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Publishers Weekly : Amazon Review :
Gardner, a columnist and senior writer for the Ottawa Citizen, is both matter-of-fact and entertaining in this look at fear and how it shapes our lives.
Although we are capable of reason, says Gardner, we often rely instead on intuitive snap judgments.
We also assume instinctively, but incorrectly, that if examples of something can be recalled easily, that thing must be common.
And what is more memorable than headlines and news programs blaring horrible crimes and diseases, plane crashes and terrorist attacks?
In fact, such events are rare, but their media omnipresence activates a gut-level fear response that is out of proportion to the likelihood of our going through such an event.
It doesn't help that scientific data and statistics are often misunderstood and misused and that our risk assessment is influenced less by the facts than by how others respond.
Gardner's vivid, direct style, backed up by clear examples and solid data from science and psychology, brings a breath of fresh air and common sense to an emotional topic.
(June) Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc.
All rights reserved.
Quote from : Wikipedia : Espionage
Espionage or spying involves an individual obtaining information that is considered secret or confidential without the permission of the holder of the information.
Espionage is inherently clandestine, lest the legitimate holder of the information change plans or take other countermeasures once it is known that the information is in unauthorized hands.
Espionage is usually part of an institutional effort by a government or corporation, and the term is most readily associated with state spying on potential or actual enemies, primarily for military purposes.
Spying involving corporations is known as industrial espionage.
One of the most effective ways to compile information about an enemy (or potential enemy) is by infiltrating the enemy's ranks.
This is the job of the spy.
Spies can bring back all sorts of information concerning the size and strength of an enemy army.
They can also find dissidents within the enemy's forces and influence them to defect.
In times of crisis, spies can also be used to steal technology and to sabotage the enemy in various ways.
Counterintelligence operatives can feed false information to enemy spies, protecting important domestic secrets and preventing attempts at subversion.
Nearly every society has very strict laws concerning espionage, and the penalty for being caught is often death.
However, the benefits that can be gained through espionage are generally felt to outweigh the risks.
See clandestine HUMINT for the basic concepts of such information collection, and subordinate articles such as clandestine HUMINT operational techniques and clandestine HUMINT asset recruiting for discussions of the tradecraft used to collect this information.
Quote from : Wikipedia : Defense of Marriage Act
The Defense of Marriage Act (Pub.L. 104-199, 110 Stat. 2419, enacted September 21, 1996, 1 U.S.C. § 7 and 28 U.S.C. § 1738C) is a United States federal law signed into law by President Bill Clinton on September 21, 1996 whereby the federal government defines marriage as a legal union between one man and one woman.
Under the law, also known as DOMA, no state (or other political subdivision within the United States) may be required to recognize as a marriage a same-sex relationship considered a marriage in another state.
The law passed both houses of Congress by large majorities.
Quote from : Wikipedia : Puritan Migration to New England
The Puritan migration to New England was very marked in its effects in the two decades from 1620 to 1640, after which it declined sharply for a while.
The term Great Migration usually refers to the migration in this period of English settlers, primarily Puritans to Massachusetts and the warm islands of the West Indies, especially the sugar rich island of Barbados, 1630-40.
They came in family groups, rather than as isolated individuals and were motivated chiefly by a quest for freedom to practice their Puritan religion.
...
King James I of England made some efforts to reconcile the Puritan clergy in England, who had been alienated by the conservatism blocking reform in the Church of England.
Puritans adopted Calvinism (Reformed theology) with its de-emphasis on ritual and an emphasis on preaching, a growing sabbatarianism, and preference for a presbyterian system of church polity.
They opposed religious practices in the Church that at any point came close to Roman Catholic ritual.
Quote from : Wikipedia : Puritan Migration to New England : Relgious Freedom and Tolerance
The Puritans created a deeply religious, socially tight-knit, and politically innovative culture that is still present in the modern United States.
They hoped this new land would serve as a "redeemer nation."
They fled England and in America attempted to create a "nation of saints": an intensely religious, thoroughly righteous community designed to be an example for all of Europe.
Roger Williams, who preached religious toleration, separation of Church and State, and a complete break with the Church of England, was banished and founded Rhode Island Colony, which became a haven for other refugees from the Puritan community, such as Anne Hutchinson.
Quakers were brutally expelled from Massachusetts, but they were welcomed in Rhode Island.
Quote from : Wikipedia : Talmud
The Talmud (Hebrew: תַּלְמוּד talmūd "instruction, learning", from a root lmd "teach, study") is a central text of mainstream Judaism, in the form of a record of rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, philosophy, customs and history.
The Talmud has two components: the Mishnah (c. 200 CE), the first written compendium of Judaism's Oral Law; and the Gemara (c. 500 CE), a discussion of the Mishnah and related Tannaitic writings that often ventures onto other subjects and expounds broadly on the Tanakh.
