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The shape of the letter tau or T was interpreted as representing a crucifix from antiquity. The staurogram, from Greek ΣTAΥPOΣ "cross", was a tau-rho ligature used to abbreviate the Greek word for cross in very early New Testament manuscripts such as P66, P45 and P75.[2] The tau was also considered a symbol of salvation due to the identification of the tau with the sign which in Ezechiel 9:4 was marked on the forehead of the saved ones (וְהִתְוִיתָ תָּו עַל־מִצְחֹות הָאֲנָשִׁים "set a mark (tav; after the Phoenician cross-shape 𐤕) on the forehead of the men"), or due to the tau-shaped outstretched hands of Moses in Exodus 17:11.[2]
Neolithic discovery: why Orkney is the centre of ancient Britain
Long before the Egyptians began the pyramids, Neolithic man built a vast temple complex at the top of what is now Scotland. Robin McKie visits the astonishing Ness of Brodgar
This is the temple complex of the Ness of Brodgar, and its size, complexity and sophistication have left archaeologists desperately struggling to find superlatives to describe the wonders they found there. "We have discovered a Neolithic temple complex that is without parallel in western Europe
The people of the Neolithic – the new Stone Age – were the first farmers in Britain, and they arrived on Orkney about 6,000 years ago. They cultivated the land, built farmsteads and rapidly established a vibrant culture, erecting giant stone circles, chambered communal tombs – and a giant complex of buildings at the Ness of Brodgar. The religious beliefs that underpinned these vast works is unknown, however, as is the purpose of the Brodgar temples.
"We need to turn the map of Britain upside down when we consider the Neolithic and shrug off our south-centric attitudes," says Card, now Brodgar's director of excavations. "London may be the cultural hub of Britain today, but 5,000 years ago, Orkney was the centre for innovation for the British isles. Ideas spread from this place. The first grooved pottery, which is so distinctive of the era, was made here, for example, and the first henges – stone rings with ditches round them – were erected on Orkney. Then the ideas spread to the rest of the Neolithic Britain. This was the font for new thinking at the time."
It is a view shared by local historian Tom Muir, of the Orkney Museum. "The whole text book of British archaeology for this period will have to be torn up and rewritten from scratch thanks to this place," he says.
The surrounding hills are relatively low, and a great dome of sky hangs over Brodgar, perfect for watching the setting and rising of the sun, moon and other celestial objects. (Card believes the weather on Orkney may have been warmer and clearer 4,000 to 5,000 years ago.) Cosmology would have been critical to society then, he argues, helping farmers predict the seasons – a point supported by scientists such as the late Alexander Thom, who believed that the Ring of Brodgar was an observatory designed for studying the movement of the moon.
These outposts of Neolithic astronomy, although impressive, were nevertheless peripheral, says Richards. The temple complex at the Ness of Brodgar was built to be the most important construction on the island. "The stones of Stenness, the Ring of Brodgar and the other features of the landscape were really just adjuncts to that great edifice," he says. Or as another archaeologist put it: "By comparison, everything else in the area looks like a shanty town
Equally puzzling was the fate of the complex. Around 2,300BC, roughly a thousand years after construction began there, the place was abruptly abandoned. Radiocarbon dating of animal bones suggests that a huge feast ceremony was held, with more than 600 cattle slaughtered, after which the site appears to have been decommissioned. Perhaps a transfer of power took place or a new religion replaced the old one. Whatever the reason, the great temple complex – on which Orcadians had lavished almost a millennium's effort – was abandoned and forgotten for the next 4,000 years.
www.theguardian.com...edit on Tueam3b20143America/Chicago44 by Danbones because: (no reason given)
beansidhe
reply to post by Danbones
It does tie in eerily well with Logarok's thinking about Egyptian art and motif's on the stones, doesn't it? As far as America's -that's your bag, I'm clueless there!
But yes, I think you're right, that we need to think about these eras globally as well as locally if we're ever going to find an answer.
Logarock
beansidhe
reply to post by Danbones
It does tie in eerily well with Logarok's thinking about Egyptian art and motif's on the stones, doesn't it? As far as America's -that's your bag, I'm clueless there!
But yes, I think you're right, that we need to think about these eras globally as well as locally if we're ever going to find an answer.
But that's what we have been doing! Another thread could be opened about Neolithic influences its really another issue when compared to Pict stones.....which is what this thread is about. These stones look to represent an intrusion by an influence that has clearly shown roots.....Mediterranean Sea culture.
The use on one of the stones of the 4 winged anthropomorphic not only shows use but shows period development. Its clearly pre-Roman era.
As you pointed out earlier one observer called the stones a mysterious use of the know and the unknown. I would say there is a good reason for this and therein is the rub. A separate yet highly influenced "cult" as Flash may have it, having its origins near and around the time of the Syrian influenced upheavals in that area as D-Bones might have it points to Phoenician/Dannite conclusion in my, still and ever open to suggestions and evidence, leanings. Still many questions and time to fill in but when you have a winged disk, advanced 4 winged critters, ect you have very clear evidence of direction anyway.edit on 11-3-2014 by Logarock because: n
Danbones
Logarock
beansidhe
reply to post by Danbones
It does tie in eerily well with Logarok's thinking about Egyptian art and motif's on the stones, doesn't it? As far as America's -that's your bag, I'm clueless there!
