It looks like you're using an Ad Blocker.
Please white-list or disable AboveTopSecret.com in your ad-blocking tool.
Thank you.
Some features of ATS will be disabled while you continue to use an ad-blocker.
A jet fuel fire 80 stories up is going to generate heat at street level . . . at the moment it starts?
Originally posted by ipsedixit
reply to post by pteridine
Why is this fire chief feeling heat from an explosion, at ground level, when the second plane hits?
Originally posted by pteridine
Originally posted by ipsedixit
reply to post by pteridine
Why is this fire chief feeling heat from an explosion, at ground level, when the second plane hits?
Heat can be transferred by convection or IR radiation, called "black body" radiation. Burning hydrocarbons act as black body radiators because of the carbon particles in the flame. Many thousand gallons of burning fuel radiate heat at the speed of light so feeling the heat is instantaneous.
Originally posted by Varemia
reply to post by ipsedixit
Ever heard of elevators? Jet fuel happens to be a liquid, and elevators go down.
It is not a great leap of logic to say that burning jet fuel found its way down the tower, especially when each tower had a single elevator which traversed the length of the building, plus a few others which reached various lobbies on the way down.
To deny that jet fuel is a liquid is to be obtuse.
Originally posted by Varemia
To deny that jet fuel is a liquid is to be obtuse.
Originally posted by ipsedixit
Originally posted by Varemia
To deny that jet fuel is a liquid is to be obtuse.
Even to state that it is a liquid would be obtuse.
The best I can do is reserve judgement on the radient heat issue. He felt heat, to be sure. Was it from a cloud of burning kerosene hundreds of feet in the air or did something much hotter explode? I'm puzzled.
A solid has a definite shape and volume. A liquid has a definite volume but it takes the shape of a container whereas a gas fills the entire volume of a container.
Also, after I was running, I remember running, and I remember somebody yelling on the radio May Day, May Day, I'm trapped! Over the EMS radio. I was thinking May Day? That's not a term we use, you know 10- 13 or 85 forthwith, but somebody's yelling May Day, I'm trapped. Then you heard this loud buzz, and you didn't hear any more transmissions after that until I would venture to guess it was 20 minutes to a half (h)our later, and the first thing I remember hearing was somebody saying the North Tower is leaning. Within five minutes of that statement, the second tower came down.
Is the buzzing sound referred to in this quote the effect of an EMP? I'm not familiar with the ways that an EMP manifests.
This is also why I think that it is likely that depleted uranium demolition charges were used on the building. I have no doubt whatsoever that the US military has them and I think I know enough about the mindset of these people to be confident that they would use what's in the toolbox, particularly if depleted uranium shaped charges gave them more penetrating bang for the buck.
Originally posted by thedman
How many tines do you have to be told - THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS DEPLETED URANIUM SHAPED
CHARGES !!!
1. A shaped charge Blasting Device comprising a cylindrical charge of detonating explosive, a cavity disposed in one end of said charge, said cavity being in the shape of a cone, and a metal liner disposed in said cavity, said liner comprising depleted uranium.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
United States Patent 4,592,790
Globus June 3, 1986
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Method of making particulate uranium for shaped charge liners
Abstract
A process for the production of depleted uranium metal particles comprising heating depleted uranium metal to red heat, rapidly chilling the heated metal, grinding the resulting brittlized metal to form powder size particles, annealing the particles and coating the particles with silver, copper, or lead, wherein the grinding and annealing are carried out in an inert argon atmosphere. The invention also contemplates the resulting depleted uranium metal powder, compositions containing the same as well as the liners for shaped charges formed therefrom.
. . . .
After annealing, but prior to removal of the powder from the inert argon gas atmosphere, the inert gas is drawn off so as to provide a high vacuum atmosphere. Under maintenance of this high vacuum, silver or its equivalent, i.e. copper or lead, is vapor deposited onto the particles of depleted uranium metal. This is carried out while the uranium powder is maintained in an agitated state, as for instance, by slow tumbling and ensures the uniform, even deposition of the metal (silver) coating on the individual uranium particles. This has the effect of rendering the uranium powder inert to the atmosphere and facilitates its further processing by the conventional metal powder treatment techniques. The danger of oxidation of the uranium metal by exposure to the atmosphere is avoided as is any possibility of the generation and release of low level radiation.
United-Guardian Inc. (NASDAQ: UNIR) announced today that the U.S. Patent Office has granted the company Patent No. 4,592,790 covering a method for producing shaped charges capable of enormous destruction in their ability to penetrate even heavy armor.