The terms Talmud and Gemara are often used interchangeably.
The Gemara is the basis for all codes of rabbinic law and is much quoted in other rabbinic literature.
The whole Talmud is also traditionally referred to as Shas (ש"ס), a Hebrew abbreviation of shisha sedarim, the "six orders" of the Mishnah.
Amazon Review :
If the experts could point to any single book as a starting point for understanding the subject of intelligence from the late twentieth century to today, that single book would be Allen W. Dulles's The Craft of Intelligence.
This classic of spycraft is based on Allen Dulles's incomparable experience as a diplomat, international lawyer, and America's premier intelligence officer.
Dulles was a high-ranking officer of the CIA's predecessor-the Office of Strategic Services-and was present at the inception of the CIA, where he served eight of his ten years there as director.
Here he sums up what he learned about intelligence from nearly a half-century of experience in foreign affairs.
In World War II his OSS agents penetrated the German Foreign Office, worked with the anti-Nazi underground resistance, and established contacts that brought about the Nazi military surrender in North Italy.
Under his direction the CIA developed both a dedicated corps of specialists and a whole range of new intelligence devices, from the U-2 high-altitude photographic plane to minute electronic listening and transmitting equipment.
Dulles reveals much about how intelligence is collected and processed, and how the resulting estimates contribute to the formation of national policy.
He discusses methods of surveillance, and the usefulness of defectors from hostile nations.
His knowledge of Soviet espionage techniques is unrivaled, and he explains how the Soviet State Security Service recruited operatives and planted "illegals" in foreign countries.
He spells out not only the techniques of modern espionage but also the philosophy and role of intelligence in a free society threatened by global conspiracies.
Dulles also addresses the Bay of Pigs incident, denying that the 1961 invasion was based on a CIA estimate that a popular Cuban uprising would ensue.
This account is enlivened with a wealth of personal anecdotes.
It is a book for readers who seek wider understanding of the contribution of intelligence to our national security.
Quote from : Wikipedia : Alfred Redl
Alfred Redl (March 14, 1864 – May 25, 1913) was an Austrian officer who rose to head the counter-intelligence efforts of Austria-Hungary.
He was one of the leading figures of pre-World War I espionage.
His term in office was marked by innovation, and he used very high technology for the time to ensnare foreign intelligence agents.
But he was himself a spy for the Russians.
Claims that Redl also worked for secret services of France and Italy have appeared much later but they were neither confirmed nor disproved reliably.
...
Redl's motives for treason are still unclear.
He may have been caught in a compromising position by Russian agents, since he was homosexual and being exposed as such would have been fatal to his career prospects.
Actually, Russian military intelligence, based in Warsaw at the time, under the command of Colonel Nikolai Batyushin, had discovered Redl's homosexuality as early as 1901, information that was used to blackmail him into revealing classified information.
He was paid well for his services, and had a lifestyle far above what his official salary could cover.
It is not unusual for people to be blackmailed into spying and then being well-paid for it as a means of ensuring that they continue.
It would appear that there was also a strong element of vanity involved, as well as a taste for the dangers.
A Russian report of 1907 describes Redl as "more sly and false than intelligent and talented", a cynic "who enjoys dissipation."
Quote from : Wikipedia : Lever
In physics, a lever (from French lever, "to raise", cf. a levant) is a rigid object that is used with an appropriate fulcrum or pivot point to either multiply the mechanical force (effort) that can be applied to another object or resistance force (load), or multiply the distance and speed at which the opposite end of the rigid object travels.
This leverage is also termed mechanical advantage, and is one example of the principle of moments.
A lever is one of the six simple machines.
Early Use:
The earliest remaining writings regarding levers date from the 3rd century BC and were provided by Archimedes.
"Give me a place to stand, and I shall move the earth with a lever" is a remark of Archimedes who formally stated the correct mathematical principle of levers (quoted by Pappus of Alexandria).
Amazon Review :
In The Tao of Spycraft, for the first time anywhere Ralph Sawyer unfolds the long and venerable tradition of spycraft and intelligence work in traditional China, revealing a vast array of theoretical materials and astounding historical developments.
Encompassing extensive translations of relevant portions of theoretical military manuals previously unknown in the West (such as the T'ai-pai Yin-ching, Hu-ling Ching, and Ping-fa Pai-yen), the book spans centuries to trace the development and expansion of agent concepts, insertion and control methods, recruitment, and covert practices such as assassination, subversion, and sexual entrapment and exploitation, going on to explore counter-intelligence and all aspects of military intelligence, including objectives, analysis and interpretation.
