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Published: 24 December 2009
A strong, highly-tilted interstellar magnetic field near the Solar System
M. Opher, F. Alouani Bibi, G. Toth, J. D. Richardson, V. V. Izmodenov & T. I. Gombosi
Abstract
Magnetic fields play an important (sometimes dominant) role in the evolution of gas clouds in the Galaxy, but the strength and orientation of the field in the interstellar medium near the heliosphere has been poorly constrained. Previous estimates of the field strength range from 1.8–2.5 μG and the field was thought to be parallel to the Galactic plane1 or inclined by 38–60° (ref. 2) or 60–90° (ref. 3) to this plane. These estimates relied either on indirect observational inferences or modelling in which the interstellar neutral hydrogen was not taken into account. Here we report measurements of the deflection of the solar wind plasma flows in the heliosheath4 to determine the magnetic field strength and orientation in the interstellar medium. We find that the field strength in the local interstellar medium is 3.7–5.5 μG. The field is tilted ∼20–30° from the interstellar medium flow direction (resulting from the peculiar motion of the Sun in the Galaxy) and is at an angle of about 30° from the Galactic plane. We conclude that the interstellar medium field is turbulent or has a distortion in the solar vicinity.
Title:
Climate determinism or Geomagnetic determinism?
Authors:
Gallet, Y.; Genevey, A.; Le Goff, M.; Fluteau, F.; Courtillot, V.
...
Abstract
A number of episodes of sharp geomagnetic field variations (in both intensity and direction), lasting on the order of a century, have been identified in archeomagnetic records from Western Eurasia and have been called "archeomagnetic jerks". These seem to correlate well with multi-decadal cooling episodes detected in the North Atlantic Ocean and Western Europe, suggesting a causal link between both phenomena. A possible mechanism could be a geomagnetic modulation of the cosmic ray flux that would control the nucleation rate of clouds. We wish to underline the remarkable coincidence between archeomagnetic jerks, cooling events in Western Europe and drought periods in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the northern hemisphere. The latter two can be interpreted in terms of global teleconnections among regional climates. It has been suggested that these climatic variations had caused major changes in the history of ancient civilizations, such as in Mesopotamia, which were critically dependent on water supply and particularly vulnerable to lower rainfall amounts. This is one of the foundations of "climate determinism". Our studies, which suggest a geomagnetic origin for at least some of the inferred climatic events, lead us to propose the idea of a geomagnetic determinism in the history of humanity.
Abstract
We report new archeointensity results from Iranian and Syrian archeological excavations dated from the second millennium BC. These high-temperature magnetization data were obtained using a laboratory-built triaxial vibrating sample magnetometer. Together with our previously published archeointensity results from Mesopotamia, we constructed a rather detailed geomagnetic field intensity variation curve for this region from 3000 BC to 0 BC. Four potential geomagnetic events (“archeomagnetic jerks”), marked by strong intensity increases, are observed and appear to be synchronous with cooling episodes in the North Atlantic. This temporal coincidence strengthens the recent suggestion that the geomagnetic field influences climate change over multi-decadal time scales, possibly through the modulation of cosmic ray flux interacting with the atmosphere.
...
Deep below our planet’s surface a molten jet of iron nearly as hot as the surface of the sun is picking up speed.
This stream of liquid has been discovered for the first time by telltale magnetic field readings 3000 kilometres below North America and Russia taken from space.
The vast jet stream some 420 kilometres wide has trebled in speed since 2000, and is now circulating westwards at between 40 and 45 kilometres per year deep under Siberia and heading towards beneath Europe (see diagram, below). That is three times faster than typical speeds of liquid in the outer core.
...
...
Livermore thinks the acceleration of the jet is down to push-back from magnetic fields. The flow of iron generates the magnetic field, but, he says, the magnetic field may then be affecting the flow of the iron.
