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Originally posted by Doodle19815
Has anyone mentioned this site yet? I am tired and have been looking at maps all night. I wanted to take a brake so I started thinking about this site again. It has a lot of papers for download that are a little over my knowledge range but maybe ya'll can make heads or tails out of it.
CSEP
Initial development of the CSEP testing center is funded by the W. M. Keck Foundation.
CSEP has several testing centers around the world and is expanding. Live testing centers include:
Southern California Testing Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
GNS, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
EU Testing Center at ETH Zurich
Earthquake prediction is one of the most difficult problems in physical science and, owing to its societal implications, one of the most controversial. The Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability (CSEP) Project will be organized around three related questions:
How should scientific earthquake predictions be conducted and evaluated?
What is the intrinsic predictability of the earthquake rupture process?
Can knowledge of large-earthquake predictability be deployed as useful predictions; i.e., reliable advance warning of potentially destructive events?
In response to public expectations, scientists have long sought a heroic answer to Question (3): the discovery of a precursory phenomenon or pattern that can reliably signal when a fault is approaching a large earthquake. While it is premature to say such deterministic predictions are impossible, this “silver bullet approach” has not been successful so far. An alternative is a “brick-by-brick approach” to Question (2): building an understanding of earthquake predictability through interdisciplinary, physics-based investigations of active fault systems across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales.
However, the study of earthquake predictability has been impeded by the lack of an adequate experimental infrastructure—the capability to conduct scientific prediction experiments under rigorous, controlled conditions and evaluate them using accepted criteria specified in advance (Question 1). To remedy this deficiency, SCEC is working with its international partners to develop a virtual, distributed laboratory with a cyberinfrastructure adequate to support a global program of research on earthquake predictability.
The CSEP Project will have rigorous procedures for registering prediction experiments, community-endorsed standards for assessing probabilistic predictions, access to authorized data sets and monitoring products, and software support to allow researchers to participate in prediction experiments and update their procedures as results become available.
For more detailed information, please read our Executive Summary.
We will be writing a new proposal to NSF and the USGS to fund SCEC activities beyond 2/1/2002 during 2000.
1. Stress transfer from plate motion to crustal faults: long-term fault slip rates
2. Stress-mediated fault interactions and earthquake clustering: evaluation of mechanisms
3. Evolution of fault resistance during seismic slip: scale-appropriate laws for rupture modeling
4. Structure and evolution of fault zones and systems: relation to earthquake physics
5. Causes and effects of transient deformations: slow slip events and tectonic tremor
6. Seismic wave generation and scattering: prediction of strong ground motions
Through its CEO Program, SCEC offers a wide range of student research experiences, web-based education tools, classroom curricula, museum displays, public information brochures, online newsletters, workshops, and technical publication
A major focus of the CEO program since 2008 has been organizing the Great California ShakeOut drills and coordinating closely with ShakeOuts in other states and countries. The purpose of the Shakeout is to motivate all Californians to practice how to protect ourselves during earthquakes (“Drop, Cover, and Hold On”), and to get prepared at work, school, and home. 7.9 million people participated in the 2010 ShakeOut, up from 6.9 million in 2009. More than 500 TV and radio news stories across the state and country aired in the days surrouding the drill, including a lengthy story on CBS Sunday Morning, and over 300 print stories appeared, including a front-page photo in the New York Times. Recruitment is well underway for the 2011 ShakeOut, with over 7.1 million participants registered as of August 31; the goal is to exceed 9 million. I would like to encourage California members of the SCEC community to register for the ShakeOut (at www.shakeout.org) and to encourage their institutions to join USC and others that are already registered
The emphasis right now will take the form of a steady increase in PSA's in the region coupled with a lead up to what's called "The Great California Shake Out". You'll hear more, you'll see more, about this routine drill than you have ever before. Both USGS and Washington agree that this will be a "subtle yet aggressive" effort to prepare as many people without disclosing a full blown, "one of a kind", sanctioned warning.“
emphasis mine
Kagan (“Testing Global Long-Term Earthquake Forecasts”) produced an improved global earthquake forecast that is updated daily. This model is based on smoothed seismicity, and includes focal mechanism forecasts. Because of the daily update of the model, it successfully forecast a high earthquake probability at the location and time of the 2011 M9.0 Tohoku, Japan, earthquake, based on the occurrence of the M7.5 foreshock two days earlier (Figure 59). This model is less successful for great earthquakes that were not preceded by foreshocks, such as the 2004 M9.3 Sumatra earthquake.
