posted on Oct, 18 2004 @ 10:02 PM
This thread which I started, is under the heading of ancient civilizations, and it is at this point that it crosses into religious conspiracies,
although very relative to the topic since the two historical concepts will always merge into one. I don�t know if there is really any interest in what
I have written, since the picture I have painted thus far is intentionally nondescript, and I don�t know if any moderator even reads this thread and
therefore should so decide where it should be placed, but from here anything further I might write becomes far more pointed. So until I am advised
further or have direction on where to continue, this is the last post relative to the opening post.
Why Osiris?
Dr. Zahi Hawass, though not too eager to delve into the cavernous underneath of the Khafre causeway, did disclose findings of pottery shards and bones
dated to the end of the 26th dynasty, c500BCE. These however are overshadowed by his dating of the shaft itself to 1500BCE.
In the Lower Egypt area between Thebes and Abydos was a town known as Nubt which was excavated by Flinders Petrie and James Quibell. The find of over
2,000 graves in this walled town, initially led Petrie to believe the remains were those belonging to the period; 2181-2055BCE. Petrie later realized
that in fact, what he had found was a much older town, reaching back in history to c4000-3100BCE. Thriving in commerce, and community organization,
Nadaqa as it is now known, is currently credited as the first town to openly trade merchandise, gold, silver and copper, and traverse the Red
Sea and Nile to carry out this commerce with ancient Mesopotamia and Palestine (Canaan). It is here that colour appeared on the artifacts,
carving tools took shape and later became more sophisticated. Rich was the land in minerals, in fact so much so, the name itself means
Gold(town).
Excavations at this site provided insight into some of Egypt�s earliest age, which represented a vastly different belief system to the more elaborate
dynasties of the pharaohs and Gods to follow. Predating the worship of the Ogdoad but favouring Seth over Osiris, the art, architecture and religious
aspects were quite simple in comparison to later finds. Mummification was not used, or royal tombs nor pyramids to bury the dead. Instead, graves
lined with the pottery possessions of the dead sufficed. Naqada thus far has yielded the earliest finds of hieroglyphs and metal works. The
area seemed abundant with fauna from hippopotami to gazelles, snakes to crocodiles. Life in Naqada predated the pharaohs but it was the growth and
expansion of the area which gave rise to the unification of Egypt.
Near the delta of the Nile in Upper Egypt lies the great pyramid complexes of the dynasties some 1400 years younger than Naqada. Rife with funerary
evidence of pharaohs and queens, and their service to Osiris and Horus, they collectively all lack solid evidence to support that they were in fact
the tombs of the pharaohs.
As mentioned earlier, the townsfolk of Naqada were devotees to Seth. It was not until the First dynasty 3100-2686BCE, and much later into the Old
Kingdom c2686-2181BCE the age of the great pyramids, that Osiris it seems started to gain in notoriety. By 800BCE, Seth, his brother, was being
painted as evil, reduced in godly stature and minimalised. A marked religious transition this presumably arising from the ever changing myths and
affiliations throughout the era, and significant because of the hierarchy of the Egyptian gods.
Abydos to the north, and west of the mile by 9.5 miles, is as equally as old, and known as the cult centre of Osiris. It is also the first known place
to bury the rulers of unified Egypt. Evidence of pottery shards found in Abydos suggest they hail from the Naqada area, and consequently, one can
presume Abydos was a town founded by settlers. Abydos too enjoyed trade with Palestine, in fact Abydos held most of the benefits of Naqada except for
its location and early prosperity. The town itself was a buildup of settlements over those before, understandable considering that the earlier
settlements are said to be below groundwater.
The tombs of the earliest rulers in both Naqada and Abydos, were mastabas, the same shortened table like structure Egyptologists link to the tombs of
the officials of the later days. Tombs in general became more elaborate throughout the course of Egypt�s history, where some very elaborate mastaba
tombs of later dynasties have been excavated, evidence put forth that they were obviously a crypt of choice for the true elite. Whether the pharaohs
abandoned pyramid tombs for underground resting places, either to thwart robbery or due to the cost as Egyptologists claim, is arguable considering
the lack of evidence to support the supposed corpse or its regal status.
The archaeological aging of ancient Egypt is part science, part chronology, similar to the aging of Babylon; the supposed cradle of civilization. If
we seek to understand the past as it inherently affects us today, it is necessary to muddle through and try to sort fact from fiction, myth from
legend, deception from reason, and as best as we can, remove all bias and preconceived notions in search of that understanding. What we find out in
our search can soothe our interest in the progression of man; shock us to the point where we lose faith in ourselves; question our own devoutness, or
stun us with the realization that we have been a product of mass duplicity. For me that muddling through was just curiosity, a hunger to learn more,
the soothing interest. Now here I am instead, a victim of stunned realization. The scientific age of Babylonia for example as proof of it being the
"cradle of civilization," just does not fit.
The following is a brief description of the important Egyptian gods; the possible gateway to man's history.
Hermopolitian Ogdoad (group of eight gods/ 4 pairs). From the Hermopolis Magna, the cult place of Thoth � deals with creation, earliest texts
from c2055-1650BCE.-The sun god emerged from a group of 4 pairs of male and female deities, given names to describe the unformed chaos- air, moisture,
darkness, eternity etc.
The Ennead (four generations of the 9 major gods) from the Heliopolis � incorporates the next thought of thinking- from one to many. The
pyramid texts of the Old Kingdom c2680-2180BCE describes the processes of life. In the beginning, Atum/Re/Ra the creator and sun god, created two
opposites of himself; the god Shu(air) and goddess Tefnut (moisture). These two then produced Geb (earth) and Nut (heaven) It is from these two that
man was first created in their children; Osiris, Seth, Isis and Nephthys. The Egyptians obviously had no problem with acknowledging incest as the
means to begin population. One other myth: Memphite theory, surviving in the Shabaqo Stone, hails from the new kingdom c1550 � 1069BCE, and
incorporated new gods associating them with all manner of earthly and human characteristics, the lotus leaf birth and male fertility for example. In
this period, Ra became Ptah.
Ra/Re (Atum) Worship of the sun god reached its peak at Heliopolis during the fourth
His children Shu (air) & Tefnut (moisture) parallel the creation of Earth.
Geb- Father of Osiris , Seth, Isis, Nephthys, God of the Earth.
Nut- Mother of - Osiris , Seth, Isis, Nephthys, Goddess of Heaven.
Osiris � Father of Horus, God of the underworld
Isis -Sister and wife of Osiris, mother of Horus.
Seth- God of chaos and confusion. Killed his brother Osiris. But still favour with Ra. C800BCE texts started describing Seth as evil. Some of
his statues recarved and his defeat at the hands of Horus celebrated.
Nephthys- Infamous. Supposed wife of Seth, mother of Anubis by Osiris. Protector of the dead
Djeheuty/Thoth � Some say son of Re, others, son of Seth. God of wisdom, a moon God, messenger of the gods. It is said that Thoth authored a
text of great importance which would one day be found, and would explain the great secrets.