...
www.newscientist.com...
edit on 22-6-2022 by ElectricUniverse because: add excerpt and correct links.
originally posted by: scraedtosleep
I learned in a 4th grade experiment that co2 traps heat.
Less of that in the atmosphere would be a good start.
What would you do? Nothing?
Flora around the world are sucking up 17 percent more heat-trapping gas than 30 years ago — and appear to be doing it without increasing water consumption.
By John Dyer
Published on 7/28/2017 at 3:06 PM
...
Canadell and his colleagues showed that plants are becoming more efficient at using carbon dioxide to thrive while requiring less water by tightening tiny pores called stomata that permit gas to enter without letting water out, said Canadell. “The incredible finding is that plants are able to increase carbon uptake and create biomass and carbon stock in the biomass but with barely any extra use of water,” he said.
...
ESA sees stardust storms heading for Solar System
PRESS RELEASE
Date Released: Monday, August 18, 2003
Source: Artemis Society
Until ten years ago, most astronomers did not believe stardust could enter our Solar System. Then ESA's Ulysses spaceprobe discovered minute stardust particles leaking through the Sun's magnetic shield, into the realm of Earth and the other planets. Now, the same spaceprobe has shown that a flood of dusty particles is heading our way.
...........
What is surprising in this new Ulysses discovery is that the amount of stardust has continued to increase even after the solar activity calmed down and the magnetic field resumed its ordered shape in 2001.
...
Space 29 September 2009
By David Shiga
Space radiation hits record high
Now, the influx of galactic cosmic rays into our solar system has reached a record high. Measurements by NASA's Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft indicate that cosmic rays are 19 per cent more abundant than any previous level seen since space flight began a half century ago."The space era has so far experienced a time of relatively low cosmic ray activity," says Richard Mewaldt of Caltech, who is a member of the ACE team. "We may now be returning to levels typical of past centuries."
Surprise In Earth's Upper Atmosphere: Mode Of Energy Transfer From The Solar Wind
www.sciencedaily.com
"Its like something else is heating the atmosphere besides the sun. This discovery is like finding it got hotter when the sun went down," said Larry Lyons, UCLA professor of atmospheric and oceanic sciences and a co-author of the research, which is in press in two companion papers in the Journal of Geophysical Research.
...
"We all have thought for our entire careers — I learned it as a graduate student — that this energy transfer rate is primarily controlled by the direction of the interplanetary magnetic field," Lyons said. "The closer to southward-pointing the magnetic field is, the stronger the energy transfer rate is, and the stronger the magnetic field is in that direction. If it is both southward and big, the energy transfer rate is even bigger."
However, Lyons, Kim and their colleagues analyzed radar data that measure the strength of the interaction by measuring flows in the ionosphere, the part of Earth's upper atmosphere ionized by solar radiation. The results surprised them.
"Any space physicist, including me, would have said a year ago there could not be substorms when the interplanetary magnetic field was staying northward, but that's wrong," Lyons said. "Generally, it's correct, but when you have a fluctuating interplanetary magnetic field, you can have substorms going off once per hour.
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Steve Cole
Headquarters, Washington
202-358-0918
[email protected]
Nov. 19, 2008
WASHINGTON -- Scientists announced Wednesday the discovery of a previously unidentified nearby source of high-energy cosmic rays. The finding was made with a NASA-funded balloon-borne instrument high over Antarctica.
Researchers from the Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) collaboration, led by scientists at Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, published the results in the Nov. 20 issue of the journal Nature. The new results show an unexpected surplus of cosmic ray electrons at very high energy -- 300-800 billion electron volts -- that must come from a previously unidentified source or from the annihilation of very exotic theoretical particles used to explain dark matter.
"This electron excess cannot be explained by the standard model of cosmic ray origin," said John P. Wefel, ATIC project principal investigator and a professor at Louisiana State. "There must be another source relatively near us that is producing these additional particles."
...
