It looks like you're using an Ad Blocker.
Please white-list or disable AboveTopSecret.com in your ad-blocking tool.
Thank you.
Some features of ATS will be disabled while you continue to use an ad-blocker.
For posting a balanced equation of the thermite reaction?
page 23 of Jones paper. Did you actually read the paper?
The reaction in the absence of air is obvious from the stoichiometry. All of these metal oxide reductions with aluminum run this way.
2Al + Fe2O3 --> Al2O3 + 2 Fe
The size of the particles doesn't matter to the way the reaction runs or theoretical energy output; nanoparticulate thermite just reacts faster. This reaction doesn't need air and if anyone wanted to show even the possibility of thermite, they must first run the reaction in the absence of air.
Pg (23)2Al + Fe2O3 Al2O3 + 2Fe (molten iron), H = 853.5
kJ/mole.
Commercially available thermite behaves as an incendiary
when ignited [6], but when the ingredients are ultra-fine
grain (UFG) and are intimately mixed, this “nano-thermite”
reacts very rapidly, even explosively, and is sometimes referred
to as “super-thermite” [20, 22].
We would like to make detailed comparisons of the red chips with known super-thermite composites, along with
comparisons of the products following ignition, but there are
many forms of this high-tech thermite, and this comparison
must wait for a future study. Meanwhile, we compare with
products of commercially available (macro-) thermite. During
ignition of thermite, we have observed that many spheres
and spheroids are formed as part of the molten product of the
reaction is vigorously scattered.
Now for a little chemistry review. Once again, the reaction is the same regardless of particle size. Nano means small particle size and just makes the reaction go faster.
Reactions with nano-sized particles don't make any more energy than thermodynamics allows.
"Superthermites" use tiny particles of aluminum known as "nanoaluminum" (
Originally posted by roboe
reply to post by pteridine
Not to mention, at least one (possibly two) of the samples were at serious risk of being contaminated.
I'll have to look around a bit for confirmation, but I'm fairly sure at least one of the samples came from a lady, who shared her apartment with an artist who works with metals and welding.
Also, another one of the samples was collected from the Brooklyn Bridge, so how could be excluded that such a sample was the product of local maintenance?
Originally posted by Doctor Smith
reply to post by GenRadek
In fact, burning garbage creates iron containing spheres as well. Must be thermite
No it doesn't. What a joke. Ordinary fire doesn't get hot enough to melt iron period. You just don't seem capable of understanding that fact. Must be all the mercury immunizations.
It is unfortunate that you have absolutely no knowledge of chemistry and thermodynamics and insist on arguing based on cut and paste from the someclownsfortruth sites.
Note that the nano thermite uses exactly the same stoichiometry as regular thermite.
The total theoretical energies are the same.
The difference lies in how fast the energy comes out.
The finer the size, the quicker the reaction but the total is the same.
Pg( 27)Again,
conventional thermite is regarded as an incendiary whereas
super-thermite, which may include organic ingredients for
rapid gas generation, is considered a pyrotechnic or explosive
[6, 24]. As this test was done in air it is possible that
some of the enhancement of energy output may have come
from air oxidation of the organic component.[/wx]
Pg (23)Many of these spheres were iron rich
and elemental iron was found in the post-ignition debris.
Further, the DSC traces demonstrate that the red/gray chips
react vigorously at a temperature below the melting point of
aluminum and below the ignition (oxidation) point of ultrafine
ultrafine
grain (UFG) aluminum in air [18].
[edit on 7-8-2010 by impressme]
Pg (23)Many of these spheres were iron rich
and elemental iron was found in the post-ignition debris.
Further, the DSC traces demonstrate that the red/gray chips
react vigorously at a temperature below the melting point of
aluminum and below the ignition (oxidation) point of ultrafine
ultrafine
grain (UFG) aluminum in air [18].
These observations
reminded us of nano-thermite fabricated at the Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory and elsewhere; available
papers describe this material as an intimate mixture of UFG
aluminum and iron oxide in nano-thermite composites to
form pyrotechnics or explosives [19-21]. The thermite reaction
involves aluminum and a metal oxide, as in this typical
reaction with iron oxide:
2Al + Fe2O3 Al2O3 + 2Fe (molten iron), H = 853.5
kJ/mole.
Commercially available thermite behaves as an incendiary
when ignited [6], but when the ingredients are ultra-fine
grain (UFG) and are intimately mixed, this “nano-thermite”
reacts very rapidly, even explosively, and is sometimes referred
to as “super-thermite” [20, 22]
Jones talks about ENERGY/VOLUME yield but shows his plot as ENERGY/MASS because he weighed the chips.
You cannot compare the two although Jones attempts to.
Is he trying to con people or is he just incompetent?
He claims " We suggest that the organic material in evidence in the red/gray chips is also highly energetic “ but when we compare ENERGY/MASS data, NO COMBINATION of the thermite and any of his explosives will produce the energy output per unit mass that his data shows for the two more energetic chips.
Fig. (30). Energy release for monomolecular explosives HMX, TNT and TATB, for energetic composite Al/Fe2O3, [21] and energy release
by mass for four red/gray chips found in the WTC dust as measured in a Differential Scanning Calorimeter.
This means COMBUSTION MUST BE occurring. Because he did the DSC in air, he doesn’t have any idea how much of the energy is due to combustion.
Then you quote Pg (22) “However, the evidence obtained in the DSC analyses is more compelling that a thermitic reaction actually occurs as in that case ignition is observed when the red material is heated to no more than 430 °C. as super nano thermite.”
This may be compelling to people who have no idea how to do chemical analyses, such as Steven Jones. He erroneously assumes a thermite reaction when he has oxygen and organic binder present.
He erroneously assumes a thermite reaction when he has oxygen and organic binder present.
The DSC proves only that carbon burns.
Apparently, Jones has not yet discovered fire. His science lags a little; maybe you can help him out and explain fire to him.
Originally posted by impressme
I think it is only fare to say the debunkers could not put up any sources or science to back their claims. As far as I am concern, Jones Thermite paper still stands, until new science can disprove Jones Thermite paper.
Do not be fooled by opinions.
Why don’t you do your own testing, and write your own paper and have it peer reviewed to show your science against Jones paper. Time to move on.