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A section of an A36 wide flange beam retrieved from the collapsed World Trade Center Building 7 was examined to determine changes in the steel microstructure ... Rapid deterioration of the steel was a result of heating with oxidation in combination with intergranular melting due to the presence of sulfur. The formation of the eutectic mixture of iron oxide and iron sulfide lowers the temperature at which liquid can form in this steel. This strongly suggests that the temperatures in this region of the steel beam approached ~1,000ºC, forming the eutectic liquid ...."
The high levels of calcium, strontium, and sulfur concentrations found in the near-surface sediments of the cores, are consistent with presence of gypsum as a parent material. Gypsum is extensively used as drywall in building construction. Copper and zinc are also common components of building materials.
Sulfur Dioxide
Sulfur dioxide dissolves in water or steam to form sulfurous acid. Liquid sulfur dioxide corrodes iron, brass, copper, and some forms of plastic and rubber. Many metals, including zinc, aluminum, cesium, and iron, incandesce and/or ignite in unheated sulfur dioxide.
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) gas, released from burning organic materials, and/or from decomposing Gypsum, in the burning piles will spontaneously combine (react) with cold or hot iron, adding more heat to the iron, and adding "sulfides" to the steel and thus lowering its effective melting temperature.
it is important to understand that general rule in chemistry that most chemical reactions (e.g., oxidation of iron) are accelerated by higher temperatures. This is especially true of iron oxidation. This means, that the hotter iron metal in contact with oxygen is, the faster it will oxidize (burn). For example, it is a familiar sight at iron foundries to see hot iron rust forming instantaneously on red-hot iron beams. This hot rust usually falls off spontaneously (because of the difference in thermal expansion properties between iron and rust). Meaning, a hot iron beam, if combined with a large enough number of other hot iron beams in a confined or semi insulated pile (e.g., covered with cement dust), will burn CONTINUOUSLY until it consumes itself, (and thus will appear to have been "vaporized" to those not looking for the rust residue). It will just thin away (and turn into rust), as illustrated by this photo of burned and thinned I-beam metal recovered from the rubble of the WTC tower........................
Sometimes a big load of iron in a ship can get hot. The heat can even set other materials on fire. That’s because the iron is rusting, which means it is burning very, very slowly. Iron rusts in a chemical reaction called oxidation. That means the iron reacts with oxygen gas from the air. Oxidation is the chemical reaction that occurs when anything burns in air. Like most oxidations, rusting gives off heat."
One of the America's top air-quality scientists test the air around Ground Zero and tells NBC's Lisa Myers and the NBC Investigative Team he was shocked to find alarming levels of sulfuric acid and fine particles more than three weeks after the attack. (MSNBC, October 29, 2003)
Originally posted by pteridine
One sample, location 1 figure C13 also showed a nice Calcium peak, suggesting that CaSO4 may well have been the source of the sulfur.
Originally posted by Exactly
The $20 bill shows it all.
Originally posted by GenRadek
reply to post by bsbray11
its been explained. A few times.
A section of an A36 wide flange beam retrieved from the collapsed World Trade Center Building 7 was examined to determine changes in the steel microstructure ... Rapid deterioration of the steel was a result of heating with oxidation in combination with intergranular melting due to the presence of sulfur. The formation of the eutectic mixture of iron oxide and iron sulfide lowers the temperature at which liquid can form in this steel. This strongly suggests that the temperatures in this region of the steel beam approached ~1,000ºC, forming the eutectic liquid ...."
www.tms.org...
And going back to the sulfur source, THAT came from the decomposition of the gypsum in the drywall, which produced sulfur dioxide.
Also some more info here on the copper and calcium:
www.eurekalert.org...
SO2 behaves as both a reducing and oxidizing agent. I hope you understand what that means.
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) gas, released from burning organic materials, and/or from decomposing Gypsum, in the burning piles will spontaneously combine (react) with cold or hot iron, adding more heat to the iron, and adding "sulfides" to the steel and thus lowering its effective melting temperature.
more on what oxidation is and how IT works:
Originally posted by GenRadek
The purpose of NIST was to investigate what brought DOWN the WTC, not what happened to the debris weeks and months later.
Originally posted by bsbray11
It's not a fact that the sulfur came from the drywall, it's speculation and not even NIST and FEMA say it definitely came from any particular source.
I hope you understand the difference between a theory and a fact, or even evidence.
"Debunking911.com" is not a reliable source for this information. If you posted it from a chemistry website, that would be one thing, but the guy who runs debunking911.com is a JREF troll, an armchair debunker, much like yourself, and I have seen him make up all kinds of crap.
Show me similar statements from an independent website, that sulfur dioxide can result in a spontaneous eutectic reaction on steel.
Oxidation was only a minor (albeit necessary) component of the reaction. Oxidation alone results in nothing. Sulfur dioxide may be corrosive, but I'd like to see you come up with a legitimate chemical source stating that it will spontaneously cause a eutectic reaction.
The guy who runs debunking911.com is no more an expert in chemistry as you or me, so why should I take his word for it?
Originally posted by audas
The most compelling evidence for US government involvement in 9/11 is the FACT that the CIA brought those responsible into the country and trained them.
Their application for visas into the US was denied by the consulate officials but overruled by the CIA.
What other evidence do you need other than direct absolute PROOF that the US government was involved in 911 beyond the FACT that they ORDERED the terrorists be allowed INTO THE COUNTRY.
Thats NOT speculation - thats a stone cold fact - case closed.
Originally posted by mmiichael
A chemical reaction will take place when materials are together under certain conditions - temperature, durations, etc.
Jonathan Barnett, professor of fire protection engineering said one can only infer actual circumstances at Ground Zero given that it is impossible to recreate the exact conditions and variable ever again.
Originally posted by pteridine
reply to post by Swing Dangler
I would accept some inside jobbers explaining how and why they did it. Physical evidence of the "how." So far there is none. There is much speculation and many questions, but no real evidence, no complete story, no detailed proposal backed by anything.
Originally posted by rush969
So I´ll say it again. But I believe it´s pointless:
WTC had a big hole inside it. It had been remodeled and the structure of the building was supported by a few KEY beams.
One of the main beams gave way and began a chain reaction.
If demolition was "SO OBVIOUS" we wouldn´t be having this discussion.
Originally posted by bsbray11
Especially when you have "explosive paint" that is also in the dust. But forget it, you're smarter than a former Los Alamos nuclear research scientist, too.