I am not a scholar of Tibetan history, particularly modern Tibetan history, but through long association with Vajrayana Buddhism I have been exposed
to the Tibetan story over the years.
I believe it is true that the CIA were training and infiltrating Tibetan operatives into Tibet during part of the late 1950's to about 1965. I
believe this started after an orgy of destruction in Kham (eastern Tibet) of monasteries and the like.
www.asianamericanmedia.org...
www.friendsoftibet.org...
en.wikipedia.org...
Many of these operatives were Khampas. Khampas are the Tibetan speaking people from eastern Tibet. There were also Hui Muslims among them.
To say that the Khampas are a strong and combative people doesn't do them justice. When the Chinese started to sneak into Tibet in the early 1950's
they ran into the Khampas first.
This is not the place to discuss the matter in detail, but at that time the Khampas regarded themselves as an independant territory. I'm not sure
they would go so far as to say 'country' but like an autonomous region within Tibet. They are largely Kagyud buddhists, disciples of the Karmapa
Lama, rather than Gelug buddhists, who are disciples of the Dalai Lama.
When it became apparent to the Khampas that something more than a casual border crossing rave was going on, the Khampas sent diplomats to Lhasa to
inform the Dalai Lama's government what was going on and to request assistance, because they were having trouble holding back the Chinese Army by
themselves.
The reaction in Lhasa was a kind of sly,
"You're independant. That's a Khampa problem. It has nothing to do with us." The Khampas went back
to war, empty handed.
They were the victim of their own politics because they had allied themselves, earlier with Chiang Kai Shek's Kuomintang as a way of keeping the
Central Tibetans (from U and Tsang, the regions around Lhasa) off their backs. (Just as an aside, this region of the world is very independance and
freedom oriented and known for shifting power plays and alliances.)
Eventually the Khampas were overrun and the guerilla war started, marked by all the nastiness and heroism associated with that kind of activity. (One
story I heard told of a Khampa lady taking a Chinese general off a rope bridge into a gorge.)
The Chinese invasion was something of a nation building one for the Tibetans because it united all the Tibetan speaking people in common cause against
the invaders. When the Dalai Lama finally fled Tibet in 1959, he was under Khampa guerilla escort to safety.
In the period referred to above ('56 to '65) the CIA were parachuting the Khampas (and I am sure, tough Central Tibetans) back in. There is some bad
feeling toward the US even today because the Tibetans were finally abandoned by the US when China started to attempt to improve diplomatic relations
with the US.
Melvin Goldstein's, History of Modern Tibet, is one well researched book on the subject, but of course it should be supplemented with different
viewpoints.
I had to edit this post extensively to correct my faulty grasp of the timeline involved.
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