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One assumption lies at the root of efforts to keep the meat we eat safe from mad cow disease: that tissues beyond an animal's brain, spinal cord and immune system are free of the prions that cause the disease.
(Now) Researchers have found that if an animal falls ill with another infection, its immune response can carry large numbers of prions to organs throughout its body. ..."The rules no longer apply," warns pathologist Adriano Aguzzi at Zurich University Hospital, Switzerland, who led the research.
"If the animal has an additional infection in the body, the prions are no longer confined to the areas where they normally are," explains Surachai Supattapone, an expert in infectious diseases at the Dartmouth Medical School in Hanover, New Hampshire. ...The researchers believe that the cells involved in the inflammatory response somehow help the prions to replicate, and to spread to the parts of the body being targeted by the immune reaction.
Prions and the Immune System
Susan L. Lindquist, director of the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research
"The problem of why proteins misfold ...is very complex, ...One reason for the complexity is that "there seem to be a variety of different ways in which proteins can misfold," she explains. "In addition, there are different kinds of aggregates."
Lindquist believes prions arise when certain normal proteins accidentally produce folding intermediates that have a sticky surface. "That surface provides a template for other partially unfolded proteins, which bind with it and wind up getting trapped," she explains. "Little aggregates of protein are then passed on from mother cell to daughter cell through the cytoplasm, and when the daughter cell starts making her own proteins, these have the same capacity to get trapped on larger aggregates.
..."It's very heritable. It's very reproducible," Lindquist says. "If you cross a cell that has a prion trait with a cell that doesn't, the prion trait is always dominant because it's got that sticky surface, and the other proteins join up to it. Then all the cell's progeny will have that trait in them."
Lindquist on Prions
Producing commercially important recombinant proteins in large quantities has long been a headache for biotechnology companies, particularly if the protein of interest has a tendency to fold incorrectly.
www.nature.com...
"Scientists think if the proteins misfold, they can become infectious..."
www.agobservatory.org...
…prions are notoriously difficult to break down… "We don't know why prions are so highly stable, but they are extremely hard to destroy. Indeed, one standard method of decontamination – soaking in fomaldehyde – actually stabilises the prions."
Effective Methods for Killing Prions
...(The budget) will drastically cut public health programs, The New York Times said Saturday. ...A Public Health Service program to prevent chronic disease - including obesity - and promote health - would be cut by 6.5 percent to 841 million.
Similarly, Bush's proposes cuts to a training program for nurses, dentists and other health professionals by 64 percent to 160.5 million, and another to train doctors at children's hospitals by 33 percent to 200 million dollars.
A nine million dollar program for the treatment of people with traumatic brain injury and a 9.9 million dollar program to collect stem cells from blood found in the umbilical cord after birth - a non-controversial source of stem cells for medical research - would be eliminated.
[Ed. note: Mad Cow and other prion diseases cause obesity and chronic illness.]
Budget Proposal Cuts Public Health Programs
...According to figures obtained by the AP: The Environmental Protection Agency's $8.1 billion would drop by $450 million, or about 6 percent, with most reductions coming in water programs and projects won by lawmakers for their home districts.
Bush's budget goes to Congress Monday
"Skelton, Talent and others worried that the budget number won't be enough to increase ground troops, properly outfit soldiers, replace weapons being worn out in Iraq, invest in new technology and transform the military to better fight terrorists. ...Skelton said his concerns are heightened because over the past two years, defense officials "had to tap funds intended for maintaining our defense infrastructure and the readiness levels of our troops in order to cover underestimated war costs" in Iraq. Partly as a result, he said, the Pentagon "was inexcusably slow to provide adequate armor and protection against improvised explosive devices to service members on the frontline."
"The Department of Defense is trying to show that (the increased troops) will come at the expense of some of Congress' favorite projects," said Heritage Foundation military expert Jack Spencer. "I think this year's defense budget, more so than in the past, is really a beginning point for the negotiations. So we should expect a little more jockeying this time than we usually see."
One of Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld's watchwords over the past four years has been transformation of the nation's military. That involves shifting from the Cold War emphasis on masses of troops and conventional heavy equipment to a more agile, maneuverable force with stealthy, high-tech weapons that can meet unpredictable threats and irregular foes...
Talent and other key defense figures in Congress worry that this will come at the expense of the ground troops and firepower they say is needed in places like Iraq – and they point to the level to which reserve forces are being stretched. "
[urls=http://www.kansascity.com/mld/kansascity/news/politics/10827672.htm?1c]Bush budget doesn't allocate enough to troops[/url]
Originally posted by djohnsto77
The USA is not a democracy, theoretical or otherwise. It is a republic and has always been thus.