Earthquake forecasts, particularly frequently-updated time-dependent forecasts, could be improved through a better understanding of what triggers earthquakes. Bürgmann et al. (“Static vs. Dynamic Triggering of Earthquakes and Tremor at Parkfield”) found that repeating earthquakes at Parkfield tend to be preceded, at higher rates that expected, by up to several days by earthquake that transfer >1 kPa of static stress. Immediate triggering, within a few seconds to minutes, can happen when the separation distance is within a few km. Short-term triggering only occurs when the triggered repeating event is already late in its recurrence cycle, so the regularity of the repeating events is not substantially impacted
M8 Study
The SCEC M8 study comprises a set of scenario earthquake simulations of magnitude 8.0 southern San Andreas ruptures. The M8 scenario earthquake is an Mw 8.0 earthquake that ruptures the entire 545-km length of the southern San Andreas Fault, from Cholame in central California to the southern termination of the San Andreas Fault on the Salton Sea. The SCEC M8 earthquake scenario represents the outer scale required for standard California seismic hazard calculations because there are few, if any, larger ruptures in the existing USGS Unified California Earthquake Rupture Forecast (UCERF 2.0)
Running the M8 earthquake simulation involved a two-step process. First, we ran a dynamic rupture simulation, on NICS Kraken supercomputer, to create a physically realizable slip-time history on the fault. Second, we ran a ground motion simulation, on NCCS Jaguar supercomputer (the world’s fastest at the time), to model the anelastic seismic wave propagation from the fault rupture. The latter calculation represented the 3D seismic velocity structure by 436 billion mesh points and ran for 24 hours on Jaguar at full machine scale (more than 223,000 cores), making it the largest-ever earthquake simulation. The M8 simulation team, led by Y. Cui, was recognized as an ACM Gordon Bell Finalist in 2010
The M8 simulation results have led to several significant scientific conclusions: (1) the likelihood that large ruptures on the San Andreas fault will transition from sub-shear speeds during rupture propagation; (2) the importance of directivity and basin effects in ground motion amplification at high frequencies; and (3) the need to model off-fault plastic yielding and non-linear site effects at frequencies above 1 Hz
These unexpectedly high peak ground motions, at frequencies above 1Hz, indicate a need to model the plastic yielding of near surface layers at higher frequencies. Until now, SCEC deterministic simulations at lower frequencies have not needed to model this additional non-linear behavior. Results from M8 show that SCEC simulations will need to model non-linear behavior as our deterministic simulations reach frequencies above 1Hz.
M8 Study
The SCEC M8 study comprises a set of scenario earthquake simulations of magnitude 8.0 southern San Andreas ruptures. The M8 scenario earthquake is an Mw 8.0 earthquake that ruptures the entire 545-km length of the southern San Andreas Fault, from Cholame in central California to the southern termination of the San Andreas Fault on the Salton Sea. The SCEC M8 earthquake scenario represents the outer scale required for standard California seismic hazard calculations because there are few, if any, larger ruptures in the existing USGS Unified California Earthquake Rupture Forecast (UCERF 2.0)
See my post above for a quake prediction there. The guy doing the predicting measures kinetic energy heat and I guess this area(Salton Sea) is extremely high right now. I tried to look up how that is done, but could not find anything.