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Not long ago, Machu Picchu was voted one of the New Seven Wonders of the World, a result that will surprise none of the millions of people who’ve visited the spectacular stone citadel in the sky. What most visitors to Peru don’t know, however, is that the country is thick with ancient Inca wonders.
Arguably the greatest Inca ruin outside of Machu Picchu, this gargantuan complex overlooks the city of Cusco. Sacsahuaman is believed to have once been a royal retreat, a fortress, or both. Its zigzag walls are built with some of the largest stones to be found in Inca masonry; some are estimated to weigh as much as 300 tons, yet are fit together as tightly as the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle.
These ruins, overlooking the Urubamba River less than an hour northeast of Cusco, are notable for their Inca waterworks and beautiful, curving agricultural terraces, which offer excellent vistas of the Sacred Valley. The religious buildings in particular are as finely made as those at Machu Picchu, and the site features one of Peru’s only remaining intihuatanas, enigmatic carved rocks that were used for astronomical observation.
Intihuatana, the hitching post of the sun, is possibly the last remaining seasonal sun dials in Peru. The rest were destroyed by the Spaniards, who as Catholics, found them to be paganistic.
In 1536, this settlement was the site of the Inca's greatest military victory over the invading Spaniards. Today, it is one of the only towns in Peru that retains its original Inca walls and street grid, dominated by long, ancient stone walls that once divided groups of homes around communal courtyards. An imposing set of stone terraces (from which the Inca assaulted their Spanish invaders with slingshots and arrows), capped by six enigmatic slabs of pink granite, looms above the town.
The Inca were brilliant engineers who strove to integrate their architecture with its natural surroundings. Tipon, a 500-acre site built around a spring near Cusco, has been called their masterpiece of water management. Because the waterworks were constructed as part of a country estate for Inca nobility, Tipon has beautiful stone structures akin to those at Machu Picchu, built in the imperial Inca style, with trapezoidal doors, and serviced by finely cut stone fountains.
This picturesque set of terraces, long stairways and stone canals is located 20 km south of the city. Evidence suggests that Tipon was part of a royal hacienda belonging to Inca Yahuar Huaca, as well as a place of worship and agricultural research. An outstanding is the sense of harmony in the channeling of water via stone structures including aqueducts (some of which are underground), waterfalls and gullies, indicating the Incas' knowledge of hydraulics.
An outstanding is the sense of harmony in the channeling of water via stone structures including aqueducts (some of which are underground), waterfalls and gullies, indicating the Incas' knowledge of hydraulics
A mysterious set of monuments in Peru make up the oldest solar observatory in the Americas, according to a new study. The 2,300-year-old Thirteen Towers of Chankillo were used for marking the sun's position throughout the year—an activity that was part of the sun-worshipping culture of the Inca, the study authors said. The large stone towers are arranged in a line along a ridge near Chankillo, a walled hilltop ruin north of Lima.
History
Caral was inhabited between roughly 2600 BCE and 2000 BCE, enclosing an area of 66 hectares.[2] Caral was described by its excavators as the oldest urban center in the Americas, a claim that was later challenged as other ancient sites were found nearby. Accommodating more than 3,000 inhabitants, it is the best studied and one of the largest Norte Chico sites known.
The radiocarbon work of Jonathan Haas et al., found that 10 of 95 samples taken in the Pativilca and Fortaleza areas dated from before 3500 BC; the oldest, dating from 9210 BC, provides "limited indication" of human settlement during the Pre-Columbian Early Archaic era.
Originally posted by sailormon
My wife and I visited these site a few years ago and I was impressed beyond expression. We had a very verbal and knowledgeable tour guide and I asked how those big rocks were moved by simple technology. He looked at me blankly and answered, "they had a lot of patience". He was in fact a local Indian, an Aztec, a nice guy but had no clue how these things were constructed.
Quite frankly, the size is so larg, even modern equipment could not move some of the rocks considering where they were quarried and moved from. I walked roads that were put down by the Indians originally and they were still in fine shape after hundreds of years. I tend to agree, some outside help was needed here or at least knowledge that is lost today.
Originally posted by sailormon
My wife and I visited these site a few years ago and I was impressed beyond expression. We had a very verbal and knowledgeable tour guide and I asked how those big rocks were moved by simple technology. He looked at me blankly and answered, "they had a lot of patience". He was in fact a local Indian, an Aztec, a nice guy but had no clue how these things were constructed.
Originally posted by sailormon
He was in fact a local Indian, an Aztec, a nice guy but had no clue how these things were constructed.
Originally posted by GonzoSinister
Any chance they were hiding as most of the Natives of south amaerica have a very similar creation story involving a huge flood and escaping from this, could they be building up high to prevent being caught out again? learning from there mistakes?