...one man's pork is another's bread-and-butter.
this sounds more like an op/ed piece rather than hard news
Originally posted by Linux
So soficrow, i've noticed alot of news surfacing recently. Is there ANY good news whatsoever? I mean i've heard all the negatives but are there people who stand a chance against prion infections?
Originally posted by Disturbed Deliverer
Why the hell is Mad Cow and prions being discussed here? This isn't a real issue, it's one that exists in your head.
Can't we get some real complaints with Bush's budget?
Originally posted by Disturbed Deliverer
Why the hell is Mad Cow and prions being discussed here? This isn't a real issue, it's one that exists in your head.
Can't we get some real complaints with Bush's budget?
Yes....he's a friggin' warmonger, intent on global domination
Mad Cow and prions are major topics in international scientific and political news - even if the topics are censored in the USA
The US is fielding allegations that the nation is contaminated with Mad Cow and other prion diseases. Japan won't take US beef. The US and Canada are in negotiations to re-open the border to beef imports. ...Poland is the only nation in the EU that accepts US beef - and just reported its 12th case of Mad Cow in a year.
Several new studies have been released showing that prion diseases infect muscles, blood, milk, organs - and pretty much go through the whole body. Another study shows how they use the immune system to travel through the body. Another one focuses on "subclinical" prion infections - that cause chronic illness. ...All this information shows that infected meat is infected, period. There are no "safe" cuts. More important, it shows why chronic disabling diseases in people are epidemic.
Originally posted by Disturbed Deliverer
but what does that have to do with the budget...?
. Mad Cow has been around for years. It's not like it suddenly evolved. It's not affecting anyone.
This has been going on for a while now. These were precautions taken. It's not some epidemic.
Obviously it's not that big of a deal. ...If it were so serious, I think we'd see a lot more people being affected by it.
This just seems like you blowing a few news stories out of proportion. It's a lot of hype and not much else...
The only ones that will benefit from this new budget proposal are the big firm investing on the defense budget, we the regular people mean nothing to the Bush administration.
Money that's desperately needed for the nation's health and safety is being re-directed to international corporations through military appropriations.
New research shows that Mad Cow HAS evolved - and creates new strains like lightning. ....People ARE affected. 1 in 2 American men will get cancer in their lifetimes, and 1 in 3 women. Heart disease is now the #1 killer in the USA - obesity, diabetes and other prion-related diseases are epidemic.
...Prion diseases incubate slowly, and create chronic illness and disability long before they kill. ...The US economy is in the toilet because of it - and American's lives are being destroyed.
No. Just fighting censorship, damage control campaigns and bs spin.
as posted by soficrow
Our soldiers are left without armor or air cover, and their families live on food stamps.
Originally posted by Disturbed Deliverer
New research shows that Mad Cow HAS evolved - and creates new strains like lightning. ....People ARE affected. 1 in 2 American men will get cancer in their lifetimes, and 1 in 3 women. Heart disease is now the #1 killer in the USA - obesity, diabetes and other prion-related diseases are epidemic.
Now if only there was a link between Mad Cow, cancer, and diabetes...
“Diverse human disorders …arise from misfolding and aggregation of an underlying protein.”
“Protein misfolding and disease: the case of prion disorders.” Cell Mol Life Sci. 2003 Jan;60(1):133-43. Hetz C, Soto C. Serono Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 14 Chemin des Aulx, 1228 Plan les Ouates, Switzerland. PMID: 12613663
“Prions, once dismissed as an impossibility, have now gained wide recognition as extraordinary agents that cause a number of infectious, genetic and spontaneous disorders”
www.cyber-dyne.com...
“…this hypothesis would shed some light on other diseases not presently classified as prion diseases and in the process of ageing.”
* “Prion plaques: molecular tumors. A hypothesis on the etiopathogenesis of prion diseases.” Ossa JE, Machado G, Giraldo MA, McEwen JG. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia. Med Hypotheses. 1995 Feb;44(2):124-6. PMID: 7596306
* “Cyclic amplification of protein misfolding: application to prion-related disorders and beyond.” Trends Neurosci. 2002 Aug;25(8):390-4. Soto C, Saborio GP, Anderes L. Serono International SA, Geneva, Switzerland. PMID: 12127750
* “Chronic Subclinical Prion Disease Induced by Low-Dose Inoculum” Received September 24, 2001; J Virol. 2002 March; 76 (5): 2510–2517 Alana M. Thackray,1 Michael A. Klein,2 Adriano Aguzzi,3 and Raymond Bujdoso www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov...
