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Why so closed-minded? I have yet to see a good, simple, clear cut explanation as to why some planes leave persistent contrails some of the time, but not all planes all of the time. It would seem that if this topic were so preposterous that it would be easily debunked using readily available data and studies. Instead, we get the vague "atmospheric conditions" with no suggestion as to which set of conditions is needed to produce a persistent contrail.
Abstract
This work is two pronged, discussing 1) the morphology of contrails and their transition to cirrus uncinus, and 2) their microphysical and radiative properties. It is based upon the fortuitous occurrence of an unusual set of essentially parallel contrails and the unanticipated availability of nearly simultaneous observations by photography, satellite, automated ground-based lidar, and a newly available database of aircraft flight tracks. The contrails, oriented from the northeast to southwest, are carried to the southeast with a component of the wind so that they are spread from the northwest to southeast. Convective turrets form along each contrail to form the cirrus uncinus with fallstreaks of ice crystals that are oriented essentially normal to the contrail length. Each contrail is observed sequentially by the lidar and tracked backward to the time and position of the originating aircraft track with the appropriate component of the wind. The correlation coefficient between predicted and actual time of arrival at the lidar is 0.99, so that one may identify both visually and satellite-observed contrails exactly. Contrails generated earlier in the westernmost flight corridor occasionally arrive simultaneously with those formed later closer to the lidar to produce broader cirrus fallstreaks and overlapping contrails on the satellite image. The minimum age of a contrail is >2 h and corresponds to the longest time of travel to the lidar. The lag between the initial formation of the contrail and its first detectability by Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is ≈33 min, thus accounting for the distance between the aircraft track and the first detectable contrail by satellite. The lidar also provides particle fall speeds and estimated sizes, optical extinction coefficients, optical thickness (τ = 0.35), and ice water path (IWP = 8.1 g m−2). These values correspond to the lower range of those found for midlatitude cirrus by Heymsfield et al. The ice water per meter of length along the cloud lines is 103–104 times that released by typical jet aircraft. The synthesis of these findings with those of prior investigators provides confidence in the present results. Various authors find that contrail-generated cirrus such as reported here contribute to net regional warming.
Received: December 27, 2004; Accepted: June 30, 2005
journals.ametsoc.org...
To obtain the geometric structure of the clouds we used a telescope to measure the elevation angles of points X and Y on the building at the left. The azimuth angles were measured with a compass and corrected for the 12° magnetic declination west of true north. Using the 10-km height of the cloud-generating level obtained from the lidar (see Fig. 5) we computed the horizontal scales (L) on the right of Fig. 1 from tan(ψ) = (10/L), where ψ is the elevation angle and L is the horizontal distance from the zenith point above the observer. To estimate distances from left to right across the image use the portion of the scale centered at the appropriate elevation angle. As the elevation angle decreases one sees that the spacing of the cloud lines 1 and 2 is ≈5 km regardless of the angle of view. In short, they are parallel to one another; their apparent convergence is due only to perspective. The same is true for the other cloud lines. We shall discuss the size of the cloud elements later.
Originally posted by zipcode80013
reply to post by MathiasAndrew
I would like to see a photo of contrials that look like the things we call chemtrials, from pre-1970. Is there a photo from Viet Namn or anywhere showing something that looks like chemtrials?
1967 – Plate 113 from Cloud Studies in Colour, Richard Scorer and Harry Wexler. Shows over 30 contrails, some criss-crossing:
Fighter contrails overhead during the Battle of the Philippine Sea
Delivery Scenarios
"Aircraft Exhaust Penner et al. (1984) suggested that emissions of 1 percent of the fuel mass of the commercial aviation fleet as particulates, between 40,000- and 100,000-foot (12- to 30-km) altitude for a 10-year period, would change the planetary albedo sufficiently to neutralize the effects of an equivalent doubling of CO2. They proposed that retuning the engine combustion systems to burn rich during the high-altitude portion of commercial flights could be done with negligible efficiency loss. Using Reck's estimates of extinction coefficients for particulates (Reck, 1979a, 1984), they estimated a requirement of about 1.168 ¥ 1010 kg of particulates, compared with the panel's estimate of 1010 kg, based upon Ramaswamy and Kiehl (1985). They then estimated that if 1 percent of the fuel of aircraft flying above 30,000 feet is emitted as soot, over a 10-year period the required mass of particulate material would be emitted.
