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Originally posted by nh_ee
but became one of the most highly decorated fighter squadrons in WWII, by never losing a single US bomber to enemy fighters throughout the entire war.
Facts do not accumulate on the blank slates of researchers' minds and data simply do not speak for themselves.1 Good science inevitably embodies a tension between the empiricism of concrete data and the rationalism of deeply held convictions. Unbiased interpretation of data is as important as performing rigorous experiments. This evaluative process is never totally objective or completely independent of scientists' convictions or theoretical apparatus. This article elaborates on an insight of Vandenbroucke, who noted that "facts and theories remain inextricably linked... At the cutting edge of scientific progress, where new ideas develop, we will never escape subjectivity."2 Interpretation can produce sound judgments or systematic error. Only hindsight will enable us to tell which has occurred. Nevertheless, awareness of the systematic errors that can occur in evaluative processes may facilitate the self regulating forces of science and help produce reliable knowledge sooner rather than later.
He claimed genes responsible for creating differences in human intelligence could be found within a decade.
The work was heavily criticised across the world, in particular by leading scientists who described it as a work of "scientific racism".
the Labour chairman of the Home Affairs Select Committee, said: "It is sad to see a scientist of such achievement making such baseless, unscientific and extremely offensive comments. I am sure the scientific community will roundly reject what appear to be Dr Watson's personal prejudices.
"These comments serve as a reminder of the attitudes which can still exists at the highest professional levels."
"To many in the scientific community, Watson has long been something of a wild man, and his colleagues tend to hold their collective breath whenever he veers from the script."
In 1997, he told a British newspaper that a woman should have the right to abort her unborn child if tests could determine it would be homosexual
"This is Watson at his most scandalous. He has said similar things about women before but I have never heard him get into this racist terrain. If he knew the literature in the subject he would know he was out of his depth scientifically, quite apart from socially and politically."
The human species may be varied on the outside, but inside, at the genetic level, we're all the same. Race is a social affliction that the best of us seems to find a difficult hurdle to get over. There is more evidence that race is a byproduct of our environment, not our genes. Our environment determines how our genes express themselves --
In 1997, he told a British newspaper that a woman should have the right to abort her unborn child if tests could determine it would be homosexual
Source
He did measure brain size and cranial capacity of blacks and whites, but failed to find any significant differences in his measurements. Bean introduced other factors - sex and social class - to account for his failure to find a difference in brain size.
Source
Bean's mentor, Franklin P. Mall, who had initially encouraged the study, thought the data were too good, and became suspicious. He therefore made his own comparisons of brains from blacks and whites, and failed to find any difference, even though he performed the same measurements as Bean, and his sample contained 18 brains - 8 from blacks and 10 from whites - used by Bean himself. Of those 18 specimens, Beans measurements of the genu were larger than Moll's for 7 out of 10 of the brains from whites, but for only 1 out of 8 of the brains from blacks.
Race and intelligence have in some cases been claimed to be correlated. Contemporary debate on this issue focuses on the nature, causes, and rectifications of ethnic differences in intelligence test scores. The question of the relative roles of nature and nurture in causing individual and group differences in cognitive ability is seen as fundamental to understanding the debate.[1] This is controversial [2][3][4] because theories and hypotheses on racial differences in intelligence are based on correlations in test score and socio-economic achievement differences and not on genetic or neural evidence, [5] and correlation does not prove causation. Genome projects and other biological studies have found no genetic differences which cause differences in intelligence capacity or differences in neural wiring between humans based on race.
Originally posted by B.A.C.
This isn't really a new idea. In fact in the past most scientists thought this was true.
I don't think it has any relevance, look at all the great things black people have done. Whether they score lower on IQ tests or not, hasn't inhibited their abilities. I think this may be due to environment and stuff like that.
Originally posted by Retseh
...But he arrived at a socially unacceptable conclusion on a taboo subject...
Every criticism levelled against him focused on the racial aspect of his statement, and not on his scientific process or the validity of his data.
He claimed genes responsible for creating differences in human intelligence could be found within a decade.
He writes that “there is no firm reason to anticipate that the intellectual capacities of peoples geographically separated in their evolution should prove to have evolved identically.
Our wanting to reserve equal powers of reason as some universal heritage of humanity will not be enough to make it so”.
The "wait and see" part is really waiting for genetic/social evolution to prove out his hypothesis
His comments, however, although seemingly unguarded, are always calculated. Not maliciously, but with the mischievous air of a great mind hoping to be challenged. I ask him how he placates those he offends. “I try to use humour or whatever I can to indicate that I understand other people having other views,” he explains.
To paraphrase Einstein - Science has no limits, only human stupidity.
Originally posted by Retseh
reply to post by Spiramirabilis
I know we agree on the point of unrestricted scientific research, but I remember this story when it originally broke, and the empirical evidence I referred to was his library of IQ test results which he referred to in the first article published on what he said:
entertainment.timesonline.co.uk...
[EX]He says that he is “inherently gloomy about the prospect of Africa” because “all our social policies are based on the fact that their intelligence is the same as ours – whereas all the testing says not really” [/EX]
The "wait and see" part is really waiting for genetic/social evolution to prove out his hypothesis.
But back to my main point, if scientific testing proves that I am genetically inferior to Asian people in terms of basic intelligence, I would be eager to understand why that genetic difference exists, and not spend my time calling the researcher a racist.
To paraphrase Einstein - Science has no limits, only human stupidity.
To paraphrase Einstein - Science has no limits, only human stupidity.