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Columbus was accompanied by five 'maranos' (Jews who had foresworn their religion and supposedly became Catholics), Luis de Torres, interpreter, Marco, the surgeon, Bemal, the physician, Alonzo de la Calle and Gabriel Sanchez (1).
Gabriel Sanchez, abetted by the other four Jews, sold Columbus on the idea of capturing 500 Indians and selling them as slaves in Seville, Spain, which was done. Columbus did not receive any of the money from the sale of the slaves, but he became the victim of a conspiracy fostered by Bemal, the ship's doctor. He, Columbus, suffered injustice and imprisonment as his reward. Betrayed by the five maranos (Jews) whom he had trusted and helped. This, ironically, was the beginning of slavery in the Americas (2).
The Jews were expelled from Spain on August 2, 1492, and from Portugal in 1497. Many of these Jews emigrated to Holland, where they set up the Dutch West Indies Company to exploit the new world
Originally posted by JohnnyCanuck
I donno...the Huron still had the North Shore of Ontario, and a farming economy as well.
In the fifty-year period between 1651 and 1701, southern Ontario went through three stages of population shift. In the first stage (the1650s to 1689s), after the dispersal of the Hurons and their allies, the area was used as an Iroquois hunting ground. In the second stage (the 1670s and 1689s), Iroquois settlements were established for the purpose of agricultural production as well as beaver hunting.
-snip-
By the early 1680s there were at least a half-dozen Iroquois villages established on the north shore of Lake Ontario and into the interior.
From The Ojibwa of Southern Ontario by Peter S Schmalz, University of Toronto Press
The Algonquins were still doing their seasonal rounds. I think it was a matter of ensuring that 'our Indians were tougher than their Indians' as far as the English/Dutch went. Both sides were using each other as proxies.
Originally posted by ProtoplasmicTraveler
reply to post by JohnnyCanuck
No doubt the Indians warred over hunting grounds from time to time, as their tribes grew, or during lean seasons before the Christians arrived.
But that intensified because the Christians became a whole new market, for much more expanded trade. As their customer base expanded, so too did they need to expand their hunting grounds to get the furs.
When it was just an Indian only market I doubt that kind of intense pressure to over hunt and trap was on.
The truth is they would probably all still be here, if Christians hadn't shown up on the scene.
And you are right the French gave them Cognac not Whiskey!
Oh and truffles and soufles too!
And really tasty pastries!
And o cotoure fashions!
And doileys!
It was the doileys they would really kill for!
Originally posted by ProtoplasmicTraveler
And you are right the French gave them Cognac not Whiskey!
Oh and truffles and soufles too!
And really tasty pastries!
And o cotoure fashions!
And doileys!
It was the doileys they would really kill for!
Originally posted by masqua
Originally posted by JohnnyCanuck
I donno...the Huron still had the North Shore of Ontario, and a farming economy as well.
Not so.
In the fifty-year period between 1651 and 1701, southern Ontario went through three stages of population shift. In the first stage (the1650s to 1689s), after the dispersal of the Hurons and their allies, the area was used as an Iroquois hunting ground. In the second stage (the 1670s and 1689s), Iroquois settlements were established for the purpose of agricultural production as well as beaver hunting.-snip-
Originally posted by JohnnyCanuck
The Algonquins were still doing their seasonal rounds. I think it was a matter of ensuring that 'our Indians were tougher than their Indians' as far as the English/Dutch went. Both sides were using each other as proxies.
You're making the Beaver War sound a bit smallish when in fact is was a huge conflict.
Originally posted by JohnnyCanuck
I find that there is a 'pan-Indian' (if I may borrow American terminology) tendency to diminish the culpability of the First Nations in all of this. "Sure the Iroquois slaughtered the Huron...but the Europeans made them."
I simply don't buy that. It didn't fly at Nuremberg, and it didn't fly in New France.
Originally posted by masqua
The Europeans did aid in upsetting the balance created over previous centuries by suddenly selling guns to one group and not to the other.
I believe it was done purposely and hence a conspiracy to eradicate and displace large numbers of people. Genocide by proxy, if you will.
Originally posted by JohnnyCanuckI will disagree on that count, as the First Nations were an integral part of the economic process. The Albany traders supported their proxies by selling them guns. The Montreal traders did not. Yes that upset the balance, but I don't see that as a mutually agreed upon policy. Eradication did not matter til settlement and a requirement for that other resource...land.
The French occupied three regions of the New World: (1) Eastern Canada, (2) Louisiana and the Mississippi Valley, some of the lesser Antilles and Guiana in eastern South America.
www.newadvent.org...
Early in the 17th century some Puritan groups separated from the Church of England. Among these were the Pilgrims, who in 1620 founded Plymouth Colony. Ten years later, under the auspices of the Massachusetts Bay Company, the first major Puritan migration to New England took place. The Puritans brought strong religious impulses to bear in all colonies north of Virginia, but New England was their stronghold, and the Congregationalist churches established there were able to perpetuate their viewpoint about a Christian society for more than 200 years.
mb-soft.com...
Those tribes whose sway were most extensive when America was first discovered were:
•in North America, the Iroquois League in what is now the State of New York; they had organized for the purpose of plunder and devastation and were just then extending their destructive forays;
www.newadvent.org...
The best-known of the early Jesuit Missions is the heroic failure of St. Jean de Brébeuf and his companions in Huronia. They had hoped to establish a Church there that would be at once fully Catholic and fully Huron. At Ste-Marie, in 1639, they built "a house of prayer and a home of peace," a community where white and aboriginal people were to dwell together in harmony, where the rites and traditions of both Europeans and Hurons could be strengthened and enriched by the values of the Gospel. But their plans got caught up in tribal warfare, in the intrigues of the French and English courts, in the politics of the fur and brandy trades. They were destroyed by those they most wanted to serve. Eight have been canonized: Jean de Brébeuf, Isaac Jogues, Gabriel Lalement, Antoine Daniel, Charles Garnier, Noel Chabanel, Réne Goupil, and Jean de la Lande; and many others, including their native friends Joseph Chiwatenhwa and Kateri Tekakwitha, continued to inspire missionaries down to the present day.
www.jesuits.ca...
Originally posted by masqua
Consider then the mutual resource of the missionaries. PT loves to bring all things back to Rome and, in a way, the Catholic Church did play both sides against the middle.
Originally posted by masqua
reply to post by BobAthome
You're forgetting about that little battle on the Plains of Abraham around fifty years later.
A lot of Frenchmen prefer to forget about it too.