs around the world to prevent infection. Notably, the Egyptian government at the time ordered the slaughter of all the pigs in the country.
But there was no evidence that the specific virus behind the outbreak infected pigs or that pigs harbored the virus. The virus got that name because scientists said it resembled influenza viruses that commonly infect swine. Health officials later adopted the much-less-controversial technical name for the virus behind the disease, H1N1, which refers to the types of proteins found on the surface of the virus.
How should you name a disease?
As the struggle to come up with Covid-19 shows, naming requires a lot of thought and careful consideration. And prior to the WHO guidelines, researchers came up with some odd solutions.
In 1993, an outbreak of a new version of the hantavirus — named for the Hantan River in South Korea — emerged in the four corners region of the southwestern US. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases recommended naming the new pathogen the Muerto Canyon virus after the region in the Navajo Nation territory where it was found.
“The Navajo people reacted strongly against any further association with the disease that had led to so much initial prejudice, and tribal elders appealed to officials to reconsider,” pulmonologist Charles J. Van Hook wrote in the journal Emerging Infectious Diseases.
Officials finally decided to call the new virus Sin Nombre, Spanish for “no name.”
That’s certainly one way around the bigger pitfalls of naming a disease, but it doesn’t tell you much about the illness itself.
The WHO guidelines say the name of a new disease should use “generic descriptive terms,” highlighting the kind of pathogen behind it, the symptoms it causes, the people it affects, and its severity. But the guidelines also say that a name should avoid “terms that incite undue fear” such as “fatal” or “epidemic.”
It’s also important to come up with a name early in the process of studying a new illness. “Once disease names are established in common usage through the Internet and social media, they are difficult to change, even if an inappropriate name is being used,” according to the WHO guidelines. “Therefore, it is important that whoever first reports on a newly identified human disease uses an appropriate name that is scientifically sound and socially acceptable.”
So it makes sense that international health officials now want to use a term like Covid-19 for the disease caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 virus.
“You can think about the name of the coronavirus as being the result of a learning curve over time,” Seligman says.
But does a watered-down, jargony name like Covid-19 mean people won’t take the disease seriously?
“There’s so much other information being said about Covid-19, and a lot of it is very scary and inflammatory,” said Seligman. “I think people are going to take it seriously even when it has a name like that, and I think having a name that’s really neutral can actually help temper some of the overreacting that people might be doing.”
The official name of the disease doesn’t mean that it will be the name people use, but it sends a strong signal. And by eliminating potential problems associated with its name, health workers can concentrate on fighting the disease itself.
originally posted by: Sillyolme
a reply to: puzzled2
Not sure what to make of that. Especially since this is a new disease.
From what I can tell it takes years to develop a vaccine.
Vaccine Development, Testing, and Regulation
Paul Offit, MD, describes the general process of making a vaccine.
The College of Physicians of Philadelphia
Offit 5: How to Make a Vaccine Offit 6: Vaccine Safety Monitoring Diphtheria Antitoxin Influenza Research
Vaccine development is a long, complex process, often lasting 10-15 years and involving a combination of public and private involvement.
The current system for developing, testing, and regulating vaccines developed during the 20th century as the groups involved standardized their procedures and regulations.
www.historyofvaccines.org...
originally posted by: JSpader
a reply to: tetra50
Said the same thing. How you ask. I live here.
originally posted by: Sillyolme
a reply to: butcherguy
Why would the power go out?
20:40: 1 new case in Spain. (Source)
20:13: 1 new case in Germany. (Source)
19:30: First case in Algeria. (Source)
18:10: 1 new death in Italy. (Source)
18:02: 2 new cases in France. (Source)
17:55: 4 new cases in the United States. They are former passengers of the Diamond Princess cruise ship. (Source: CDC briefing)
17:54: 1 new case in Kuwait. (Source)
17:25: 39 new cases and 3 new deaths in Italy. (Source)
16:12: 1 new case in Singapore. (Source)
16:05: 6 new cases in Bahrain. All of them had traveled from Iran. (Source)
15:20: 1 new case in Spain. (Source)
15:15: 4 new cases in Hong Kong. (Source)
15:14: 2 new cases in Oman. (Source)
15:13: 1 new case in Spain. First case on mainland Spain. (Source)
14:59: First case in Switzerland. (Source)
14:23: 1 new case in Japan. First in Tokushima Prefecture. She’s a former passenger of the Diamond Princess cruise ship. (Source)
12:50: 9 new cases in Bahrain. All of them had traveled from Iran. (Source)
11:50: First 2 confirmed cases in Austria. (Source)
11:43: First confirmed case in Croatia. (Source)
11:04: 38 new cases in Italy. (Source)
09:44: 34 new cases in Iran. (Source)
09:25: 4 new cases in Iraq. (Source)
09:14: 14 new cases in Italy. (Source 1) (Source 2) (Source 3)
08:53: 1 new death in South Korea. (Source)
08:04: 84 new cases and 1 new death in South Korea. (Source)
08:01: 1 new death in Iran, the other 2 deaths were previously reported. (Source)
07:47: 6 new cases in Bahrain. (Source)
07:36: 3 new cases in Kuwait. (Source)
06:30: 2 new deaths in Iran. (Source)
05:45: 1 new case in Taiwan. (Source)
04:51: 1 new case in Japan. First in Nagano Prefecture. (Source)
04:50: 2 new cases in Thailand. (Source)
02:05: 1 new death in South Korea. (Source)
02:02: 1 new death in Japan. Former passenger of the Diamond Princess cruise ship. (Source)
01:15: 2 new cases in Italy. (Source)
01:05: 60 new cases in South Korea. (Source)
00:51: China’s National Health Commission reports 9 new cases and 3 new deaths across the mainland, excluding Hubei province. (Source)
00:50: 499 new cases and 68 new deaths in Hubei province, China. The numbers provided in the press release do not match with the previous total. As a result, only 304 new cases have been added. (Source)