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The Knights Templer is now part of the Masonic and Rosecrution Orders, however it started out as a Military Order of the Catholic Church. It was
started after the first Crusade in 1118, during the reign of Baldwin II, Hugues de Payens, a knight of Champagne, and eight of his companions. They
swore a vow to protect Jerusalem and those christians who made pilgrimages to the holy sites. Since they protected the palace and the temple mount in
Jerusalem, they were known by there French name: "pauvres chevaliers du temple" (Poor Knights of the Temple) later shortened to Knights Templer.
They started out poor, collecting Alms for food, however they eventually recieved protection from the Cistercians, adopted the Rule of St. Benedict,
and was protected by the popes, who took them under their immediate protection, exempting them from all other jurisdiction, episcopal or secular.
Their property was assimilated to the church estates and exempted from all taxation, even from the ecclesiastical tithes, while their churches and
cemeteries could not be placed under interdict.
As the grandson of St. Louis, the French King, Philip the Fair could not remain indifferent to these proposals. A powerful prince of his time,
demanded it was necesary for the suppression of the Templars so that France could aquire taxes from their estates. Even on this supposition he needed
a pretext, for he could not, without sacrilege, lay hands on their possessions that formed part of the ecclesiastical domain. To justify such a course
the sanction of the Church was necessary, and this the king could obtain only by maintaining the sacred purpose for which the possessions were
destined. Admitting that he was sufficiently powerful to encroach upon the property of the Templars in France, he still needed the concurrence of the
Church to secure control of their possessions in the other countries of Christendom. Such was the purpose of the wily negotiations of this self-willed
and cunning sovereign, and of his still more treacherous counsellors, with Clement V, a French pope. Philip's prosecution of the Templars as
heretics, afforded him the opportunity which he desired to invoke the action of the Holy See.
Philip the Fair made a preliminary inquiry, and, on the strength of so-called revelations of a few unworthy and degraded members, secret orders were
sent throughout France to arrest all the Templars on the same day (13 October, 1307), and to submit them to a most rigorous examination. The king did
this, it was made to appear, at the request of the ecclesiastical inquisitors, but in reality without their co-operation.
In this inquiry torture, the use of which was authorized by the cruel procedure of the age in the case of crimes committed without witnesses, was
pitilessly employed. Owing to the lack of evidence, the accused could be convicted only through their own confession and, to extort this confession,
the use of torture was considered necessary and legitimate.
There was one feature in the organization of the order which gave rise to suspicion, namely the secrecy with which the rites of initiation were
conducted. The secrecy is explained by the fact that the receptions always took place in a chapter, and the chapters, owing to the delicate and grave
questions discussed, were, and necessarily had to be, held in secret. An indiscretion in the matter of secrecy entailed exclusion from the order. The
secrecy of these initiations, however, had two grave disadvantages.
As these receptions could take place wherever there was a commandery, they were carried on without publicity and were free from all surveillance or
control from the higher authorities, the tests being entrusted to the discretion of subalterns who were often rough and uncultivated. Under such
conditions, it is not to be wondered at that abuses crept in. One need only recall what took place almost daily at the time in the brotherhoods of
artisans, the initiation of a new member being too often made the occasion for a parody more or less sacrilegious of baptism or of the Mass.
The second disadvantage of this secrecy was, that it gave an opportunity to the enemies of the Templars, and they were numerous, to infer from this
mystery every conceivable malicious supposition and base on it the monstrous imputations. The Templars were accused of spitting upon the Cross, of
denying Christ, of permitting sodomy, of worshipping an idol, all in the most impenetrable secrecy. Such were the Middle Ages, when prejudice was so
vehement that, to destroy an adversary, men did not recoil from inventing the most criminal charges. It will suffice to recall the similar, but even
more ridiculous than ignominious accusations brought against Pope Boniface VIII by the same Philip the Fair.
Most of the accused declared themselves guilty of these secret crimes after being subjected to such ferocious torture that many of them succumbed.
Some made similar confessions without the use of torture, it is true, but through fear of it; the threat had been sufficient. Such was the case with
the grand master himself, Jacques de Molay, who acknowledged later that he had lied to save his life.
The Rosacrution Order uses Jacques de Molay as their modern founder.
