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We're still working on JFK. I don't think we should wait. I think we should keep working.
Originally posted by esdad71 how long will you wait?
Originally posted by _BoneZ_
Then you not only don't know what constitutes as "evidence", but you also haven't looked at the actual evidence. ... aid of explosives.
Actually, the official version ... to believe them.
Originally posted by -PLB-
But some people ... be serious.
Explosions in an office fire are to be expected and in no way evidence for demolition charges. That is a huge leap of faith. There is a very extensive video and audio record from that day, none show these signs of controlled demolition you talk about.
I for one would like all the doubt removed and all the evidence that contradicts the OS to be proven to be misunderstandings. It's no fun to think the elite global interests can do and will do whatever they want without regard to anyone but themselves.
Originally posted by -PLB-
(One of the reasons, in my opinion, is that truthers are happy with status quo. An investigation would destroy their conspiracy theory which they are addicted to.)
Originally posted by esdad71
reply to post by Yankee451
Why do you choose an obscure line from a reference book instead of a quote from the designers themselves?
How about any of these guys...The Port Authority's Engineering Department served as foundation engineers, Joseph R. Loring & Associates as electrical engineers, and Jaros, Baum & Bolles as mechanical engineers. Tishman Realty & Construction Company was the general contractor on the World Trade Center project. Guy F. Tozzoli, director of the World Trade Department at the Port Authority, and Rino M. Monti, the Port Authority's Chief Engineer, oversaw the project.
There are 2 instances that describe what they could withstand...
1. In designing the World Trade Center, Leslie Robertson considered the scenario of the impact of a jet airliner, the Boeing 707, which might be lost in the fog, seeking to land at JFK or at Newark airports.
2. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)actually mentioned a white paper that described the impact of a jet at 600 mph , They did investigate it.
Also, look into the Vierendeel trusses or the fact that When the WTC was designed it needed to meet code standards from the 30's. Not to high tech.
Planners spent hours doing mathematical stress calculations of all kinds, but they confirmed their work by constructing an exact model which was subjected to costly, but necessary, wind tunnel tests.
Originally posted by esdad71
reply to post by Yankee451
Why do you mention the NIST report; a report full of distortions and omissions. Why are you so unyielding on new information?
Leslie Robertson was responsible for the sway-reduction features of the towers.
One of the fascinating aspects of designing the structure of the twin towers was to conduct tests on human subjects to see just how much sway they would accept. Engineers were confident that their towers were strong and flexible. But what about people? It is possible to obtain almost any desired degree of stiffness for a building at the design stage, but very difficult to change the movement of a building after it has been completed. It was known, for example, that in a 100 mph wind, the Empire State Building, at 1,432 feet high, would sway three inches. What the structural engineers for the World Trade Center wanted to find out was just how much movement would be tolerated.43
The Seattle firm of consulting engineers actually built two swaying rooms to test people's reactions. It was found that many people were reluctant to believe that a room could move at all. One man had to brace himself in a corner to avoid falling down, yet he still refused to accept the idea that the room was moving. The consultants lured unsuspecting subjects in Eugene, Oregon, to an optometrist's office for ''free eye exams" in a building that had once housed a car dealership. Once there, the subjects walked through the dealership into a trailer out back which was set up on springs to sway at various rates of acceleration. A similar experiment was conducted back in New York. An office, dangling from a cable, was set up inside an airshaft of the Lincoln Tunnel. It was then pushed back and forth to see how people would react. 44 From the results of both tests, it was determined that people at the trade center would accept up to eleven inches of slow or "damped" sway. In other words, they could keep working even if the outside winds reached 140 miles per hour.45 Psychologists asked to estimate how much sway office workers in skyscrapers could get used to said, "People will get used to almost anything."46
Wind was not only a consideration in allowing for sway, it was an important factor in selecting the glass for the twin towers. Powerful gusts can shatter windows, so for the sake of safety tempered glass eight times stronger than needed was specified. Planners designed the towers to withstand prolonged winds of 150 miles per hour, a severe condition that New York has never experienced. That kind of wind would give each tower a thirteen-million-pound pushthe equivalent of being smashed by a large ocean freighter. Planners spent hours doing mathematical stress calculations of all kinds, but they confirmed their work by constructing an exact model which was subjected to costly, but necessary, wind tunnel tests.47
In addition to worrying about the effects of the wind on the structural integrity of the towers, architects and engineers also took some pity on the hapless pedestrian buffeted by the wind. Critics say they could have done more about the problem, but at least they took it into account. It is a fact that winds deflected by buildings can reach speeds of two or three times what they would achieve in an open space. Wind speeds of thirty-five miles per hour or more at ground level are often found in urban areas. Not only are they unpleasant, they are dangerous as well. Such winds create an environment where it is difficult to get about.
The World Trade Center was placed on a site that ranks among the windiest in New York City. It was one of the first large-scale projects where the impact of the wind on pedestrian comfort was taken into account through aerodynamic analysis. The fundamental question: How close could the two towers be placed to each other?
The answer is that they could not have been placed any closer than they are without creating an intolerable "slot" effect that would have created a major acceleration of wind speed, and possibly a catastrophic "tuning fork" effect, that is, sympathetic vibration between the towers.
Then please explain all of the distortions and omissions.
Instead of quoting a table book, why not find some of the quotes from the designers and architects
Finally, Yamasaki revealed his ideas about two towers surrounded by a plaza and the other buildings. Yamasaki unveiled a drawing.
"It's great. It's a beautiful plan! Does it meet my program?" asked Tozzoli.
