It looks like you're using an Ad Blocker.
Please white-list or disable AboveTopSecret.com in your ad-blocking tool.
Thank you.
Some features of ATS will be disabled while you continue to use an ad-blocker.
Originally posted by Phage
reply to post by Afterthought
El Nino and La Nina affect the climate globally, so I wasn't speaking just about the equator.
Well globally to a lesser degree but the effects vary across North America.
I'm just simply not buying it.
I'm not clear on what you're not buying. On the one hand you seem to think that geoengineering is already going on and on the other you seem to think that global warming is a hoax and that the geoengineers are in a hurry to get going with something they are already doing.
Clouds which produce precipitation form at much lower altitudes than contrails and cirrus clouds. The moisture which produces them also originates at much lower levels. A reduction of ambient water vapor levels at 30,000 feet has no effect on water vapor levels at 3,000 feet.
The troposphere is the lowest portion of Earth's atmosphere. It contains approximately 80% of the atmosphere's mass and 99% of its water vapor and aerosols.[1] The average depth of the troposphere is approximately 17 km (11 mi) in the middle latitudes. It is deeper in the tropics, up to 20 km (12 mi), and shallower near the polar regions, at 7 km (4.3 mi) in summer, and indistinct in winter. The lowest part of the troposphere, where friction with the Earth's surface influences air flow, is the planetary boundary layer. This layer is typically a few hundred meters to 2 km (1.2 mi) deep depending on the landform and time of day. The border between the troposphere and stratosphere, called the tropopause, is a temperature inversion.
The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere. The troposphere starts at Earth's surface and goes up to a height of 7 to 20 km (4 to 12 miles, or 23,000 to 65,000 feet) above sea level.
The tropopause minimum acts as a barrier between the troposphere and stratosphere
The atmospheric temperature profile is latitude dependent. The tropopause height varies from ~16 km at the equator to only ~8 km at the poles. It depends also on sea level temperature and season.
Cirrus clouds generally appear white or light grey in color. They form when water vapor undergoes deposition at altitudes above 16500 ft (5,029.2 m) in temperate regions and above 20000 ft (6,096 m) in tropical regions.
The global water cycle can be described with nine major physical processes which form a continuum of water movement. Complex pathways include the passage of water from the gaseous envelope around the planet called the atmosphere, through the bodies of water on the surface of earth such as the oceans, glaciers and lakes, and at the same time (or more slowly) passing through the soil and rock layers underground. Later, the water is returned to the atmosphere. A fundamental characteristic of the hydrologic cycle is that it has no beginning an it has no end. It can be studied by starting at any of the following processes: evaporation, condensation, precipitation, interception, infiltration, percolation, transpiration, runoff, and storage.
Evaporated moisture is lifted into the atmosphere from the ocean, land surfaces, and water bodies as water vapor. Some vapor always exists in the atmosphere.
Condensation is the process by which water vapor changes it's physical state from a vapor, most commonly, to a liquid. Water vapor condenses onto small airborne particles to form dew, fog, or clouds. The most active particles that form clouds are sea salts, atmospheric ions caused by lightning,and combustion products containing sulfurous and nitrous acids.
Precipitation is the process that occurs when any and all forms of water particles fall from the atmosphere and reach the ground. There are two sub-processes that cause clouds to release precipitation, the coalescence process and the ice-crystal process. As water drops reach a critical size, the drop is exposed to gravity and frictional drag. A falling drop leaves a turbulent wake behind which allows smaller drops to fall faster and to be overtaken to join and combine with the lead drop. The other sub-process that can occur is the ice-crystal formation process. It occurs when ice develops in cold clouds or in cloud formations high in the atmosphere where freezing temperatures occur. When nearby water droplets approach the crystals some droplets evaporate and condense on the crystals. The crystals grow to a critical size and drop as snow or ice pellets. Sometimes, as the pellets fall through lower elevation air, they melt and change into raindrops.
We also find that contrail cirrus cause a significant decrease in natural cloudiness
The role played by cirrus clouds in humidifying the underlying atmosphere through evaporation of falling ice crystals is important. The associated pattern of evaporative cooling may act to significantly alter the pre-existing static stability in the sub-cloud region and, together with humidification effect, may ultimately result in the formation of new cloud layers (Starr and Wylie, 1990).