However, current commercial aircraft fleets seldom operate above 40,000 feet (12 km), and the lifetimes of particles at the operating altitudes will be much shorter than 10 years."
Points to Ponder: The Shield Project. Here we quote the communication from "Deep Shield": Having read your email, I must say that you are full of questions. These questions
I would dismiss immediately as being the frustrated attempts of fringe groups to bring a halt to the project, however these reports of biological material being part of the spray should be addressed. Therefore I will give as much attention to all of your questions as possible.
1. What purpose do polymer threads imbedded with biological material serve in this scenario?
Polymers are part of the mixture and they do form in threads and in `tufts'. The idea is simple and comes to us from the spider. As you may know spider webbing is very light, some newborn spiders spin a `parachute' to catch the prevailing breeze to travel far from their place of birth. Spiders have been able to attain high altitudes and travel great distances for long periods of time. Most of the elements used in the spray are heavier than air, even in their powdered form they are heavier and will sink quickly.
Mixing them with the polymers suspends the particles in the atmosphere high above the surface for longer periods of time, therefore in theory we do not need to spray as often or as much material. Since the suspended particles eventually do settle into the lowest part of the atmosphere and are inhaled by all life forms on the surface there is an attempt to counter the growth of mold by adding to the mixture mold growth suppressants - some of which may be of biological material.
Mold comes in spores that travel on the winds; the polymers can attract mold spores through static charges created by the friction of the polymer threads and the atmosphere. Add a bit of warmth and moisture and mold begins to grow. The polymer is stored in a liquid form as two separate chemicals. When sprayed they combine behind the plane `spinning' long polymer chains (threads).
Much tinkering has been done which the chemical matrix in past years. Many polymers (plastics) are non-biodegradable thus add to the problem of pollution. Various formula have been used, some which even use biological agents. It would be great if we could reproduce the same web material that spiders make, it is extremely strong, extremely lightweight and breaks down relatively fast in the ecology.
2. If this spraying is to mitigate global warming, why does so much of it take place at night?
Though it would appear that the dispersal rate of the spray is fast, it is actually takes much longer to be an effective shield. There is a desired concentration being sought. One that is thick enough to stem the UV and the Infrared, while being thin enough to allow visible light through.
A perpetual cloud cover would have disastrous effects on plant life; the food chain thus disrupted would soon collapse. The desired effect wanted is a thin cover that would theoretically create a daytime haze that allows plenty of sunlight while providing protection. From UV radiation and also reflect enough infrared to maintain nominal temperatures.
The optimal condition is to use the least amount of material to provide the maximum amount of shielding. Ideally that would be a one-time application which would stay suspended for years, however, as noted, barium and aluminum and other trace elements are far heavier than air and they sink rather rapidly. The different temperatures between day and night causes massive volumes of air to rise during the night, the warm air trapped at the surface rises above the cooling air above.
By strategically spraying in certain areas at night, we get the advantage of the rising air, which not only pushes the material higher, but also causes the material to disperse into a thin layer. I would suggest studying on the subject of weather, namely highs and lows and how air moves to fully understand the times of spraying. I note, it is not just global warming we are combating here, we are also combating UV Summer.
Global warming could effectively be treated by applications during the night, when the warm air rises. However the UV needs to be treated during the day. This is why on some days one finds that more spraying is done during the day. The UV indexes are monitored constantly for local areas. If the problem were simply cooling the earth, rockets would have been used to suspend particles in the high atmosphere. However the delicate nature of the Ozone Layer precludes this method of shielding. More on this in the answer to Question 6.
Originally posted by MathiasAndrew
www.lightwatcher.com...