"No, it doesn't. It's two million feet short," said Yamasaki.
"Why is that?"
"You can't build buildings taller than eighty floors."
"Why is that?"
"They just don't do it"
"Yama, President Kennedy is going to put a man on the moon. I want you to build me the tallest buildings in the world."
We might expect to find reason for these professional failures in the misfortune of Yamasaki’s private life. Not surprisingly, the architect’s personal history was punctuated by its own string of disasters. He faced the harsh reality of being a nisei during World War II (relocated to the East Coast, Yamasaki escaped internment) and barely escaped death from a bleeding ulcer (just before completion of the Records Center and Pruitt-Igoe). He left his wife and three children, remarried, married again (a Japanese mail-order bride), and then finally remarried his first wife. Somewhere in between was a period of dismal health involving four operations in five months which left Yamasaki addicted to synthetic morphine.
A building commissioned in 1951 by the Department of Defense was built without a sprinkler system, and then burned in a spectacular fire. That building, the U.S. Military Personnel Records Center in St. Louis, Missouri, housed 38 million individual service records and 4,000 employees. When it was completed in 1956, the six-story concrete and aluminum behemoth was one of the twenty largest buildings in the world.
Less than twenty years later, in July 1973, a fire tore through the building, burning out of control for more than two days. It was the weekend of the official end of the draft, and the news was all bombs and impeachment. Over the previous two years, the Records Center had reported a dozen small fires, all started intentionally. This one, set shortly after midnight on July 12, appeared to be another case of arson. No one died in the blaze, set when only 50 employees were on duty, but sixteen to eighteen million military personnel files, many of them irreplaceable, were lost. Today, the Personnel Records Center informs those seeking information that, as a result of the fire, it cannot provide access to 80 percent of army files on personnel discharged between 1912 and 1960, as well as 75 percent of air force personnel discharged between 1947 and 1964. Information about hundreds of thousands of veterans vanished from the face of the earth. The building survived
Yamasaki’s designs, a sort of corporate gothic, articulated the will of the institutions that commissioned them. It was an honor to have IBM, Consolidated Gas, the Defense Department, and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey as his clients, even if they wanted their buildings with no fire sprinklers, or in a no man’s land, or too tall. “Since they were the client,” he said of the Records Building in St. Louis, “we went along with their option.” Yamasaki’s firm was selected for the design of the World Trade Center precisely because he could be counted on to be agreeable, to accommodate the developer’s demands
Viscoelastic (VE) dampers are dependent on both relative velocity and displacement to dissipate energy. VE damping system in Twin Towers is a double-layer shear damper using a 3M material, which is a rubber derivative, glued to steel plate and angle irons. This material will carry some load (which is temperature-dependent and would be less than the two-bolt connection as shown) as it displaces. As installed it has several functions:
1. It develops continuity moment at the end of joist girder, that is, the joist girders will behave as partial continuous members under Dead and Live load. It is partially restrained under Wind load.
2. It restrained the lower chord of the joist girder (in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the joist). Therefore it stabilizes the concrete diaphragm. Note that for a 4-inch thick concrete slab spanning 60 feet, it would buckle if there were no joist girder. It also transfers compression load through bottom chord.
3. Joist girder-column connection is a moment connection.
4. It reduces the energy to be absorbed by the joist girder and the columns under Wind load.
As the temperature rises, 3M materials would loose its load carrying capacity, i.e. its energy-dissipating capacity. This is equivalent as loosing the two-bolt connection because it will act as though there is gaps between the steel plate and the angle irons. As a result, several things would occur:
1. The joist girder is no longer a continuous member. Therefore, even under Dead and Live load, its top chord would rotate more relatively to its supporting column.
2. All the compression or tension force to the diaphragm would go through the top chords only.
3. More rotation between the top chord and its respective column under Wind load.
4. No more lateral restraint for the bottom chord and the joist girder could buckle laterally and the slab diaphragm would follow.
And the result is a tremendous demand on the connection between the top chord and its supporting column.
Let be clear that the VE damping system is a novelty design. First of its kind in the World. First of its kind implemented in a skyscraper.
Originally posted by esdad71
reply to post by Yankee451
HIjacking a thread does not mean answering a question. Nice excuse though...
Then please explain all of the distortions and omissions.
Originally posted by esdad71
reply to post by Yankee451
I guess you are correct. If you feel that it is bunk then it is your choice. Then what type of report would prove it to you that NIST was correct? What if there was an independent investigation that showed there were no explosives. Would you concede and then understand the events of that day?
What if there was an independent investigation that showed there were no explosives.
Originally posted by Yankee451
reply to post by esdad71
What if there was an independent investigation that showed there were no explosives.
I wouldn't hold my breath waiting for an "independent" investigation. It'd be like waiting for the NAZIs to hold an independent investigation of the Reichstag fire.
But now that the NIST report is proven bunk, you'll stop referring to it as a source, right?
I already wrote why I do not believe there were explosives: complete lack of evidence. I also wrote what evidence would convince me.
Originally posted by esdad71
reply to post by Yankee451
Please watch the whole video instead of a still that just shows damage? Kind of like finding the obscure line in a book to fit your theory.
www.youtube.com...
I see a huge impact. There would not be severed columns there because the plane did not strike there. The resulting explosion has to go somewhere so the first place would be the closest to the impact. Path of least resistance as you guys always say? It is not as if it is ab explosion 20-30 floors below...that would be odd. That picture also does not support the JASSM either....
Also, which footage did the still come from...which brother?