Posted on November 19, 2008 by Nancy Atkinson
Cosmic Rays from Mysterious Source Bombarding Earth
[/caption]
Scientists have discovered an unidentified source of high-energy cosmic rays bombarding Earth from space. They say it must be close to the solar system and it could be made of dark matter. “This is a big discovery,” says John Wefel of Louisiana State University and Principal Investigator for ATIC, Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter, a NASA funded balloon-borne instrument high over Antarctica. “It’s the first time we’ve seen a discrete source of accelerated cosmic rays standing out from the general galactic background.”
...
X-rays that don't come from any known source
NASA-funded sounding rocket solves one cosmic mystery, reveals another
Date:
September 26, 2016
Source:
NASA
Summary:
Space is filled with types of light we can't see -- from infrared signals released by hot stars and galaxies, to the cosmic microwave background. Some of this invisible light that fills space takes the form of X-rays, the source of which has been hotly contended over the past few decades. A new study confirms some ideas about where these X-rays come from, shedding light on our solar neighborhood's early history. But it also reveals a new mystery -- an entire group of X-rays that don't come from any known source.
...
However, DXL also measured some high-energy X-rays that couldn't possibly come from the solar wind or the Local Hot Bubble.
"At higher energies, these sources contribute less than a quarter of the X-ray emission," said Youaraj Uprety, lead author on the study and an astrophysicist at University of Miami at the time the research was conducted. "So there's an unknown source of X-rays in this energy range."
...
3.7–5.5 μG doesn't seem like a "very strong magnetic field" as you put it.
originally posted by: ElectricUniverse
One more thing. This Interstellar Cloud has a very strong magnetic field.
" Published: 24 December 2009
A strong, highly-tilted interstellar magnetic field near the Solar System
...We find that the field strength in the local interstellar medium is 3.7–5.5 μG... "
originally posted by: ElectricUniverse
... in space because the atoms of the cloud are so spread out there is no heat but as the atoms of the cloud hit the EArth's atmosphere they will concentrate and heat up our upper atmosphere, heating the planet more. ...
However, about your question on how will we feel this temperature on Earth? They are not felt in space the same as in a planet like Earth. In space the atoms are so spread out that it won't feel exactly like heat, but it does act a lot like radiation burns and that's one of the main problems we will have to face, because the radiation will change the dna of every living thing on Earth and we can experience radiation burns, the incidence of cancer will increase dramatically, etc, more so if the Earth's magnetic field continues to weaken as it has been doing.
The heliosphere is created by the interaction of the outward-flowing solar wind with the interstellar medium. The solar wind, traveling at speeds between ~300 and 800 km s-1, is slowed and compressed at the solar wind termination shock, located approximately 100 au from the Sun. Beyond the termination shock, the solar wind plasma continues to flow away from the Sun until it is diverted around the heliopause, the boundary separating the solar wind and interstellar plasmas. The Sun is moving with respect to the local interstellar matter, creating a comet-like heliosphere. The interstellar plasma is compressed and diverted at the heliospheric bow wave, but neutral atoms such as hydrogen, helium, oxygen, and neon can traverse inside the heliosphere and interact with the solar wind plasma via charge-exchange. These interactions create non-thermal ions that are "picked up" by the solar wind, and energetic neutral atoms that propagate ballistically through the heliosphere.
So if the heliosphere enters a hotter interstellar medium I think there would be interesting changes in the interaction at the bow shock and other parts of the heliosphere, but the impact of such a change on planets inside the heliosphere may be far less than you imagine.
The 2010–2014.3 global earthquake rate increase
Tom Parsons 1 and Eric L. Geist 1
1 U. S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California, USA
...