Delivery Scenarios
"Aircraft Exhaust Penner et al. (1984) suggested that emissions of 1 percent of the fuel mass of the commercial aviation fleet as particulates, between 40,000- and 100,000-foot (12- to 30-km) altitude for a 10-year period, would change the planetary albedo sufficiently to neutralize the effects of an equivalent doubling of CO2. They proposed that retuning the engine combustion systems to burn rich during the high-altitude portion of commercial flights could be done with negligible efficiency loss. Using Reck's estimates of extinction coefficients for particulates (Reck, 1979a, 1984), they estimated a requirement of about 1.168 ¥ 1010 kg of particulates, compared with the panel's estimate of 1010 kg, based upon Ramaswamy and Kiehl (1985). They then estimated that if 1 percent of the fuel of aircraft flying above 30,000 feet is emitted as soot, over a 10-year period the required mass of particulate material would be emitted.
However, current commercial aircraft fleets seldom operate above 40,000 feet (12 km), and the lifetimes of particles at the operating altitudes will be much shorter than 10 years."
3. What other military programs are in place involving the spraying of barium and what are their purposes? Do you know and understand the chemical make up of the element?
A little knowledge will go a long way to understanding the need to use barium: Barium is often used in barium-nickel alloys for spark-plug electrodes and in vacuum tubes as a drying and oxygen-removing agent. Barium oxidizes in air, and it reacts vigorously with water to form the hydroxide, liberating hydrogen. In moist air it may spontaneously ignite. It burns in air to form the peroxide, which produces hydrogen peroxide when treated with water.
Barium reacts with almost all of the nonmetals; all of its water-soluble and acid-soluble compounds are poisonous. Barium carbonate is used in glass, as a pottery glaze, and as a rat poison. Chrome yellow (barium chromate) is used as a paint pigment and in safety matches. The chlorate and nitrate are used in pyrotechnics to provide a green color. Barium oxide strongly absorbs carbon dioxide and water; it is used as a drying agent. Barium chloride is used in medicinal preparations and as a water softener.
Barium sulfide phosphoresces after exposure to light; it is sometimes used as a paint pigment. Barite, the sulfate ore, has many industrial uses. Because barium sulfate is virtually insoluble in water and acids, it can be used to coat the alimentary tract to increase the contrast for X-ray photography without being absorbed by the body and poisoning the subject.
Note what Barium Oxide can do, absorb carbon dioxide - one of the chief gasses causing the green house effect. In my answer to Question 4 I will discuss the need to carry a current in the shield. I would like to point out that barium and aluminum work together to diffuse and strengthen an electrical charge. Somewhat like the current produced when acid is introduced between two dissimilar metals, such as iron and copper. There are military applications for everything you can think of, can not a butter knife be used as a weapon? The same concept holds true here.
4. What is the connection between ELF, EMF, VLF and Chemtrails spraying? Or is there one?
To understand the use of radio waves in the shield, one first understands how ozone is created. I cannot stress to you how dire the situation really is. The shield in place is only a partial solution; we must counter the depletion of the ozone- this means we must make ozone in the stratosphere.
Ozone at ground levels does no good; indeed, ozone pollution at ground levels it what is used to determine the air quality. Higher levels of ground level ozone mean that air quality is bad. Pure ozone is an unstable, faintly bluish gas with a characteristic fresh, penetrating odor. The gas has a density of 2.144 grams per liter at standard temperature and pressure. Below its boiling point (-112?) ozone is a dark blue liquid; below its melting point (-193?) it is a blue-black crystalline solid.
Ozone is triatomic oxygen, O3, and has a molecular weight of 47.9982 atomic mass units (amu). It is the most chemically active form of oxygen. It is formed in the ozone layer of the stratosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet light on oxygen. Although it is present in this layer only to an extent of about 10 parts per million, ozone is important because its formation prevents most ultraviolet and other high-energy radiation, which is harmful to life, from penetrating to the earth's surface. Ultraviolet light is absorbed when its strikes an ozone molecule; the molecule is split into atomic and diatomic oxygen: 03+ ultraviolet light ->0+02. Later, in the presence of a catalyst, the atomic and diatomic oxygen reunite to form ozone.
Ozone is also formed when an electric discharge passes through air; for example, it is formed by lightning and by some electric motors and generators. Ozone is produced commercially by passing dry air between two concentric-tube or plate electrodes connected to an alternating high voltage; this is called the silent electric discharge method. Since UV radiation is the problem, we can not use UV to produce more stratospheric ozone. Another method must be found. The shield acts like one plate of the electrode, when tickled with certain radio waves; it produces an opposite charge to stratospheric layers producing low atmosphere to stratosphere lightening. Creating ozone where it is needed.