Furthermore, crystals precipitating from cirrus clouds can seed lower super-cooled liquid water clouds and influence precipitation mechanisms (Ramaswamy and Detwiler, 1986).
It will then investigate the importance of homogeneous and heterogeneous freezing on cirrus clouds with implications for future global and regional scenarios, the surface energy budget and for the hydrological cycle.
The most studied SRM method is to reflect incoming sunlight with sulfuric acid aerosol injected into the stratosphere (similar to how volcanic aerosols cool climate). Although this method may have serious drawbacks such as a likely interference with the hydrological cycle (producing drought in some regions), ozone destruction and turning the sky white...
Increases in aerosol increase the droplet number concentration in clouds, which increases cloud extent and leads to global cooling. If the amount of water available for condensation in the cloud is not changed, this means that there will be more smaller drops, which are less likely to grow to sufficient size to fall out as precipitation and making clouds last longer,
Therefore the impact (cooling)of excess atmospheric aerosol will be felt predominantly in the Northern Hemisphere, most notably in regions of high emission such as southeast Asia. These regional changes could lead to weakening of the hydrological cycle and reduce the availability and quality of fresh water.
A veil of cirrus clouds (cirrostratus) may be the precursor of deteriorating weather, since it often occurs ahead of lower, precipitating clouds.
Originally posted by ProudBird
Do you NOT understand that the possibility of future geoengineering projects, should they ever be implemented, means to some people a potential business opportunity, and thus a profit stream.....they (many of these concepts) are jockeying for attention, to be "The One" selected someday, if it comes to pass.
Cirrus aviaticus form where natural clouds fail to go. Forming, they use up the available moisture that could have allowed the eventual formation of natural clouds. Persisting, they spread using up more and more moisture.
We also find that contrail cirrus cause a significant decrease in natural cloudiness
Contrails form when natural cirrus doesn't. We know this from simple observation, we see persisent contrails in otherwise clear skies. So, the water vapor in the air, instead of forming natural cirrus, may tend to form contrail cirrus instead. I don't see the difference. If the contrails weren't there, natural cirrus would have "used up" the water vapor if they formed, but they wouldn't have because the conditions weren't right for them to form in the first place.
Contrail cirrus form and persist in air that is ice-saturated13, 14, whereas natural cirrus often require high ice supersaturation to form15. This implies that in a substantial fraction of the upper troposphere, contrail cirrus can persist in supersaturated air that is cloud-free16, 17, thus increasing high cloud coverage
It sounds to me like there is a trade off of sorts, with contrails replacing natural cirrus to a certain degree but resulting in overall greater cloud coverage. Either just contrail cirrus where natural clouds wouldn't form or a combination of the two (with contrails dominating) where they would.
Contrail cirrus exist alongside and interact with natural clouds and, depending on their overlap with natural clouds, can increase overall cloud coverage.
What causes the ice crystals to fall? Are cirrus contrails less likely to produce those falling ice crystals than natural cirrus are? I don't think so, I don't think the ice crystals in contrails are so different that they would not behave in pretty much the same way as the natural ones.
The role played by cirrus clouds in humidifying the underlying atmosphere through evaporation of falling ice crystals is important. The associated pattern of evaporative cooling may act to significantly alter the pre-existing static stability in the sub-cloud region and, together with humidification effect, may ultimately result in the formation of new cloud layers (Starr and Wylie, 1990).
Source
Contrails dissipate as their ice water content is reduced by sublimation and precipitation.
Can you elaborate on exactly what the specific characteristics of cirrus aviaticus are which make them so different from natural cirrus? Why would the ice crystals from contrails not fall and sublimate the same way they do from cirrus clouds?
And, of course, cirrus aviaticus are not natural cirrus and never will be.
I don't know why you are associating SRM with the effects of contrail or natural cirrus. The mechanism by which the stratospheric aerosols may affect the hydrological cycle isn't exactly the same. Besides, SRM is not being undertaken.
The most studied SRM method is to reflect incoming sunlight with sulfuric acid aerosol injected into the stratosphere (similar to how volcanic aerosols cool climate). Although this method may have serious drawbacks such as a likely interference with the hydrological cycle (producing drought in some regions), ozone destruction and turning the sky white...
