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The builders of the great pyramids used a variety of tools, knotted cords for measuring, sleds and rocker devices for moving large stone blocks. (Figures 1.141 – 1.145) In order to quarry the Tura limestone they cut channels into the rock using balls of dolerite, an extremely hard igneous rock that they pounded into the limestone with large wooden mallets. Then they used levers to loosen the stone from its base. The workers had no pulleys or wheels to move the stone. Yet the blocks weighed up to 70 tons each. It is likely that they moved these stones by pushing and pulling them along on sleds over wood rollers. (Figure 1.146) This was labor intensive work but time and manpower were no problem. During the annual flooding period, labor was plentiful because the fields were flooded and could not be farmed. Also, the flooding was an advantage in transporting the stone blocks. Most of the limestone for building the great pyramids was quarried on the west side of the Nile in the immediate vicinity of the pyramids. The casing stones, however, were of a higher quality limestone, known as Tura limestone, which was plentiful on the east side of the Nile. This stone could be given a high polish with dolerite and abrasive powder so that its whiteness showed brilliantly in the sunlight. When quarried, the Tura limestone was loaded on barges to be ferried to the construction site on the other side. When the river flooded, it was closer to both the quarrying and construction sites and floating the stones on the river on barges was a much easier way to move the stone blocks than pulling and pushing them on rollers. Stone loses one third of its weight to buoyancy. Most of this Tura limestone casing on the great pyramids was stripped beginning in the 10th century AD to provide stone for the most important mosques in Cairo.
Originally posted by Gorman91
reply to post by Byrd
Humans as they are today are actually 50,000 years old. The human form, as it is today, is 200,000 years old. Confused?
The human brain and behavior, as it is today, evolved 50,000 years ago. Body came before brain.
As I said, I was dumb. A shoe is likely to have been made when those first humans left Africa 50,000 years ago. Though who knows if they will ever find them. All I know is it would have been hard to travel the world without shoes.
Originally posted by Gorman91
reply to post by GallopingFish
For all intensive purposes,
Originally posted by Gorman91
reply to post by Byrd
Not a problem.
But it is actually new science.
The human species is 50,000 years old. It's called "behavior modernity"
Basically, behavior modernity is the earliest common ancestor that acted like a human. This person is from 50,000 years ago.
en.wikipedia.org...
Source- Wikipedia.org
Natural formation
Some of those who have studied the formation, such as geologist Robert Schoch of Boston University, state that it is most likely a natural formation. Schoch observes that the sandstones that make up the Yonaguni formation "contain numerous well-defined, parallel bedding planes along which the layers easily separate. The rocks of this group are also criss-crossed by numerous sets of parallel and vertical (relative to the horizontal bedding planes of the rocks) joints and fractures. Yonaguni lies in an earthquake-prone region; such earthquakes tend to fracture the rocks in a regular manner."[5][15] He also observes that on the northeast coast of Yonaguni there are regular formations similar to those seen at the Monument.[5][16] Schoch also believes that the "drawings" identified by Kimura are natural scratches on the rocks.[15] This is also the view of John Anthony West.[3] Other examples of natural formations with flat faces and sharp straight edges are the basalt columns of the Giant's Causeway and the natural staircase formation on Old Rag Mountain.[17]