Originally developed for perforating oil and gas wells, this new "super perforator" is capable of penetrating several feet of solid concrete or armor plate almost a foot thick.…
On the evenings of September 17 and 18, the field crew collected samples of dust and airfall debris deposits from 33 outdoor locations within a 1-kilometer radius of the WTC; this sampling occurred after a major rainstorm on September 14. Two samples of indoor dust deposits unaffected by rainfall, and two samples of material coating a steel beam in the WTC debris close to Ground Zero were also collected.
The trace metal compositions of the dust and girder coatings likely reflect contributions of material from a wide variety of sources. Possibilities include metals that might be found as pigments in paints (such as titanium, molybdenum, lead, and iron), or metals that occur as traces in, or as major components of, wallboard, concrete, aggregate, copper piping, electrical wiring, and computer equipment. Further detailed SEM studies of dust and beam coating samples are needed to develop a better understanding of the residences of metals in the samples. A detailed review of the materials used in construction, and the elemental composition of materials commonly found in office buildings would also be useful to understand more completely the potential sources and compositions of the materials in the dusts.
Isotopes are variants of atoms of a particular chemical element, which have differing numbers of neutrons. Atoms of a particular element by definition must contain the same number of protons but may have a distinct number of neutrons which differs from atom to atom, without changing the designation of the atom as a particular element. . . .
A nuclide is an atom with a specific number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, for example carbon-13 with 6 protons and 7 neutrons. The nuclide concept (referring to individual nuclear species) emphasizes nuclear properties over chemical properties, while the isotope concept (grouping all atoms of each element) emphasizes chemical over nuclear.
In nature, uranium is found as uranium-238 (99.2742%), uranium-235 (0.7204%), and a very small amount of uranium-234 (0.0054%).
Gypsum produced as a byproduct of the flue-gas desulfurization process at electric power plants provides an economical, environmentally sound raw material for making high-quality gypsum board.
I have certainly never seen a detailed calculation of the mass of WTC 1 or 2; but there are plenty of references on the web for the weight of the materials used in the construction of the WTC Towers. For example, the weight of structural steel used in each Tower is generally reported to be 96,000,000 kg and the weight of concrete is said to be 48,000,000 kg per Tower. I have also seen the weight of aluminum cladding reported to be 2,000,000 kg, and the weight of wallboard quoted at 8,000,000 kg per Tower, giving a total weight of structural materials of 154,000,000 kg per Tower.
Use of by-product, chemical gypsum is new to the North American continent. In the U.S., by-product gypsum represented only 3.6% of the total gypsum supply in 1994.
Prior to the 1980s, virtually all the gypsum used to manufacture gypsum board and gypsum plaster was natural gypsum. While the technology to create synthetic ("by-product"-ipsedixit note) gypsum was developed in Europe in the 1930s and scattered references to its existence are found in industry records prior to World War II, the wholesale use of synthetic gypsum to manufacture gypsum board did not occur in the U.S. until the 1980s.
The table is a little hard to read, but it would appear that uranium was found in the WTC dust in an amount between 7 and 10 parts per million (ppm). One commentator I read on the web put the figure at 7.75 ppm. He represents himself as a nuclear physicist, but since I am a layperson, I'm going to err on the side of caution and use the figure 7 ppm of uranium found in the WTC dust by the USGS study.
7ppm. Is that natural? Does everything contain 7ppm of uranium?
The short answer is no.
Granite is a natural source of radiation, like most natural stones. However, some granites have been reported to have higher radioactivity thereby raising some concerns about their safety.
Some granites contain around 10 to 20 parts per million of uranium. By contrast, more mafic rocks such as tonalite, gabbro or diorite have 1 to 5 ppm uranium, and limestones and sedimentary rocks usually have equally low amounts. Many large granite plutons are the sources for palaeochannel-hosted or roll front uranium ore deposits, where the uranium washes into the sediments from the granite uplands and associated, often highly radioactive, pegmatites. Granite could be considered a potential natural radiological hazard as, for instance, villages located over granite may be susceptible to higher doses of radiation than other communities. Cellars and basements sunk into soils over granite can become a trap for radon gas, which is formed by the decay of uranium. Radon can also be introduced into houses by wells drilled into granite. Radon gas poses significant health concerns, and is the number two cause of lung cancer in the US behind smoking.
.