A veil of cirrus clouds (cirrostratus) may be the precursor of deteriorating weather, since it often occurs ahead of lower, precipitating clouds.
Cirrus are often an indication of the leading edge of a warm front at altitude, especially if they are spreading out from the west or south-west sector, thickening into a denser sheet of cirrostratus. The approaching depression is some 24 to 36 hours away. Jet stream cirrus are often indicating an depression or occlusion from the western sector, some 12 to 36 hours away. However, cirrus can also be true fair weather clouds. If they appear irregular and patchy, slowly shifting from easterly directions, often dissolving, they are indicating increasing high pressure and dry, sunny and quiet weather.
During my stay there, a brand new Boeing 777-200 LR came taxiing in to operate out of Mather field for it's flight-test program... the interior of the plane was filled with computers to help with flight-test, and water-ballast containers so they could shift the center of gravity around in-flight!
N5016R (cn 32431/429) Showing the extreme rear of this aircraft which was rigged for the rigorous flight test program that all new Boeing types must undergo. The barrels are part of a water transfer system to simulate various loads and their effect on the aircrafts centre of gravity. The air data package (cone from top of tail) reel is visible and marked "Fin Cone" especially for you!
F-WWDD (cn 004) This is a view of the main cabin of the A380 as seen at the 2005 Dubai Airshow. The aircraft was mainly fitted with test equipment and small sections of the proper interior. The red-topped grey containers were water storage containers and these could be filled or emptied to act as ballast and to simulate a passenger load.
Boeing 777-240/LR
Taken at:
Sacramento - McClellan Airfield (AFB) (MCC / KMCC)
USA - California, May 25, 2005
Originally posted by ProudBird
Here ya go....Here's another angle of a B-777 flight test equipped (it's copyrighted, so just a link. BTW....the originals you posted are too, probably. But, it was someone else, not you, who originally violated the copyright
These two "sister ships" will travel the world, each along their own paths, to demonstrate to the world
A visitor from Canada posted Fri March 11, 2011: Just glad that HAZMAT sign I saw there was a fake. I hope you guys know that people are using a doctored version of this photo to spread a hoax. Thanks!
2007 U.S. Senate Bill 1807 & U.S. House Bill 3445 Senate Bill 1807 and House Bill 3445, identical bills introduced July 17, 2007, proposed to establish a Weather Mitigation Advisory and Research Board to fund weather modification research
PRECIPITATION ENHANCEMENT GUIDELINES AVAILABLE
This manual of professional practice, Guidelines for Cloud Seeding to Augment Precipitation (ASCE Manual No. 81), is the outgrowth of a committee report by the same title published by the ASCE Weather Modification Committee in the March 1983 issue of Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering. A task committee of the ASCE Climate and Weather Change Committee has expanded and updated this report to provide water resources managers and others who might become involved in the decision-making process for implementing a cloud seeding project with the necessary guidelines.
The sections of this manual cover essentials of weather modification including the social, legal, environmental, and economic aspects as well as the scientific basis. Further, the manager is guided through the professional practice for operational cloud seeding, from materials and devices necessary to produce ice crystal-forming nuclei to the methods for distributing the artificially produced nuclei through cloud masses. In addition, methods of instrumentation that are used to provide input to real-time decisions and evaluate results are discussed.
Operation Cumulus was a project of the UK government in the 1950s which was investigating weather manipulation, in particular through cloud seeding experiments. Known jokingly within the project as Operation Witch Doctor,[1] the project was operational between 1949 and 1952.
The Lynmouth disaster
Main article: Lynmouth: 1952 Lynmouth flood
On 16 August 1952 a severe flood occurred in the town of Lynmouth in north Devon. 9 inches (229 millimetres) of rain fell within twenty-four hours[2] and the East Lyn River rose rapidly and burst its banks. Thirty-four people died and many buildings and bridges were seriously damaged.
