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The Associated Press reports more than 32 mostly coal-fired power plants will close and another 36 plants could also be forced to shut down as a result of new EPA rules regulating air pollution.
More than 34 gigawatts (GW) of electrical generating capacity are now set to retire because of the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Mercury and Air Toxics Rule (colloquially called Utility MACT)[1] and the Cross State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR)[2] regulations. Most of these retirements will come from coal-fired power plants, shuttering over 10 percent of the U.S.’s coal-fired generating capacity.
The Environmental Protection Agency didn’t let a Clean Air Act requirement that mandated technologies be “adequately demonstrated” hinder their new performance standards ruling that puts a 1,100-pound limit per megawatt hour on carbon emissions from new coal power plants. Not only is there no scientifically-supportable climate benefit for limiting such emissions, there is no viable commercial-scale technology to achieve that ideological pipedream. Even if it mattered, the most modern coal-fired plants can only reduce CO2 emissions to 1,800 pounds. What’s more, they already knew that.
The numbers are provided.
can somebody explain how the "bad" CO2 emissions from fossil fuels compare to the natural emissions ?
why is the picture not showing where the CO2 from fuel burning is coming back like the naturals seem to be ?
Yes.
the "oceans" and "land vegetation" return arrows show more than they emit.
No.
Is there two kinds of CO2 ?
Yes. Nature is not capable of absorbing all of the CO2 which is being produced. That is why CO2 levels are rising.
Or is that nature at work ?
Do you think that SO2 (sulfur dioxide) from volcanoes is a bigger contributor to climate change?
Volcanic Gases and Climate Change Overview
Volcanoes can impact climate change. During major explosive eruptions huge amounts of volcanic gas, aerosol droplets, and ash are injected into the stratosphere. Injected ash falls rapidly from the stratosphere -- most of it is removed within several days to weeks -- and has little impact on climate change. But volcanic gases like sulfur dioxide can cause global cooling, while volcanic carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, has the potential to promote global warming.
As opposed to CO2 (carbon dioxide) from natural sources or human generated?
Is there any data about CO2 natural vs. human generated?
The scientists must have some answers.
EVs roll
Climate Myth...
Human CO2 is a tiny % of CO2 emissions
“The oceans contain 37,400 billion tons (GT) of suspended carbon, land biomass has 2000-3000 GT. The atpmosphere contains 720 billion tons of CO2 and humans contribute only 6 GT additional load on this balance. The oceans, land and atpmosphere exchange CO2 continuously so the additional load by humans is incredibly small. A small shift in the balance between oceans and air would cause a CO2 much more severe rise than anything we could produce.” (Jeff Id)
Before the industrial revolution, the CO2 content in the air remained quite steady for thousands of years. Natural CO2 is not static, however. It is generated by natural processes, and absorbed by others.
As you can see in Figure 1, natural land and ocean carbon remains roughly in balance and have done so for a long time – and we know this because we can measure historic levels of CO2 in the atmosphere both directly (in ice cores) and indirectly (through proxies).
But consider what happens when more CO2 is released from outside of the natural carbon cycle – by burning fossil fuels. Although our output of 29 gigatons of CO2 is tiny compared to the 750 gigatons moving through the carbon cycle each year, it adds up because the land and ocean cannot absorb all of the extra CO2. About 40% of this additional CO2 is absorbed. The rest remains in the atmosphere, and as a consequence, atmospheric CO2 is at its highest level in 15 to 20 million years (Tripati 2009). (A natural change of 100ppm normally takes 5,000 to 20,000 years. The recent increase of 100ppm has taken just 120 years).
Human CO2 emissions upset the natural balance of the carbon cycle. Man-made CO2 in the atmosphere has increased by a third since the pre-industrial era, creating an artificial forcing of global temperatures which is warming the planet. While fossil-fuel derived CO2 is a very small component of the global carbon cycle, the extra CO2 is cumulative because the natural carbon exchange cannot absorb all the additional CO2.
The level of atmospheric CO2 is building up, the additional CO2 is being produced by burning fossil fuels, and that build up is accelerating.SScience
There are natural and human caused carbon dioxide (CO2) sources. The natural sources
are much larger than human sources. However, over geologic time (billions of years), the natural sources have managed to balance themselves out so that life as we like it can
survive. Maintaining this balance is part of the carbon cycle. Changing the CO2 balance
is a big deal.
Natural CO2 sources include plants, animals, the oceans, and volcanoes. Human caused sources are primarily some form of combustion from fires to furnace flues.
Animals create CO2 through respiration (breathing) and plants use CO2 during
photosynthesis. Plants concentrate carbon from the CO2. This is the carbon released
by humans burning the plants later on. Plants have over time also been converted to
fossil fuels, which people burn a lot of, and which pollute the air considerably more.
The oceans are huge carbon dioxide sinks. CO2 is constantly being exchanged from the surface of the ocean to the air above and then from the air above back into the ocean. The amount depends on how much CO2 is already in the water, water temperature, mixing and
so on. Oceans are becoming packed with excess CO2 and more acidic as a result.
Volcanoes were the first of the carbon dioxide sources as part of the carbon cycle billons of years ago. Carbon rich rocks and sediments plunging into the hot mantle released carbon dioxide gas through volcanoes. This is still happening. The amount is estimated at around 110 million tons per year, which is only a small fraction (0.4%) of what people put into the air.
The largest human carbon dioxide sources have one thing in common: the burning of carbon based fuels. When a carbon based fuel is burned, one of the main compounds released is carbon dioxide gas. Carbon based fuels may be wood, paper, plant matter or another type of hydrocarbon. These fuels are often termed fossil fuels.
To simplify classification, there are three main CO2 sources in the carbon cycle: vegetation/land, oceans, and humans. The values of these sources are shown in the chart below.
- See more at: www.evsroll.com...
It doesn't matter. CO2 levels are rising because more CO2 is being introduced into the atmosphere than is being absorbed. The increase in CO2 being added to the atmosphere is directly attributable to the burning of fossil fuels. This can be determined by isotopic analysis.
And with all that natural and man made CO2 in the air, how do we determine with absolute certainty which CO2 is which?
No. It's where the science comes into play. Interesting though, you seemed happy to accept the numbers when you didn't understand their implications.
Or is this where the "guessing" comes into play.
xuenchen
reply to post by Phage
And with all that natural and man made CO2 in the air, how do we determine with absolute certainty which CO2 is which?
How can they determine with certainty what the oceans and plants are actually emitting and absorbing?
How do they separate the exact measurements?
Or is this where the "guessing" comes into play.
In 1992, it was thought that volcanic degassing released something like 100 million tons of CO2 each year. Around the turn of the millennium, this figure was getting closer to 200. The most recent estimate, releasedthis February, comes from a team led by Mike Burton, of the Italian National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology – and it’s just shy of 600 million tons. It caps a staggering trend: A six-fold increase in just two decades.
www.minsocam.org...
Notwithstanding the uncertainties in our understanding of CO2 degassing from Earth, it is clear that these natural emissions were recently dwarfed by anthropogenic emissions, which have rapidly increased since industrialization began on a large scale in the 18th century, leading to a rapid increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
Who cares about global warming?
The article doesn't say volcanic sources have increased, it says estimates of the amounts have increased.
the2ofusr1
reply to post by Skymon612
Just another foolish document produced by the IPCC with lots of doom porn ...Anyone believing this crap care to answer me this one question ...When did AGW start ?...Peace