It would be helpful to some of us if you would please explain what you see as the significance of this link and excerpt you posted. The link by itself does not tell us what you feel about the information contained in the link. Thanks.
5. If this is being done for the reasons you say, then why are other chemicals being used, why are different sprays being used?
Correcting the ecological damage that mankind has done has NEVER BEEN DONE BEFORE. We are relatively new to this notion of terraforming on a real scale. That is what we are doing, Terraforming. We are trying to recreate the ideal life-sustaining conditions on a dying planet. We have never done this before, not intentionally. We are testing and trying different methods. Granted, if we do nothing 89% of all species will go extinct and humanity stands a high chance of not surviving through two more generations (or less). However the idea of 2 billion casualties death and permanent injury is not easy to swallow either.
Several attempts to improve the application of Shielding material and getting the most out of each application are taking place all the time. The combined resources of the nations of earth are not enough to allow constant spraying. Though we have achieved a high level of technology, there is a great surface area that needs to be covered nearly daily. Large sections of ocean are all but ignored; the remaining land masses are more than what can be covered effectively. The Shield would work best if it was a single thin layer without interruption, however due to the movement of air, weather patterns and the sad fact that we do not have the means to place ample amounts of material at the same level at the same time we are getting a small fraction of the effectiveness from our applications.
6. Why is spraying found before storm fronts? Is it to cause drought?
Before a storm there is a front, the front clears the air before a storm, pushing particulate matter ahead of it, leaving a space relatively clear of particulate matter. UV radiation levels rise in these areas, sometimes to dangerous levels. The shield must be maintained. Since barium absorbs water as well as carbon dioxide, precipitation has been affected. Other kinds of sprays are in development and testing which may reduce the affects on precipitation. As I stated above, this is a new technology we are working with, it is still in its infancy and there are some problems with it.
7. Why are UFO's and disappearing spray planes reported?
I do not know.
Library > Fact Sheets > Aerial Spray Mission
Aerial Spray Mission
Posted Printable Fact Sheet
MISSION
The Department of Defense (DoD) tasks the 910th Airlift Wing at Youngstown Air Reserve Station (YARS), Ohio to maintain the DoD's only large area fixed-wing aerial spray capability to control disease vectors, pests of vegetation and undesirable vegetations, and to disperse oil spills in large bodies of water. Missions may be executed in combat areas, on DoD installations or in response to Presidential declared disasters/emergencies.
UNIT, AIRCRAFT, AND PERSONNEL
The 757th Airlift Squadron pilots, navigators, flight engineers, spray operators/loadmasters, and entomologists conduct aerial spray missions using four C-130H aircraft equipped with the Modular Aerial Spray System (MASS). These systems are maintained by 910th MX support personnel assigned to the spray mission. YARS houses one of four EPA-approved Training Centers for DoD Pesticide Applicator Certification serving both the continental U.S. and overseas DoD pest management facilities.
COMMAND RELATIONSHIP
Colonel Stephen Linsenmeyer is commander of the 910th Airlift Wing of the U.S. Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC). When activated, the unit is gained by Air Mobility Command (AMC), at Scott Air Force Base, Illinois.
HISTORY
· 1947, the Air Force creates the Special Aerial Spray Flight to reduce troop losses due to vector borne diseases
· April 1, 1973, UC-123K spray aircraft and AF Entomologists were transferred from the active duty's 4500th Aerial Spray Flight, Langley AFB, Va. to AFRC's 355th Tactical Airlift Squadron, Rickenbacker ANGB, OH
· First AFRC aerial spray mission conducted at Langley AFB, Va. May 22, 1973
· July 1973, assisted Panama combating Eastern Equine Encephalitis outbreak by controlling Canal Zone migratory salt-marsh and adult freshwater mosquitoes; conducted research with U.S. Army at Fort Drum, N.Y., testing efficacy aerial spray on black fly control
· 1975, over 160,000 acres of Guam refugee camp treated to preempt Dengue fever outbreak
· 1977 and 1978, conducted five missions controlling an internationally quarantined Japanese beetle infestation at Lajes Air Force Base, Azores
· 1981, aerial spray missions were flown for gypsy moth control at West Point, N.Y., Fort Dix, N.J., and McGuire AFB, N.J.
