Originally posted by soficrow
Originally posted by Amaterasu
No... Their choice to "reclassify" these accounts had everything to do with the fact that now they can freeze them at will.
I agree - Citibank's after-the-fact explanation is a little too complicated.
...And sounds an awful lot like damage control.
Reasonable Explanation - Please read
Okay, first of all, banking IS VERY complicated... particularly the Federal Reserve System. I have read through the Regulation D manual and here is
what I believe is the reason for the seven days:
The whole idea of "reserves" is to determine how much cash they have to keep in the bank, compared to the amount they have out on loan. This is
known as the "reserve ratio." Obviously, when you put money into a bank, you are indirectly giving them a right to loan that money out, and the Fed
only requires them to maintain 1/10th of the total deposits as cash. Now, in Regulation D they explain that this reserve amount is calculated every
seven days, so in order to allow them do the correct calculations, they essentially must be allowed to prevent a large withdrawal (or many small
withdrawals) from happening within that seven day window.
As an example, let's say that on Monday they had 20 billion in deposits. Simplifying the calculations, they would have to keep 2 billion (1/10th) in
cash. Now, if they only had 1.5 billion in cash, they would "purchase" 500 million from the Fed so as to have the correct cash ratio.
Now, as long as the cash withdrawals don't go over 2 billion for the week, everything is okay. But, what if some big millionaire wants to withdraw
100 million on Tuesday? Or what if a million customers try to withdraw so much that the bank would go past their 2 billion in reserves? They can't
just call up the Fed and order more cash, because the Fed only allows the ratio to be recalculated every seven (or for some accounts 14) days.
So, at the end of each week, the bank looks at it's normal withdrawal rates, and also any unusual withdrawals that someone has given notice on, and
they determine how much reserve they will need for the coming week.
This really is nothing to worry about. What Citibank said is that they had put into place a safer FDIC policy during 2009, where each account was
guaranteed for it's entire amount (not just the normal $100,000), and that under that scheme, they could get immediate withdrawal coverage under that
particular insurance policy.
Now that they believe the financial crisis is essentially over, they are electing to return to the normal (and cheaper) FDIC coverage of $100,000 per
account. This required them to notify customers of the Regulation D issue, which requires them to recalculate their reserve ratio once a week,
thereby imposing a potential 7-day lock on big withdrawals (or any withdrawal that would cause them to exceed their cash reserves).
I took the time to read the Reserve Maintenance Manual, and indeed there is a 7-day reserve ratio recalculation period, so what they have said makes
perfect sense. Most people don't really understand how banking works, and they just believe that everyone's deposits are just sitting there at all
times, and that you can just waltz in any time you want and take as much out as you want. Nothing could be further from the truth.
Under normal banking conditions, where people are not rushing to the bank to pull their money out because of ignorant fear, the 10% reserve ratio
seems to hold up well, especially if people use credit cards and EFTPOS transactions.
Since the FDIC only covers $100,000 per account, if you have more than $100,000 in a single account you may want to spread your money across multiple
accounts, and even multiple large banks.
Anyhow, I hope this helps to bring some understanding to the complex banking language and protocols.
[edit on 20-2-2010 by downisreallyup]