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JetBlue is a low cost airline that operates a fleet of 110 Airbus A320-200s and 41 Embraer
190s. Because of their homogeneous fleet, Jetblue is a good airline for cost comparison.
By assuming a passenger and luggage mass of 113 kg each, JetBlue’s 21.9M
passengers in 2008 equal 2.48 million tonnes flown a year. Multiplying this by
their average stage length of 1,820 km (1,120 mi), JetBlue flew 4,508 million
tonne-kilometers in 2008.
Geoengineering represents 7% of the JetBlue tonnekilometers
per year and this is the factor used to scale JetBlue costs for comparison
people.ucalgary.ca...
This study focuses on airplane and airship operations to the stratosphere to release a geoengineering payload with the goal of reducing incoming solar flux. Airships are also considered for this mission. To provide a comparison to conventional aircraft operations, more exotic concepts such as rockets, guns, and suspended pipes are also examined….For maximum cooling impact, the particulate payloads are best placed near the equator.
This study assumes that the payload is released within latitudes 30°N and 30°S, though North-South basing location had minimal effect on cost. Transit operations, flying East- West between equally spaced bases around the equator, were examined as a method to ensure adequate dispersal of the payload around the equator. Global winds aid in East-West dispersal so a smaller number of bases and shorter range systems (referred to as Regional operations) can be employed with minimal impact on dispersal. Region- al operations allow the dispersal leg length to be dictated by the desired release rate of 0.03kg/m flown. This means the airplanes fly no further than they have to, on the order of 300-800 km, and fuel costs are minimized.” – Aurora Flight Sciences: Geoengineering Final report Yearly cost estimates from different dispersal methods ranged from over 1 billion dollars a year all the way up to rocket dispersed aerosol in the upper atmosphere at the cost of over 100 billion dollars per year.
Regional dispersal from several bases provides fuel cost savings and particulate is
spread globally via winds. A notional basing strategy is shown (Figure 4) with arrows
indicating the direction prevailing winds will carry the released particulate.
Care is taken to choose bases capable of supporting high-tempo geoengineering operations
and with the land available to allow any ramp or hanger expansion necessary.
It should be noted that the costs of any facility improvement are not included in the cost
analysis presented in subsequent sections.
DHL recently built a state-of-the-art Central Asia Cargo Hub at Hong Kong Airport, the faculty is designed to handle 2.6M tonnes annually and required investment of approximately $1B.8
For aircraft operations, fuel burn is estimated using the mission profile shown
This study focuses on airplane and airship operations to the stratosphere to release a geoengineering payload with the goal of reducing incoming solar flux.
Originally posted by Phage
reply to post by pianopraze
Heck of a case.
I don't see anything about "secret bases" in the report. But I do see that they conclude blimps would be the most cost effective vehicle to be used. Has anyone seen any blimps laying out "chemtrails"?
Another proposal waiting for something to happen.
Originally posted by burntheships
people.ucalgary.ca...edit on 4-3-2011 by burntheships because: format
Most studies of geoengineering focus on the release of SO2
or H2S gas into the stratosphere where over time (~1 month), they are converted to
condensable H2SO4. Recent work by Pierce et al has shown that directly emitting
H2SO4 allows better control of particle size6 and therefore more effective reflection of
incoming flux.
Recent work by Pierce et al has shown that directly emitting H2SO4 allows better control of particle size6 and therefore more effective reflection of incoming flux.
Concentrated sulfuric acid reacts with sodium chloride, and gives hydrogen chloride gas and sodium bisulfate:
NaCl + H2SO4 → NaHSO4 + HCl
ibid
These reactions may be taken as typical: the hot concentrated acid generally acts as an oxidizing agent
Apart from that, sulfuric acid is a constituent of acid rain, which is formed by atmospheric oxidation of sulfur dioxide in the presence of water – i.e., oxidation of sulfurous acid. Sulfur dioxide is the main byproduct produced when sulfur-containing fuels such as coal or oil are burned.
Originally posted by burntheships
Most studies of geoengineering focus on the release of SO2
or H2S gas into the stratosphere where over time (~1 month), they are converted to
condensable H2SO4. Recent work by Pierce et al has shown that directly emitting
H2SO4 allows better control of particle size6 and therefore more effective reflection of
incoming flux.
people.ucalgary.ca...
Originally posted by pianopraze
reply to post by burntheships
This is from your quote:
Recent work by Pierce et al has shown that directly emitting H2SO4 allows better control of particle size6 and therefore more effective reflection of incoming flux.
H2SO4 is sulfuric acid! link.
These guys are batpoop crazy!
This stuff interacts will all sorts of chemicals and creates all sorts of compounds (wiki source above):
Concentrated sulfuric acid reacts with sodium chloride, and gives hydrogen chloride gas and sodium bisulfate:
NaCl + H2SO4 → NaHSO4 + HCl
This is leathal poison gas!
ibid
These reactions may be taken as typical: the hot concentrated acid generally acts as an oxidizing agent
Option 1: Increasing Sulfur Content of Jet Fuel in Commercial Fleet
This option involves increasing the sulfur content of jet fuel for the commercial fleet of jet aircraft (around 20,000 planes today) from 0.04% to 0.6 and increasing to 0.9% by 2050. Sulfur dioxide gas is emitted in the turbine exhaust and ideally, nearly all of it converted to sulfuric acid gas and then to sulfuric acid aerosol. The sulfuric acid aerosol floats around in the stratosphere for 1-2 years and reflects sunlight. The level in jet fuel is raised each year to match increased greenhouse gas emissions.
www.usatoday.com...
geoengineering could happen before a global climate treaty ever passes the U.S. Senate, suggests Victor. International climate talks rest on getting 192 self-interested and short-sighted nations to cooperate in ways that will benefit some and cost others, particularly coal-powered ones such as the United States and China. But with geoengineering, you only need one nation to start "hacking," or geoengineering, the planet.
"It would be not at all surprising to wake up one morning and discover that Chinese testing (of geoengineering) has begun on a large scale," Victor says. "That would freak everyone out and create huge international tensions."
No international treaty governs geoengineering, other than a 2008 amendment to ocean pollution agreements limiting ocean fertilization to research studies.