· 1983, pioneered aerial spray control of biting midges at Parris Island MCRD, SC; established a very successful vegetation control program at the Utah Test and Training Range saving U.S. Government $1.5 million annually; in Minnesota, treated 217 communities and 525,024 acres responding to a public health emergency for Western Equine Encephalitis
· 1985, assisted Department of Agriculture in emergency control efforts over more than 700,000 acres of Idaho for a major grasshopper infestation
· 1986, C-130A's replaced UC-123K's after joint testing with the Department of Agriculture verified C-130 aerial spray effectiveness
· 1988, C-130E's replaced C-130A's, and the Modular Aerial Spray System (MASS) was developed for C-130 operations; MASS is capable of ultra low to ultra high volume sprays
· 1989, FEMA supported treating over 855,000 acres in South Carolina after Hurricane Hugo
· Transferred in January 1992 from Rickenbacker ANGB to Youngstown ARS, Ohio; C-130H aircraft replaced C-130E's; established first ever dedicated spray maintenance flight
· 1992, supported Hurricane Andrew mosquito managment support to FEMA, over 288,000 acres sprayed in Florida
· 1995, established a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) between US Coast Guard and USAFR to apply dispersant during catastrophic oil spills
· 1996, the unit added Geographical Information System (GIS) technology and Differential Global Positioning System receivers to spray aircraft
· October 1999, Hurricane Floyd mosquito infestation support to FEMA, approximately 1.7 million acres sprayed over Va. and N.C.
· In 2000, partnered with fire prevention program at Saylor Creek Range, Mountain Home AFB, Idaho, controlling cheatgrass with aerial applications allowing native prairie grasses to reestablish as the dominate species and reduce the potential for range fires
· New groundbreaking mission in 2001 at Grand Forks Air Force Base, N.D. interrupting larval development and treating for flying adult mosquitoes at the same time
· Established new mosquito control mission at Minot Air Force Base, N.D. in 2005
· 2005, the destruction and resulting debris resulting from the aftermath of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita created prime breeding grounds for mosquitoes and filth flies putting the displaced populations and rescue workers at risk of vector-borne illness: Supporting FEMA, treated 2,880,662 acres over Louisiana and Texas culminating in the largest aerial spray mission ever conducted under AFRC
· International multi-agency full scale oil spill exercises were conducted in San Francisco, Calif. (2006) and Brownsville, Texas (2008)
· 2007, Added Naval Submarine Base, Kings Bay, Ga. treating areas in prohibited airspace
· 2009 Homestead Air Reserve Base, FL was the first ever all Reserve Air Station spray mission treating Homestead and surrounding Miami-Dade County
· 2008, after several years in the works and the aid of Congressman Tim Ryan, $3 million was provided to enhance the aerial spray mission with the newer Wingman GX aerial spray targeting GPS using the latest computer technology and pesticide drift modeling available; additionally, the MASS was upgraded with new quantity indicating systems, replacing the 22-year-old units
· The Wingman system was tested during post-hurricane Gustav mosquito sprays in Sept-Oct 2008 where more than 771,000 acres were treated in Louisiana
· May 2009, the spray flight performed the industry's largest effective larvicide aerial spray application over Army Corps of Engineers land near Williston, N.D.; reductions in larval mosquito populations by over 95 percent in sampled areas were demonstrated
· May-June 2010, the 757th Airlift Squadron was directed by the President of the United States and tasked by the Secretary of Defense to conduct aerial spray for Operation Deep Water Horizon. The mission of aerial spray for this mission was to use oil dispersing agents to neutralize the oil spill caused by the April 2010 sinking of the Deepwater Horizon drilling platform in the Gulf of Mexico. This mission marked the first real world application of oil spill dispersants by the 910th Airlift Wing.
(Current as of July 2010)
Office of Public Affairs
Youngstown Air Reserve Station
3976 King Graves Rd., Unit 12
Vienna, Ohio 44473-5912
(330) 609-1236
"Six Modular Aerial Spray Systems (MASS) are available at the 910 AW to conduct aerial spray missions.
