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"These calderas tend to go up and down, up and down," he said. "But every once in a while they burp, creating hydrothermal explosions, earthquakes, or—ultimately—they can produce volcanic eruptions."
Dynamics and rapid migration of the energetic 2008-2009 Yellowstone Lake earthquake swarm
Farrell, Jamie; Smith, Robert B.; Taira, Taka'aki; Chang, Wu-Lung; Puskas, Christine M.
Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 37, Issue 19, CiteID L19305
Yellowstone National Park experienced an unusual earthquake swarm in December-January, 2008-2009 that included rapid northward migration of the activity at 1 km per day and shallowing of the maximum focal depths from 12 to 2 km beneath northern Yellowstone Lake. The swarm consisted of 811 earthquakes, 0.5 < MW < 4.1, aligned on a N-S 12-km-long vertical plane of hypocenters. The largest earthquake of the swarm had a 50% tensile crack-opening source determined by a full waveform inversion that we interpret as a magmatic expansion component. In addition, GPS data revealed E-W crustal extension coincident with the swarm. Modeling of GPS and seismic data is consistent with E-W opening of ˜10 cm on a N-S striking vertical dike. Our interpretation is that the swarm was induced by magmatic fluid migration or propagation of a poroelastic stress pulse along a pre-existing fracture zone.