But The Tao of Spycraft is more than an examination of military tactics, it also provides a thorough overview of the history of spies in China, emphasizing their early development, ruthless employment, and dramatic success in subverting famous generals, dooming states to extinction, and facilitating the rise of the first imperial dynasty known as the Ch'in.
The cases discussed-particularly those exploiting women and sex-not only became part of China's general mindset over the ages, but coupled with the theoretical writings remain the basis for the study and teaching of contemporary spycraft methods and practices as the PRC trains and aggressively deploys thousands of agents throughout the world, including the United States.
Amazon Review :
A rare glimpse into how Soviet Spetsnaz and KGB units protected and defended their country from perceived enemies - inside and outside its borders.
Includes special sections for Alpha Teams on assassination, sabotage and kidnapping.
Quote from : Wikipedia : Espionage : History
Incidents of espionage are well documented throughout history.
The ancient writings of Chinese and Indian military strategists such as Sun-Tzu and Chanakya contain information on deception and subversion.
Chanakya's student Chandragupta Maurya, founder of the Maurya Empire in India, made use of assassinations, spies and secret agents, which are described in Chanakya's Arthasastra.
The ancient Egyptians had a thoroughly developed system for the acquisition of intelligence, and the Hebrews used spies as well, as in the story of Rahab.
Spies were also prevalent in the Greek and Roman empires.
During the 13th and 14th centuries, the Mongols relied heavily on espionage in their conquests in Asia and Europe.
Feudal Japan often used ninja to gather intelligence.
More recently, spies played a significant part in Elizabethan England (see Francis Walsingham).
Many modern espionage methods were well established even then.
The Cold War involved intense espionage activity between the United States of America and its allies and the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China and their allies, particularly related to nuclear weapons secrets.
Recently, espionage agencies have targeted the illegal drug trade and those considered to be terrorists.
Different intelligence services value certain intelligence collection techniques over others.
The former Soviet Union, for example, preferred human sources over research in open sources, while the United States has tended to emphasize technological methods such as SIGINT and IMINT.
Both Soviet political (KGB) and military intelligence (GRU 3) officers were judged by the number of agents they recruited.
Amazon Review :
Was IBM, "The Solutions Company," partly responsible for the Final Solution?
That's the question raised by Edwin Black's IBM and the Holocaust, the most controversial book on the subject since Daniel Jonah Goldhagen's Hitler's Willing Executioners.
Black, a son of Holocaust survivors, is less tendentiously simplistic than Goldhagen, but his thesis is no less provocative: he argues that IBM founder Thomas Watson deserved the Merit Cross (Germany's second-highest honor) awarded him by Hitler, his second-biggest customer on earth.
"IBM, primarily through its German subsidiary, made Hitler's program of Jewish destruction a technologic mission the company pursued with chilling success," writes Black. "IBM had almost single-handedly brought modern warfare into the information age [and] virtually put the 'blitz' in the krieg."
The crucial technology was a precursor to the computer, the IBM Hollerith punch card machine, which Black glimpsed on exhibit at the U.S. Holocaust Museum, inspiring his five-year, top-secret book project.
The Hollerith was used to tabulate and alphabetize census data.
Black says the Hollerith and its punch card data ("hole 3 signified homosexual ... hole 8 designated a Jew") was indispensable in rounding up prisoners, keeping the trains fully packed and on time, tallying the deaths, and organizing the entire war effort.
Hitler's regime was fantastically, suicidally chaotic; could IBM have been the cause of its sole competence: mass-murdering civilians?
Better scholars than I must sift through and appraise Black's mountainous evidence, but clearly the assessment is overdue.
The moral argument turns on one question: How much did IBM New York know about IBM Germany's work, and when?
Black documents a scary game of brinksmanship orchestrated by IBM chief Watson, who walked a fine line between enraging U.S. officials and infuriating Hitler.
He shamefully delayed returning the Nazi medal until forced to--and when he did return it, the Nazis almost kicked IBM and its crucial machines out of Germany.
(Hitler was prone to self-defeating decisions, as demonstrated in How Hitler Could Have Won World War II.)
Bolded and underlined by SKL
Originally posted by hope4better
I must say, Excellent page. I totally agree with you on all your points. Whereas I fully understand the bias against homosexuals I completely disagree with it. Other than the people involved in a relationship, no one else should be involved. I applaud you and your vision. Fear is an amazing tool, which our government has put to use.
Originally posted by eathis
Thank you for the great post and more information/confirmation.
I have this one friend who hates homosexuals and hates all genres of music except his one it sickens me how all this influence from past times has shaped peoples minds so much, I told him he's not going to have an interesting life if he only has two interests.
edit on 25-3-2011 by eathis because: (no reason given)
Originally posted by SpartanKingLeonidas
I do not particularly agree with homosexuality, but it is because of a personal preference, not a bias.