Each system can be configured with up to four 500 gallon tanks for a total volume of 2000 gallons.
Further confirmation of this particular aerial spray system is found at this United States Air Force Reserve, 910th Airlift Wing of Youngstown, Ohio website: Air Force Reserve - MASS. This page will open in a separate window and may be kept open, minimized or closed to return here. Here the first page is quoted in part:
Index of chemtrail pages at Holmestead.ca:
This page is an index of the many pages at Holmestead.ca devoted to the chemtrail debate. There are also other sub-pages and documents not directly listed here - plus external links.
Please note that this is not a news site or a blog and although some material may be dated it is still valid. There is no single point of view or theory being presented here but a variety of views and some may indeed at first appear to contradict others. Also note the cautions or disclaimers on a few pages.
These pages will automatically open in a separate window or you can Right Click and open in a New Tab or Window.
Originally posted by MathiasAndrew
reply to post by Soylent Green Is People
It would be helpful to some of us if you would please explain what you see as the significance of this link and excerpt you posted. The link by itself does not tell us what you feel about the information contained in the link. Thanks.
My personal feelings about the material are irrelevant and unimportant. However to answer your question, I wouldn't be posting it if I didn't think it was valuable information. If you don't want to read it you don't have to. I read it. Now I'm posting in case someone else wants to read it. The link is there to verify the source. At the bottom of the page is another link to The Official Web SIte of Youngstown-Warren Air Reserve Station
Originally posted by MathiasAndrew
www.lightwatcher.com...
Delivery Scenarios
"Aircraft Exhaust Penner et al. (1984) suggested that emissions of 1 percent of the fuel mass of the commercial aviation fleet as particulates, between 40,000- and 100,000-foot (12- to 30-km) altitude for a 10-year period, would change the planetary albedo sufficiently to neutralize the effects of an equivalent doubling of CO2. They proposed that retuning the engine combustion systems to burn rich during the high-altitude portion of commercial flights could be done with negligible efficiency loss. Using Reck's estimates of extinction coefficients for particulates (Reck, 1979a, 1984), they estimated a requirement of about 1.168 ¥ 1010 kg of particulates, compared with the panel's estimate of 1010 kg, based upon Ramaswamy and Kiehl (1985). They then estimated that if 1 percent of the fuel of aircraft flying above 30,000 feet is emitted as soot, over a 10-year period the required mass of particulate material would be emitted.
However, current commercial aircraft fleets seldom operate above 40,000 feet (12 km), and the lifetimes of particles at the operating altitudes will be much shorter than 10 years."
On ATS, we are not supposed to post links and basically say "discuss". You need to tell us what is in that link that you feel is germane to the topic at hand.
Originally posted by MathiasAndrew
[reply to post by Soylent Green Is People
On ATS, we are not supposed to post links and basically say "discuss". You need to tell us what is in that link that you feel is germane to the topic at hand.
The entire content found in the linkedit on 24-3-2011 by MathiasAndrew because: (no reason given)
Originally posted by MathiasAndrew
www.lightwatcher.com...
Delivery Scenarios
"Aircraft Exhaust Penner et al. (1984) suggested that emissions of 1 percent of the fuel mass of the commercial aviation fleet as particulates, between 40,000- and 100,000-foot (12- to 30-km) altitude for a 10-year period, would change the planetary albedo sufficiently to neutralize the effects of an equivalent doubling of CO2. They proposed that retuning the engine combustion systems to burn rich during the high-altitude portion of commercial flights could be done with negligible efficiency loss. Using Reck's estimates of extinction coefficients for particulates (Reck, 1979a, 1984), they estimated a requirement of about 1.168 ¥ 1010 kg of particulates, compared with the panel's estimate of 1010 kg, based upon Ramaswamy and Kiehl (1985). They then estimated that if 1 percent of the fuel of aircraft flying above 30,000 feet is emitted as soot, over a 10-year period the required mass of particulate material would be emitted.
However, current commercial aircraft fleets seldom operate above 40,000 feet (12 km), and the lifetimes of particles at the operating altitudes will be much shorter than 10 years."edit on 24-3-2011 by MathiasAndrew because: edit text