1. Introduction
Obvious increases in the global rate of large (M ≥ 7.0) earthquakes happened after 1992, 2010, and especially during the first quarter of 2014 (Table 1 and Figure 1). Given these high rates, along with suggestions that damaging earthquakes may be causatively linked at global distance [e.g., Gomberg and Bodin, 1994; Pollitz et al., 1998; Tzanis and Makropoulos, 2002; Bufe and Perkins, 2005; Gonzalez-Huizar et al., 2012; Pollitz et al., 2012, 2014], we investigate whether there is a significant departure from a random process underlying these rate changes. Recent studies have demonstrated that M ≥ 7.0 earthquakes (and also tsunamis) that occurred since 1900 follow a Poisson process [e.g., Michael, 2011; Geist and Parsons, 2011; Daub et al., 2012; Shearer and Stark, 2012; Parsons and Geist, 2012; Ben-Naim et al., 2013]. Here we focus on the period since 2010, which has M ≥ 7.0 rates increased by 65% and M ≥ 5.0 rates up 32% compared with the 1979 – present average. The first quarter of 2014 experienced more than double the average M ≥ 7.0 rate, enough to intrigue the news media [e.g., www.nbcnews.com...]. We extend our analysis to M ≥ 5.0 levels, as many of these lower magnitude events convey significant hazard, and global catalogs have not generally been tested down to these thresholds.
2. Methods and Data
We work with the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) catalog of M≥ 5.0 global earthquakes for the period between 1979 and 2014.3 with a primary focus on the recent interval between 2010 and 2014.3 that shows the highest earthquake rates (Table 1 and Figure 1). A variety of tests suggest that the catalog is complete down to magnitudes between M=4.6 and M=5.2, depending on the method used to assess it (see supporting information). We examine a range of lower magnitude thresholds above M =5.0 to account for this uncertainty.
...
Deep below our planet’s surface a molten jet of iron nearly as hot as the surface of the sun is picking up speed.
The vast jet stream some 420 kilometres wide has trebled in speed since 2000, and is now circulating westwards at between 40 and 45 kilometres per year deep under Siberia and heading towards beneath Europe (see diagram, below). That is three times faster than typical speeds of liquid in the outer core.
Livermore thinks the acceleration of the jet is down to push-back from magnetic fields. The flow of iron generates the magnetic field, but, he says, the magnetic field may then be affecting the flow of the iron.
...
Position: Professor of Mathematical Geophysics Areas of expertise: Applied mathematics; Geophysics; Earth's magnetic field...
originally posted by: Thrumbo
Can the effects of a hotter region of the universe be mitigated on earth, at least for some time, by drastically reducing C02 emissions?
Global warming might not be directly caused by us, but if the problem slowly begins to threaten life as we know it on Earth, changing our way of life with it may make it more bearable and livable for generations.
That's my idea anyway.
The other option is a very human behavior and thinking as well.
"It's not our fault! They lied to us! Why would we have to change our lifestyles because of something we aren't responsible for?"
originally posted by: AaarghZombies
a reply to: ElectricUniverse
This is actually pretty simple to confirm
If this is true you'd be seeing a commensurate rise in the upper most layers of the atmosphere, the ones that are widely considered to be part of outer space, rather than the breathable parts, which are beyond the range of man made pollution, with the heat generated radiating downwards.
If it is false you'd be seeing a marginal rise in the upper most layers caused by trapped heat radiating upwards.
We'd also be seeing a similar phenomena on the moon which actually has an extremely thin atmosphere (Seriously, I grew up thinking that it didn't too, but it Really Does) commensurate with it's significantly lower mass and gravity
Anyone want to run the numbers?
originally posted by: AaarghZombies
My understanding is that their heating effect would be negligible because they retain their energy rather than transferring it.
originally posted by: Phatdamage
a reply to: ElectricUniverse
Such an interesting post, take my star!
I've always struggled to believe that this is all man made, what i dont get is why isn't this more mainstream media?
Are you suggesting our nationalized education system was teaching you propaganda way back in 4th grade?! Say it ain’t so!
originally posted by: scraedtosleep
a reply to: ElectricUniverse
I learned in a 4th grade experiment that co2 traps heat.
Less of that in the atmosphere would be a good start.
What would you do? Nothing?