For example:
New infectious prion strain called vacuolar protease B (PrB) identified by the US National Institute of Diabetes, National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland. NIH officially acknowledges that:
a. Infectious prions can be enzymes;
b. Fibrous prion protein deposits are not necessarily amyloid proteins (Note: Previous research shows that 90% of type 2 diabetes patients have amyloid plaques in their pancreas); and
c. Infectious prions cause disease in other parts of the body besides the brain and central nervous system.
* Source: “A new kind of prion: a modified protein necessary for its own modification.” Cell Cycle. 2004 Mar-Apr;3(2):100-3. Roberts BT, Wickner RB. National Institute of Diabetes, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland USA. PMID: 14712063
www.landesbioscience.com...
Also see: “Role of islet amyloid in type 2 diabetes mellitus: consequence or cause?” Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2002 Nov 29;197(1-2):205-12. Hoppener JW, Nieuwenhuis MG, Vroom TM, Ahren B, Lips CJ. Department of Clinical Endocrinology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Location University Hospital, G02.228, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands. PMID: 12431814
“...the biochemical isoform of PrP(Sc) found is influenced by the cell type in which it accumulates.”
* “Peripheral Tissue Involvement in Sporadic, Iatrogenic, and Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: An Immunohistochemical, Quantitative, and Biochemical Study.” Am J Pathol. 2004 Jan;164(1):143-153. Head MW, Ritchie D, Smith N, McLoughlin V, Nailon W, Samad S, Masson S, Bishop M, McCardle L, Ironside JW. National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit and Division of Pathology, School of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. PMID: 14695328
Originally posted by djohnsto77
I am somewhat concerned about mad cow, but I also think it's ridiculous to say the U.S. should divert defense and security funds from the War on Terror to mad cow disease. The number of Americans who died on one day (9/11) due to terrorism is about 20 times the number of humans who have ever died in world history due to mad cow disease.
Originally posted by Seekerof
as posted by soficrow
Our soldiers are left without armor or air cover, and their families live on food stamps.
Links (as in multiple verified sources, not just one) to verified sources substantiating this assertion, soficrow. I may have missed it/them.
seekerof
Originally posted by Seekerof
Links (as in multiple verified sources, not just one) to verified sources substantiating this assertion, soficrow. I may have missed it/them.
figurative language(fig-YOOR-a-tive LAN-gwije): a type of language that varies from the norms of literal language, in which words mean exactly what they say. Also known as the "ornaments of language," figurative language does not mean exactly what it says, but instead forces the reader to make an imaginative leap in order to comprehend an author's point. It usually involves a comparison between two things that may not, at first, seem to relate to one another. In a simile, for example, an author may compare a person to an animal: "He ran like a hare down the street" is the figurative way to describe the man running and "He ran very quickly down the street" is the literal way to describe him. Figurative language facilitates understanding because it relates something unfamiliar to something familiar. Some popular examples of figurative language include a simile and metaphor. See A Handbook to Literature, A Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory, and A Glossary of Literary Terms.
hyperbole (hi-per-bo-lee): an extravagant exaggeration. From the Greek for "overcasting," hyperbole is a figure of speech that is a grossly exaggerated description or statement. In literature, such exaggeration is used for emphasis or vivid descriptions. In drama, hyperbole is quite common, especially in heroic drama. Hyperbole is a fundamental part of both burlesque writing and the “tall tales” from Western America. The conscious overstatements of these tales are forms of hyperbole. Many other examples of hyperbole can be found in the romance fiction and comedy genres. Hyperbole is even a part of our day-to-day speech: ‘You’ve grown like a bean sprout’ or ‘I’m older than the hills.’ Hyperbole is used to increase the effect of a description, whether it is metaphoric or comic. In poetry, hyperbole can emphasize or dramatize a person’s opinions or emotions. Skilled poets use hyperbole to describe intense emotions and mental states. See A Glossary of Literary Terms, A Handbook to Literature.
Our soldiers are left without armor or air cover, and their families live on food stamps.
Many scientists believe "subclinical" prion infections are common, and do underlie epidemic rising rates of heart disease, obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure and various chronic disabilities. Some of the links are quite direct, eg., diabetes and prions, heart disease and prions, vascular disease and prions... Another thing to remember is that prions make proteins mutate, which makes cells mutate. ...Already mutated cells easily can take the next step, and mutate into cancer cells...