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Originally posted by RadeonGFXRHumanGTXisAlien
I don't think Black Africans did, there's way to many flaws in the "nubian" theory.
This seems to be more brainwashing by Farrakhan and his cronies, don't get fooled comrade.
"The living peoples of the African continent are diverse in facial characteristics, stature, skin color, hair form, genetics, and other characteristics. No one set of characteristics is more African than another. Variability is also found in "sub-Saharan" Africa, to which the word "Africa" is sometimes erroneously restricted. There is a problem with definitions. Sometimes Africa is defined using cultural factors, like language, that exclude developments that clearly arose in Africa. For example, sometimes even the Horn of Africa (Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea) is excluded because of geography and language and the fact that some of its peoples have narrow noses and faces.
However, the Horn is at the same latitude as Nigeria, and its languages are African. The latitude of 15 degree passes through Timbuktu, surely in "sub-Saharan Africa," as well as Khartoum in Sudan; both are north of the Horn. Another false idea is that supra-Saharan and Saharan Africa were peopled after the emergence of "Europeans" or Near Easterners by populations coming from outside Africa. Hence, the ancient Egyptians in some writings have been de-Africanized. These ideas, which limit the definition of Africa and Africans, are rooted in racism and earlier, erroneous "scientific" approaches." (S. Keita, "The Diversity of Indigenous Africans," in Egypt in Africa, Theodore Clenko, Editor (1996), pp. 104-105. [10])
"Analysis of crania is the traditional approach to assessing ancient population origins, relationships, and diversity. In studies based on anatomical traits and measurements of crania, similarities have been found between Nile Valley crania from 30,000, 20,000 and 12,000 years ago and various African remains from more recent times (see Thoma 1984; Brauer and Rimbach 1990; Angel and Kelley 1986; Keita 1993). Studies of crania from southern predynastic Egypt, from the formative period (4000-3100 B.C.), show them usually to be more similar to the crania of ancient Nubians, Ku#es, Saharans, or modern groups from the Horn of Africa than to those of dynastic northern Egyptians or ancient or modern southern Europeans." (S. O. Y and A.J. Boyce, "The Geographical Origins and Population Relationships of Early Ancient Egyptians", in Egypt in Africa, Theodore Celenko (ed), Indiana University Press, 1996, pp. 20-33)
Originally posted by m1991Some of them were black. Some were white. Egypt is a mix. Some are black Nubians and you can see this in their art.
"There is now a sufficient body of evidence from modern studies of skeletal remains to indicate that the ancient Egyptians, In general, the inhabitants of Upper Egypt and Nubia had the greatest biological affinity to people of the Sahara and more southerly areas.".. In general, the inhabitants of Upper Egypt and Nubia had the greatest biological affinity to people of the Sahara and more southerly areas." (Nancy C. Lovell, " Egyptians, physical anthropology of," in Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt, ed. Kathryn A. Bard and Steven Blake Shubert, ( London and New York: Routledge, 1999) pp 328-332)
Generally Africans who are south of Cancer have black skin, most of them north have olive skin and Caucasian features and some of them from the Atlas Mountains and north coast look straight up white.
"The raw values in Table 6 suggest that Egyptians had the “super-Negroid” body plan described by Robins (1983).. This pattern is supported by Figure 7 (a plot of population mean femoral and tibial lengths; data from Ruff, 1994), which indicates that the Egyptians generally have tropical body plans. Of the Egyptian samples, only the Badarian and Early Dynastic period populations have shorter tibiae than predicted from femoral length. Despite these differences, all samples lie relatively clustered together as compared to the other populations." (Zakrzewski, S.R. (2003). "Variation in ancient Egyptian stature and body proportions". American Journal of Physical Anthropology 121 (3): 219-229.
"During an excavation headed by the German Institute for Archaeology, Cairo, at the tombs of the nobles in Thebes-West, Upper Egypt, three types of tissues from different mummies were sampled to compare 13 well known rehydration methods for mummified tissue with three newly developed methods. .. Skin sections showed particularly good tissue preservation, although cellular outlines were never distinct. Although much of the epidermis had already separated from the dermis, the remaining epidermis often was preserved well (Fig. 1). The basal epithelial cells were packed with melanin as expected for specimens of Negroid origin." --(A-M Mekota and M Vermehren. (2005) Determination of optimal rehydration, fixation and staining methods for histological and immunohistochemical analysis of mummified soft tissues. Biotechnic & Histochemistry 2005, Vol. 80, No. 1, Pages 7-13
Originally posted by RadeonGFXRHumanGTXisAlien
I don't think Black Africans did, there's way to many flaws in the "nubian" theory.