Although there is no direct evidence, there has been speculation[3] that Project Cumulus contributed to the conditions that caused this flood. A few days before the disaster a seeding experiment was carried out over southern England. Alan Yates, an aeronautical engineer and glider pilot who was working with the operation, sprayed salt in the air and was "elated" to learn of a heavy rainfall in Staines shortly after.[1]
Other writers deny that the experiments could have caused the accident. Meteorologist Philip Eden claims that "it is preposterous to blame the Lynmouth flood on such experiments".[4]
Closure
The project was closed down in 1952. There are rumours that the official documents were deliberately destroyed; certainly some classified documents are missing.[3]
The Alberta Hail Project was a research project sponsored by the Alberta Research Council and Environment Canada to study hailstorm physics and dynamics in order to design and test means for suppressing hail. It ran from 1956 until 1985. The main instrument in this research was an S-band circularly polarized weather radar located at the Red Deer Industrial Airport in central Alberta, Canada.
A vast amount of data were collected from several other platforms to conduct research into precipitation mechanisms, severe storm development, hail suppression, hydrology and microwave propagation. Numerous researchers have used the dataset and during the period 1990 to 1994, 23 publications appeared in journals and conferences, as well as 4 scientific reports were prepared. These papers have included radar meteorology, cloud physics, hydrology/hydrometeorology, computer science, instrumentation, synoptic weather, dynamic and mesoscale meteorology.
I also merely said WHAT IF they used THIS equipment for other than water
Good example of this technique is visible on the above image of the Adriatic sea captured from NOAA weather satellite on 11-27-2000, showing Croatia with town of Rijeka, it's Kvarner bay and Istria peninsula on each image top right and Italy peninsula in their center. Left image was taken in visible spectrum and image on the right in infrared. As on this day the sky over Rijeka was perfectly clear, without any visible clouds, chemtrails or chemclouds, difference in clarity of this images gives fair idea regarding usefulness of airborne moisture in IR shielding. If cloud cover is artificially enhanced, as on this day was the case with cloud layer in the front of the Italian western coast (long parallel lines are chemtrail generated clouds), then usefulness of moisture leaden clouds in shielding the battlefield from satellite monitoring in IR and visible wavelengths is easily perceivable.
Judging from the close encounter of the third kind which has occurred in December 2000 in RIijeka region, this technology is already used for the USS nuclear ballistic submarine shielding.
One curious moment stems from the comparison of some images taken in visual and IR spectrum. It could be expected that barium oxide enhanced clouds, being capable to bear more moisture than natural clouds can in the same conditions, make better shield in infrared spectrum also. However, judging from some cases it seems that this is not always so. Comparing the visual and IR images taken by the NOAA on 11-12-2000 it can be seen that the Croatian Istrian peninsula is visible in IR although appearing covered by the cloud layer in visible spectrum (the same page shows possible precipitation denial in progress also).
The explanation for this could be that clouds were containing much more chemtrail powder than usual, additionally obstructing ground visibility. It shows the possible way of detection of chemtrail sprayings on global scale.
This revels the other, for military even more important, chemtrail sprayings practical use.
If for chemtrail sprayings are applied cloud-seeding agents of metallic origin, as barium oxide is, then their continuous seeding, resulting in specific, low floating cloud ceiling which is electrically more conductive than the air bellow it, creates inversion layer allowing special radar signal reflection (similarly as ionosphere does with radio waves) which processed with sophisticated computing system could allow passive and active over-the-horizon radar capability.
Furthermore, such layer, as well as atmosphere below it, rich with barium hydroxide which is continuously precipitating from the bottom of the chemclouds, could be selectively energized with microwaves to inhibit operation of opposition's monitoring and targeting radars localy.
As computer processing capacities rise exponentially and ships, such as USS SAIPAN is, have all installation space one may require, it would not be a great surprise if this and other US ships are already equipped with adequate systems.
It could be expected that barium oxide enhanced clouds, being capable to bear more moisture than natural clouds can in the same conditions, make better shield in infrared spectrum also. However, judging from some cases it seems that this is not always so.
Infrared satellite images record longwave infrared radiation with wavelengths in the atmospheric window that is emitted by cloud tops, land, oceans or ice and snow. While most things on earth emit longwave infrared radiation, warmer objects emit more than colder ones. Hence, the relative amounts of infrared radiation emitted by cloud tops, land, oceans and snow/ice gives information about their relative temperatures.
this technology is already used for the USS nuclear ballistic submarine shielding.
Originally posted by Afterthought
reply to post by Phage
It's stated right there in the above paragraph why.
this technology is already used for the USS nuclear ballistic submarine shielding.