Interesting facts by Wikipedia.org on the Rigveda:
Rigveda Facts - Wikipedia
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The Rigveda (Sanskrit: a tatpurusha compound of "praise, verse" and veda "knowledge") is an ancient Indian religious book, that is a collection
of Vedic Sanskrit hymns dedicated to Rigvedic deities. It is counted among the four Hindu sacred texts (shruti) known as the Vedas. Based on internal
evidence (philological and linguistic), the Rigveda was composed roughly between 1700–1100 BCE (the early Vedic period) in the Punjab (Sapta Sindhu)
region of the Indian subcontinent,[1] putting it among the world's oldest religious texts, as well as among the oldest texts of any Indo-European
language. It was preserved in India over centuries by oral tradition alone and was probably not put in writing until Late Antiquity or even the early
Middle Ages.[2]
There are strong linguistic and cultural similarities between the Rigveda and the early Iranian Avesta, deriving from the Proto-Indo-Iranian times,
often associated with the early Andronovo culture of ca. 2000 BC.
Today, this text is revered by Hindus around the world, primarily in India and Nepal. Its verses are recited at prayers, religious functions and other
auspicious occasions..............
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Dating and Historical Reconstruction
The Rigveda is far more archaic than any other Indo-Aryan text. For this reason, it was in the center of attention of western scholarship from the
times of Max Müller. The Rigveda records an early stage of Vedic religion, still closely tied to the pre-Zoroastrian Persian religion. It is thought
that Zoroastrianism and Vedic Hinduism evolved from an earlier common religious Indo-Iranian culture.
The Rigveda's core is accepted to date to the late Bronze Age, making it the only example of Bronze Age literature with an unbroken tradition. Its
composition is usually dated to roughly between 1700–1100 BC.[5] The text in the following centuries underwent pronunciation revisions and
standardization (samhitapatha, padapatha). This redaction would have been completed around the 7th century BC.[6]
Writing appears in India around the 5th century BC in the form of the Brahmi script, but texts of the length of the Rigveda were likely not written
down until much later, the oldest surviving manuscript dating to the 11th century. While written manuscripts were used for teaching in medieval times,
they were written on bark or palm leaves, which decomposed quicker in the tropical climate, until the advent of the printing press from the 16th
century. The hymns were thus preserved by oral tradition for up to a millennium from the time of their composition until the redaction of the Rigveda,
and the entire Rigveda was preserved in shakhas for another 2,500 years from the time of its redaction until the editio princeps by Müller, a
collective feat of preservation unparalleled in any other known society.
Puranic literature names Vidagdha as the author of the Padapatha.[7] Other scholars argue that Sthavira Shakalya of the Aitareya Aranyaka is the
padakara of the RV.[8] After their composition, the texts were preserved and codified by a vast body of Vedic priesthood as the central philosophy of
the Iron Age Vedic civilization.
The Rigveda describes a mobile, nomadic culture, with horse-drawn chariots and metal (bronze) weapons. The geography described is consistent with that
of the Punjab: Rivers flow north to south, the mountains are relatively remote but still reachable (Soma is a plant found in the mountains, and it has
to be purchased, imported by merchants). Nevertheless, the hymns were certainly composed over a long period, with the oldest elements possibly
reaching back to times close to the split of Proto-Indo-Iranian (around 2000 BC)[9] Thus there is some debate over whether the boasts of the
destruction of stone forts by the Vedic Aryans and particularly by Indra refer to cities of the Indus Valley civilization or whether they hark back to
clashes between the early Indo-Aryans with the BMAC in what is now northern Afghanistan and southern Turkmenistan (separated from the upper Indus by
the Hindu Kush mountain range, and some 400 km distant). In any case, while it is highly likely that the bulk of the Rigveda was composed in the
Punjab, even if based on earlier poetic traditions, there is no mention of either tigers or rice[10] in the Rigveda (as opposed to the later Vedas),
suggesting that Vedic culture only penetrated into the plains of India after its completion. Similarly, it is assumed that there is no mention of iron
although the term ayas (metal) occurs in the Rig Veda. [11] The Iron Age in northern India begins in the 12th century BC with the Black and Red Ware
(BRW) culture. This is a widely accepted timeframe for the beginning codification of the Rigveda (i.e. the arrangement of the individual hymns in
books, and the fixing of the samhitapatha (by applying Sandhi) and the padapatha (by dissolving Sandhi) out of the earlier metrical text), and the
composition of the younger Vedas. This time probably coincides with the early Kuru kingdom, shifting the center of Vedic culture east from the Punjab
into what is now Uttar Pradesh.
Some of the names of gods and goddesses found in the Rigveda are found amongst other belief systems based on Proto-Indo-European religion as well:
Dyaus-Pita is cognate with Greek Zeus, Latin Jupiter (from deus-pater), and Germanic Tyr; while Mitra is cognate with Persian Mithra; also, Ushas with
Greek Eos and Latin Aurora; and, less certainly, Varuna with Greek Uranos. Finally, Agni is cognate with Latin ignis and Russian ogon, both meaning
"fire".
Some writers have traced astronomical references[2] in the Rigveda dating it to as early as 4000 BC[12], a date well within the Indian Neolithic.
Claims of such evidence remain controversial. [13] but are a key factor in the development of the Proto-Vedic Continuity theory.
N. Kazanas [14] in a polemic against the "Aryan Invasion Theory" suggests a date as early as 3100 BC, based on an identification of the early
Rigvedic Sarasvati River as the Ghaggar-Hakra and on glottochronological arguments. Being a polemic against mainstream scholarship, this is in
diametral opposition to views in mainstream historical linguistics, and supports the controversial Out of India theory, which assumes a date as late
as 3000 BC for the age of late Proto-Indo-European itself.
It has been observed that the earliest extant chariot found dates to at most 2100 BCE (Sintashta-Petrovka, southern Urals), while the earliest
Harappan seals showing a man over spoked wheels (possibly symbolizing chariots) can be dated no older than 1960 BCE. The references to chariots
therefore limit the historical context to approximately 2000 BCE or less. This is further validated by the oldest acceptable dated horse remains in
India (not ass or onager) being no older than circa 2000 BCE. Therefore from the archeological evidence any date earlier than 2000 BCE should be
considered speculative.
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I think this is pretty amazing. I'm going to have to read the Rigveda translation.
It seems as though these could be sources documenting observed aircrafts that were not of a foreign source. Don't know if that means
extraterrestrial saucer type craft, or a craft from somewhere else on Earth.
The details behind these scripts is almost unbelievable. These descriptions of flying craft would have been an incredible thought in the 1800's AD,
and to think they are far far older.
[edit on 5/14/2007 by infinite8]