Carried on without the authorization of the pope, who had the military orders under his immediate jurisdiction, this investigation was radically
corrupt both as to its intent and as to its procedure. Not only did Clement V enter an energetic protest, but he annulled the entire trial and
suspended the powers of the bishops and their inquisitors. However, the offense had been admitted and remained the irrevocable basis of the entire
subsequent proceedings. Philip the Fair took advantage of the discovery to have bestowed upon himself by the University of Paris the title of Champion
and Defender of the Faith, and also to stir up public opinion at the States General of Tours against the heinous crimes of the Templars. Moreover, he
succeeded in having the confessions of the accused confirmed in presence of the pope by seventy-two Templars, who had been specially chosen and
coached beforehand. In view of this investigation at Poitiers (June, 1308), the pope, until then sceptical, at last became concerned and opened a new
commission, the procedure of which he himself directed. He reserved the cause of the order to the papal commission, leaving individuals to be tried by
the diocesan commissions to whom he restored their powers.
The second phase of the process was the papal inquiry, which was not restricted to France, but extended to all the Christian countries of Europe, and
even to the Orient. In most of the other countries -- Portugal, Spain, Germany, Cyprus -- the Templars were found innocent; in Italy, except for a few
districts, the decision was the same. But in France the episcopal inquisitions, resuming their activities, took the facts as established at the trial,
and confined themselves to reconciling the repentant guilty members, imposing various canonical penances extending even to perpetual imprisonment.
Only those who persisted in heresy were to be turned over to the secular arm, but, by a rigid interpretation of this provision, those who had
withdrawn their former confessions were considered relapsed heretics; thus fifty-four Templars who had recanted after having confessed were condemned
as relapsed and publicly burned on 12 May, 1310. Subsequently all the other Templars, who had been examined at the trial, with very few exceptions
declared themselves guilty.
At the same time the papal commission, appointed to examine the cause of the order, had entered upon its duties and gathered together the documents
which were to be submitted to the pope, and to the general council called to decide as to the final fate of the order. The culpability of single
persons, which was looked upon as established, did not involve the guilt of the order. Although the defense of the order was poorly conducted, it
could not be proved that the order as a body professed any heretical doctrine, or that a secret rule, distinct from the official rule, was practised.
Consequently, at the General Council of Vienne in Dauphin� on 16 October, 1311, the majority were favourable to the maintenance of the order.
The pope, irresolute and harrassed, finally adopted a middle course: he decreed the dissolution, not the condemnation of the order, and not by penal
sentence, but by an Apostolic Decree (Bull of 22 March, 1312). The order having been suppressed, the pope himself was to decide as to the fate of its
members and the disposal of its possessions. As to the property, it was turned over to the rival Order of Hospitallers to be applied to its original
use, namely the defence of the Holy Places. In Portugal, however, and in Aragon the possessions were vested in two new orders, the Order of Christ in
Portugal and the Order of Montesa in Aragon. As to the members, the Templars recognized guiltless were allowed either to join another military order
or to return to the secular state. In the latter case, a pension for life, charged to the possessions of the order, was granted them. On the other
hand, the Templars who had pleaded guilty before their bishops were to be treated "according to the rigours of justice, tempered by a generous
mercy".
The pope reserved to his own jugment the cause of the grand master and his three first dignitaries. They had confessed their guilt; it remained to
reconcile them with the Church, after they had testified to their repentance with the customary solemnity. To give this solemnity more publicity, a
platform was erected in front of the Notre-Dame for the reading of the sentence. But at the supreme moment the grand master recovered his courage and
proclaimed the innocence of the Templars and the falsity of his own alleged confessions. To atone for this deplorable moment of weakness, he declared
himself ready to sacrifice his life. He knew the fate that awaited him. Immediately after this unexpected coup-de-th��tre he was arrested as a
relapsed heretic with another dignitary who chose to share his fate, and by order of Philip they were burned at the stake before the gates of the
palace. This brave death deeply impressed the people, and, as it happened that the pope and the king died shortly afterwards, the legend spread that
the grand master in the midst of the flames had summoned them both to appear in the course of the year before the tribunal of God.
Such was the tragic end of the Templars.