But yes, I think you're right, that we need to think about these eras globally as well as locally if we're ever going to find an answer.
But that's what we have been doing! Another thread could be opened about Neolithic influences its really another issue when compared to Pict stones.....which is what this thread is about. These stones look to represent an intrusion by an influence that has clearly shown roots.....Mediterranean Sea culture.
The use on one of the stones of the 4 winged anthropomorphic not only shows use but shows period development. Its clearly pre-Roman era.
As you pointed out earlier one observer called the stones a mysterious use of the know and the unknown. I would say there is a good reason for this and therein is the rub. A separate yet highly influenced "cult" as Flash may have it, having its origins near and around the time of the Syrian influenced upheavals in that area as D-Bones might have it points to Phoenician/Dannite conclusion in my, still and ever open to suggestions and evidence, leanings. Still many questions and time to fill in but when you have a winged disk, advanced 4 winged critters, ect you have very clear evidence of direction anyway.edit on 11-3-2014 by Logarock because: n
reply to post by Logarock
who's to say pict carvings aren't carved on older stones or descendant from them?
to ignore the most oldest stones found so far in the vicinity of the land of the Picts...
or as these indicate, scotland predated britian further to the south ignores much about the possible roots of the pictish stones...
and is posting that on this thread so different from bringing in christianity or judaism to the thread...which are so much later, but claim ownership of the past?
( like the cross symbolism which is far older then anything abrahministic ...)
besides with the op being scotish i though it might be cool for her to have a little william wallace moment
just for fun
edit on Tueam3b20143America/Chicago56 by Danbones because: (no reason given)
Logarock
reply to post by beansidhe
I knew a guy over here named Wallace. One of those white haired Scotts. Said he was related to William, comes from the line, long before that fick had come out or I had ever heard of William Wallace. I sort of dig Owain Glendower myself. Glyndwr as they say it.
Crowned and Winged Gods or Genii riding upon two Cherubim (winged Sphinxes) minister to the Sacred Tree (German: Lebensbaum, "Tree of Life") and winged Sun disc with the features of a god (8/7th century BCE ?). In the Hebrew Bible Yahweh-Elohim is described as winged and riding upon a Cherub ((cf. the book of Ruth 2:12 and Psalms 17:8; 36:7; 56:1 which speak of Yahweh's WINGS; and 2Sam 22:11; PS 18:10 mentioning the cherub Yahweh rides). The Cherubim were placed by Yahweh-Elohim in the Garden of Eden to deny mankind access to the sacred Tree of Life. Yahweh is also metaphorically likened to a winged sun disc by Malachi (Mal. 4:2). Yahweh' is apparently (metaphorically ?) described as possessing wings and likened to an eagle (Ex 19:4; PS 17:8, 36:7; Jer 48:40; Ruth 2:12). Cherubim are believed to be derived from Egyptian winged sphinxes of the New Kingdom period (1560-1200 BCE) and reworked by Phoenicians and Canaanites who in turned passed on the imagery to Israel. Solar imagery abounds in the bible in regards to God (He "dawns" from Seir in De 33:2, His temple faces the East and the rising sun), the Cherubim (sphinxes) originally being solar animals that at times faced the east and the rising sun, as in the Great Sphinx of Gizeh. In the above seal, the transformed Egyptian Winged Sun and its Sphinxes have been associated with the "Tree of Life." The Tree of Life (a transformed Egyptian Lotus, merged with a Datepalm), the Cherubim, the Winged Sun are all Egyptian motifs which have been reworked by Phoenicians, Canaanites, Syrians, Mesopotamians, and adopted by Israel and Judah.
The rune is sometimes associated with the World tree Yggdrasil, which, imagined as an ash in Norse mythology, may formerly have been a yew or an oak.
the Gankyil is the principal symbol and teaching tool: it is symbolic of primordial energy and represents the central unity and indivisibility of all the teaching, philosophical and doctrinal triune of Dzogchen
The Tree always has fruit or foliage. The fruit is usually rather large and plump and sometimes looking like a pine cone . The fruit as a pine cone was its most popular depiction even unto the Greeks and Romans.
When looking at the five images of the Tree we can see the shared elements:
1 Sumerian: Genii, Pole, Lattice, Bell shape, Fruit and not shown but above the solar winged disk
2 Babylonian/Assyrian: Genii, Pole, Lattice, Bell shape, Foliage and not shown but above the solar winged disk
3 Urartian: Genii, Pole, Bell shape and Fruit
4 Indus Valley: Bell shape, Foliage and the god in the tree
5 Labeled Sumerian but much more likely Assyrian: Genii (King), Pole, Lattice, Bell shape/god in the tree, Fruit and the god as the solar winged disk