Originally posted by Annee
Originally posted by SpartanKingLeonidas
I do not particularly agree with homosexuality, but it is because of a personal preference, not a bias.
How do you agree or disagree with homosexuality?
That is an odd statement.
Originally posted by SpartanKingLeonidas
I do not believe in it.
Personally, I think Government needs to stay out of everyone's bedroom, and or closet.
I do not believe the Federal Government should have any right, any legislation, or say in what you do, or do not do in your bedroom.
When a Government becomes that nosey they are far too powerful.
Originally posted by Annee
Originally posted by SpartanKingLeonidas
I do not believe in it.
You do not believe in it?
Another odd statement.
Originally posted by SpartanKingLeonidas
Come on, Annee, you're smarter than that, I know that for a fact.
Amazon Review :
The perilous ramifications of the September 11 attacks on the United States are only now beginning to unfold.
They will undoubtedly be felt for generations to come.
This is one of many sad conclusions readers will draw from Craig Unger's exceptional book House of Bush House of Saud: The Secret Relationship Between the World's Two Most Powerful Dynasties.
As Unger claims in this incisive study, the seeds for the "Age of Terrorism" and September 11 were planted nearly 30 years ago in what, at the time, appeared to be savvy business transactions that subsequently translated into political currency and the union between the Saudi royal family and the extended political family of George H. W. Bush.
On the surface, the claim may appear to be politically driven, but as Unger (a respected investigative journalist and editor) probes--with scores of documents and sources--the political tenor of the U.S. over the last 30 years, the Iran-Iraq War, the war in Afghanistan, the birth of Al Qaeda, the dubious connection between members of the Saudi Royal family and the exportation of terror, and the personal fortunes amassed by the Bush family from companies such as Harken Energy and the Carlyle Group, he exposes the "brilliantly hidden agendas and purposefully murky corporate relationships" between these astonishingly powerful families.
His evidence is persuasive and reveals a devastating story of Orwellian proportions, replete with political deception, shifting allegiances, and lethal global consequences.
Unger begins his book with the remarkable story of the repatriation of 140 Saudis directly following the September 11 attacks.
He ends where Richard A. Clarke begins, questioning the efficacy of the war in Iraq in the battle against terrorism. We are unquestionably facing a global security crisis unlike any before.
President Bush insists that we will prevail, yet as Unger so effectively concludes, "Never before has an American president been so closely tied to a foreign power that harbors and supports our country's mortal enemies."
--Silvana Tropea
Quote from : Wikipedia : Counterintelligence Failures : UK Counterintelligence Failures, Kim Philby, and U.S. Counterintelligence Failures
A group of Soviet sympathizers, in respected positions in British society, formed the Cambridge Five, sometimes called the Cambridge Four, and it has never been established how many active agents were involved.
Of these, the most devastating was Kim Philby.
Other confirmed members included Donald Duart Maclean, Guy Burgess, and Anthony Blunt.
See Cambridge Five for other suspets.
Kim Philby was an effective Soviet agent while in the British counterintelligence service, warning the Soviets of countersurveillance, while casting suspicion on loyal officers.
Philby came under suspicion but was able to escape to the USSR.
Philby even was, at one time, considered as a possible head of MI5.
He was able to protect numerous Soviet operations in Britain.
British intelligence also suffered from internal suspicion that may or may not have been directed at the right targets, but caused suspicion to be thrown at the highest counter-intelligence officers, with severe effects on morale.
Peter Wright, while later extremely controversial about revelations his 1987 book, Spycatcher: The Candid Autobiography of a Senior Intelligence Officer, also developed techniques that allowed the UK to track numerous Soviet clandestine agents, and agents under diplomatic cover (Wright 1987).
Kim Philby
US counterespionage failures
James Jesus Angleton, the legendary CIA director of counterespionage and a poet himself, used T. S. Eliot's term "an infinity of mirrors" to describe the intricacies of agent to double agent to triple agent so common in counterespionage, with works describing him as paranoid, while others described him as brilliant.
Perhaps the truth may only emerge with the novelist's pen.
It is clear that searches for foreign penetration, whether present or not, came close to paralyzing US intelligence.
Bolded by SKL.
Originally posted by Annee
Originally posted by SpartanKingLeonidas
Come on, Annee, you're smarter than that, I know that for a fact.
I find it odd after all you posted that you would use certain phrasing.
You give your explanation of what it means, OK. But - it was/is like a blinking red light to me.
I do appreciate the approach you have taken on this subject.
Originally posted by SpartanKingLeonidas
I do not believe in it.
I do not particularly agree with homosexuality