This seems to be more brainwashing by Farrakhan and his cronies, don't get fooled comrade.
NAME a foreign pharaoh
the word pyra-mid is greek though!..pyra means flame in greek....stop using greek!...
yes and my point is..the so-called hyksos of the 18th dynasty were NOT foreign....their ideology was....they were all related to the bloodline....ahmose..the first king of the new kingdom...WAS UPPER EGYPTIAN....they fought for a new ideology...
Please, just knock it off already. Really, it seems like Blacks are incapable of accomplishing anything of their own,
so the only thing to do at this point is just try to steal others' accomplishments. Pathetic.
Black Egypt? Sorry, but no.
Look, if Blacks really want to be considered equals, then I suggest they set out and actually achieve something of their own.
But all they're doing with stuff like this is making themselves more of a laughingstock.
just why is it that seemingly all of their mummies and artwork apparently suggest otherwise?
1) Listing random African countries.....I'm not seeing the point.
2) The whole "European atrocity" thing is something I've spoken of extensively before; I do not wish to get into it yet again. Besides, it's off topic anyway.
3) It seems as if there were many racial types in Ancient Egypt, including a handful of Blacks (I actually said nothing to the contrary), but to bluntly call it a "Black civilization"......I think not.
4) Huh? Where did I say that the Ancient Egyptians were White? Still, it's clear that some of them WERE in fact White; certainly not all of them, but some of them. Look into it.
By the way, if the Ancient Egyptians really were Black, just why is it that seemingly all of their mummies and artwork apparently suggest otherwise?
Originally posted by Bleak
Please, just knock it off already. Really, it seems like Blacks are incapable of accomplishing anything of their own, so the only thing to do at this point is just try to steal others' accomplishments. Pathetic. Black Egypt? Sorry, but no.
Look, if Blacks really want to be considered equals, then I suggest they set out and actually achieve something of their own. No one's stopping them. But all they're doing with stuff like this is making themselves more of a laughingstock.
......By the way, if the Ancient Egyptians really were Black, just why is it that seemingly all of their mummies and artwork apparently suggest otherwise?
"The Mahalanobis D2 analysis uncovered close affinities between Nubians and Egyptians. Table 3 lists the Mahalanobis D2 distance matrix... In some cases, the statistics reveal that the Egyptian samples were more similar to Nubian samples than to other Egyptian samples (e.g. Gizeh and Hesa/Biga) and vice versa (e.g. Badari and Kerma, Naqada and Christian). These relationships are further depicted in the PCO plot (Fig. 2).
The clustering of the Nubian and Egyptian samples together supports this paper's hypothesis and demonstrates that there may be a close relationship between the two populations. This relationship is consistent with Berry and Berry (1972), among others, who noted a similarity between Nubians and Egyptians.
Both mtDNA (Krings et al., 1999) and Y-Chromosome data (Hassan et al., 2008; Keita, 2005; Lucotte and Mercier, 2003) indicate that migrations, usually bidirectional, occurred along the Nile. Thus, the osteological material used in this analysis also supports the DNA evidence.
On this basis, many have postulated that the Badarians are relatives to South African populations (Morant, 1935 G. Morant, A study of predynastic Egyptian skulls from Badari based on measurements taken by Miss BN Stoessiger and Professor DE Derry, Biometrika 27 (1935), pp. 293–309.Morant, 1935; Mukherjee et al., 1955; Irish and Konigsberg, 2007). The archaeological evidence points to this relationship as well. (Hassan, 1986) and (Hassan, 1988) noted similarities between Badarian pottery and the Neolithic Khartoum type, indicating an archaeological affinity among Badarians and Africans from more southern regions. Furthermore, like the Badarians, Naqada has also been classified with other African groups, namely the Teita (Crichton, 1996; Keita, 1990).
Nutter (1958) noted affinities between the Badarian and Naqada samples, a feature that Strouhal (1971) attributed to their skulls possessing “Negroid” traits. Keita (1992), using craniometrics, discovered that the Badarian series is distinctly different from the later Egyptian series, a conclusion that is mostly confirmed here. In the current analysis, the Badari sample more closely clusters with the Naqada sample and the Kerma sample. However, it also groups with the later pooled sample from Dynasties XVIII–XXV.
The reoccurring notation of Kerma affinities with Egyptian groups is not entirely surprising. Kerma was an integral part of the trade between Egypt and Nubia.
However, the archaeological evidence actually showed slow change in form over time (Adams, 1977) and the biological evidence demonstrated a similar trend in the skeletal data (e.g. Godde, in press; Van Gerven et al., 1977). These conclusions negate the possibility of invasion or migration causing the shifts in time periods. The results in this study are consistent with prior work; the Meroites and X-Group cluster with the remaining Nubian population and are not differentiated.
