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Small amounts of ruthenium can increase the hardness of platinum and palladium.
Platinum is a soft metal that is highly resistant to tarnishing. By adding small quantities of ruthenium to platinum, you create an alloy that is much stronger than pure platinum. The addition of ruthenium to platinum also increases the metal's melting point. Platinum ruthenium alloy is useful in jewelry making or as contacts in electronic components. Read more: The Uses of Platinum Ruthenium Alloy | eHow.com www.ehow.com...
Originally posted by Magnus47
If you look at page 41 of the raw data, you can see the elements this thing was primarily composed of, and three of them are circled. Iron was far and away the biggest amount, at 460,000 parts per million (46%). Next in line is Nickel, at 52,000 ppm (5.2%). The following elements appear in decreasing amount:
Phosphorus.....2400 ppm
Cobalt.............2200 ppm (CIRCLED)
Sodium...........2100 ppm
Magnesium.....860 ppm
Copper............510 ppm
Germanium......320 ppm
Gallium...........120 ppm
Barium............88 ppm
Manganese......52 ppm
Platinum..........9 ppm
Ruthenium.......8 ppm
Palladium........3 ppm
Now, you have to admit, there are a lot of metals in this thing! What caught my interest was some of the trace elements. Some elements, like Iron and Sodium, are very common in the body. But for example, what are the odds of finding Platinum under your skin? Interestingly, Platinum, Palladium, and Ruthenium are found in almost equally miniscule amounts. If you look at the Wikipedia for Ruthenium...
Wikipedia: Ruthenium
... you find this interesting quote, referencing the common use of these elements in alloys:
Small amounts of ruthenium can increase the hardness of platinum and palladium.
So that begs the question: What is a clearly artificial alloy doing (albeit in incredibly small proportions) inside this bizarre metallic object, found inside this self-described abductee's jaw?
My first thought was that it could be trace elements of the surgical tools used by Dr. Leir. However, most scalpel blades are made of steel, titanium, or diamond. So perhaps we should try to find some common uses for this platinum alloy. I came across this document which seems to be useful:
Materials handbook: Platinum alloys
Here we find that platinum-iridium is indeed used in surgical instruments. However, no iridium was found in this analysis, at least above the 5 ppm limit. There are some interesting uses for platinum-cobalt (magnets) and platinum-nickel (high strength), but platinum-ruthenium seems to have more to do with electrical conductivity. Here's another site that discusses its usefulness:
The Uses of Platinum Ruthenium Alloy
Platinum is a soft metal that is highly resistant to tarnishing. By adding small quantities of ruthenium to platinum, you create an alloy that is much stronger than pure platinum. The addition of ruthenium to platinum also increases the metal's melting point. Platinum ruthenium alloy is useful in jewelry making or as contacts in electronic components. Read more: The Uses of Platinum Ruthenium Alloy | eHow.com www.ehow.com...
In any case, I wonder if this study was refined enough for such a small proportion of these trace elements to be significant? If so, then such a tiny use of an artificial alloy almost seems to suggest nanotechnology. If not, then this could be anything from a statistical anomaly to tiny pieces of Dr. Leir's surgical tools.
I am also interested in why the person examining these test results circled Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel. It could be because these are the only transition metals that produce a magnetic field, and are some of the most common and strongest ferromagnetic elements. They are also common components in meteors, which could be why they are circled in these results. Also, Copper is highly conductive and responds strongly to magnetism, in addition to its use in electrical components.
So I guess that's all I have to offer after looking at the data. Definitely a weird thing to find under your skin!edit on 3-4-2011 by Magnus47 because: typo's n' stuff
Originally posted by Gorman91
reply to post by Magnus47
Ru is not artificial. It is a fundamental element on the periodic table. That's like calling hydrogen artificial.,
In all honesty the most likely scenario is that the man survived a run in with a meteor of some kind and did not know he was hit. Would not be the first time someone was shot and didn't know it.
Originally posted by Gorman91
So yea, pretty much all we have proof here is that some guy got a meteor in his chin. How exactly who knows. Assuming aliens is just plain silly.
Originally posted by Gorman91
Simple elements. Is HCl artifical? Stuff connects. Especially in high speed collisions in space.
Originally posted by Logical one
You have to also ask yourself.........why would any highly intelligent inter Stella travelling "alien" bother to put a meteorite fragment into someone's chin?
Ruthenium usually occurs as a minor component of platinum ores
en.wikipedia.org...
Ruthenium is a fission product of uranium-235, therefore each kilo of fission products contains significant amounts of the lighter platinum group metals and also ruthenium. Used nuclear fuel might be a possible source for ruthenium.
Because of its ability to harden platinum and palladium, ruthenium is used in platinum and palladium alloys to make wear-resistant electrical contacts.
Fountain pen nibs are frequently tipped with alloys containing ruthenium. From 1944 onward, the famous Parker 51 fountain pen was fitted with the "RU" nib, a 14K gold nib tipped with 96.2% ruthenium and 3.8% iridium.
Ruthenium is a component of mixed-metal oxide (MMO) anodes used for cathodic protection of underground and submerged structures, and for electrolytic cells for chemical processes such as generating chlorine from salt water.[38] The fluorescence of some ruthenium complexes is quenched by oxygen, which has led to their use as optode sensors for oxygen.
Some ruthenium complexes absorb light throughout the visible spectrum and are being actively researched in various, potential, solar energy technologies. Ruthenium-based compounds have been also used for light absorption in dye-sensitized solar cells, a promising new low-cost solar cell system.
Chemical vapor deposition of ruthenium (CVD) is used as a method to produce thin films of pure ruthenium on substrates. These films show promising properties for the use in microchips and for the giant magnetoresistive read element for hard disk drives.[46] Ruthenium was also suggested as a possible material for microelectronics because its use is compatible with semiconductor processing techniques.
Many ruthenium based oxides show very unusual properties, such as a Quantum Critical Point behavior,[48] exotic superconductivity,[49] and high temperature ferromagnetism.