Gene flow may account for the homogeneity across these Nubian and Egyptian groups and is consistent with the biological diffusion precept. Small geographic distances between groups allow for the exchange of genes.
The similarities uncovered by this study may be explained by another force, adaptation.. resemblance may be indicative of a common adaptation to a similar geographic location, rather than gene flow
Egypt and Nubia have similar terrain and climate. Because of the similarity between and the overlapping of the two territories that would require similar adaptations to the environment, common adaptation cannot be discounted.
Gene flow appears likely between the Egyptians and Nubians, although common adaptations to a similar environment may have also been a factor in their cranial similarities. This study does not rule out the possibility that in situ biological evolution occurred at other times not represented by the samples in this analysis. "
-- Godde K. (2009) An Examination of Nubian and Egyptian biological distances: Support for biological diffusion or in situ development? Homo. 2009;60(5):389-404.
Originally posted by Bleak
reply to post by De La Valletta
1) Listing random African countries.....I'm not seeing the point.
3) It seems as if there were many racial types in Ancient Egypt, including a handful of Blacks (I actually said nothing to the contrary), but to bluntly call it a "Black civilization"......I think not.
Previous analyses of cranial variation found the Badari and Early Predynastic Egyptians to be more similar to other African groups than to Mediterranean or European populations (Keita, 1990; Zakrzewski, 2002). In addition, the Badarians have been described as near the centroid of cranial and dental variation among Predynastic and Dynastic populations studied (Irish, 2006; Zakrzewski, 2007). This suggests that, at least through the Early Dynastic period, the inhabitants of the Nile valley were a continuous population of local origin, and no major migration or replacement events occurred during this time.
Studies of cranial morphology also support the use of a Nubian (Kerma) population for a comparison of the Dynastic period, as this group is likely to be more closely genetically related to the early Nile valley inhabitants than would be the [Late Dynastic Egyptians, who likely experienced significant mixing with other Mediterranean populations (Zakrzewski, 2002).-- AP Starling, JT Stock. (2007). Dental Indicators of Health and Stress in Early Egyptian and Nubian Agriculturalists: A Difficult Transition and Gradual Recovery. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 134:520–528
4) Huh? Where did I say that the Ancient Egyptians were White? Still, it's clear that some of them WERE in fact White; certainly not all of them, but some of them. Look into it.
Originally posted by Bleak
reply to post by De La Valletta
1) Listing random African countries.....I'm not seeing the point.
3) It seems as if there were many racial types in Ancient Egypt, including a handful of Blacks (I actually said nothing to the contrary), but to bluntly call it a "Black civilization"......I think not.
Previous analyses of cranial variation found the Badari and Early Predynastic Egyptians to be more similar to other African groups than to Mediterranean or European populations (Keita, 1990; Zakrzewski, 2002). In addition, the Badarians have been described as near the centroid of cranial and dental variation among Predynastic and Dynastic populations studied (Irish, 2006; Zakrzewski, 2007). This suggests that, at least through the Early Dynastic period, the inhabitants of the Nile valley were a continuous population of local origin, and no major migration or replacement events occurred during this time.
Studies of cranial morphology also support the use of a Nubian (Kerma) population for a comparison of the Dynastic period, as this group is likely to be more closely genetically related to the early Nile valley inhabitants than would be the [Late Dynastic Egyptians, who likely experienced significant mixing with other Mediterranean populations (Zakrzewski, 2002).-- AP Starling, JT Stock. (2007). Dental Indicators of Health and Stress in Early Egyptian and Nubian Agriculturalists: A Difficult Transition and Gradual Recovery. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 134:520–528
4) Huh? Where did I say that the Ancient Egyptians were White? Still, it's clear that some of them WERE in fact White; certainly not all of them, but some of them. Look into it.
Originally posted by De La Valletta
From the hyksos; Sakir-har , from persia;Xerxes I of Persia , from the greeks;Alexander the great , then Ptolemy Soter. The list goes on.
Also , the name khemet. Now I will admit , I don't know if there's any connection but from it you can get , khemystery and All-Khemy , just something I've allways wondered about.
Originally posted by masterp
If ancient Egyptians were black, how come they are not drawn with negroid features?
All art coming out of Negroid Africa portraits people with large dlat noses and big lips. However, no Egyptian drawings show such people.
Personally, I think it is logical to assume that Ancient Egyptians did not have Negroid features.
If so then why do we need to send them so many billions of dollars each year in Aid?
They need us for modern medicine. So...The whole topic is how many pages of pointless drivel?