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Originally posted by weedwhacker
reply to post by scott3x
Sorry scott... used shorthand AND made a mistake RE: the MMO for a B757:
Lost you here, laugh :-). Mach .88 I get. But what does FL350 mean? And how do you figure out what the standard temperature is at any given altitude? Also, I'm not sure what I'm trying to solve or how I should go about solving it ;-).
Had another airplane in mind, and typed M.88 INSTEAD of M.86 which IS the actual published MMO Limitation for the Boeing 757.
Originally posted by weedwhacker
Originally posted by scott3x
But what does FL350 mean?
Sorry again, I forget that the shorthand won't make sense to everyone...."FL" means 'Flight Level'.
Term 'Flight Level' refers to a pressure altitude when the altimeters are set in the Kollsman window to 29.92 in. hg. (inches mercury) or 1016 mb (millibars) as is the reference in most of the World, other than the U.S.
Originally posted by weedwhacker
This is the internationally accepted STANDARD Sea Level Pressure.
Flight Levels are used above certain altitudes (depending on nation) for simplicity, especially in high-speed flights. Altitmeter corrections due to prevailing local differences are not needed this way, and eveyone is on an equal footing, with reference to their respective altitudes.
In North America, the change/over altitude is 18,000 (FL180) because this comfortably clears the highest mountainous terrain.
(Internationl pilots who fly overseas will know, for instance, that the "transistion altitude" varies by country...in the UK, fo rinstance, it is 6,000 feet (FL60).
Hope this unsolicited lesson isn't too offensive. AND hope it clears up some terms...
ON TOPIC....this is a question raised RE: American 77.
DID the hijacker piloting the airplane reset any of the altimeters to the 'local' setting? (30.22 that morning, reported at KDCA - National Airport) Or, did the guy leave them at where they would have been set by the real pilots during the climb -- 29.92???
FYI, the difference there is about 300 feet. 1,000 feet equals about ONE inch, as a rule of thumb, at lower altitudes (like below 10,000 feet)
Let's take a look at the altitude. The altimeter in the animation, according to the flight data recorder, shows 180 feet one second prior to impact. Let's see if this is accurate. All aircraft have an altimeter that measure aircraft height above sea level, according to barometric pressure.
Note in the animation provided by the NTSB that the aircraft altimeter shows 300 feet while it's sitting on the runway, ready for take off. This is the field elevation above sea level for Dulles Airport, as the pilots have set the local barometric pressure of 30.21. To set the altimeter to the local barometric pressure, pilots use this window. This altimeter shows 29.92. To change that to the correct local barometric pressure, they use this nob.
This is a diagram from the FAA that shows the layout and classes of controlled and uncontrolled airspace. Once above 18,000 feet, all aircraft set their altimeters to 29.92. This is shown in the animation provided by the NTSB. As the pilots climb through 18,000 feet, they set their altitude to 29.92 from their previous barometric setting and the altimeter snaps back. Watch again. Note the aircraft doesn't change in pitch. There it is. They just set 29.92 in the window.
The hard data file that we have from the NTSB shows the altimeter being set on the climb through 18,000 and on the descent through 18,000 feet. Let's see if that's the case in the animation. Upon descent, we should see the same type of snap back we saw on the climb, however in reverse. As the aircraft descends through 18,000 feet, once the local barometric pressure is set, it will indicate actual altitude above sea level. Let's watch to see if this altimeter is being set during descent in the animation [the altimeter doesn't snap back after descending 18,000 feet]. The trend continues. There is no snap back. The altimeter is still set to 29.92. We will have to manually correct for this from here on out, as the aircraft is actually 300 feet higher than indicated.
Considering the hard data file that we have shows the altimeter being set through 18,000 feet, and the animation does not, that is a blatant coverup to make the animation aircraft appear lower than it actually is.
So let's correct this altimeter to the local barometric pressure. Reagan national was recording 30.22 at the time. This is an altimeter simulator, both aircraft are at 180 feet, both altimeters are at 29.92. When we put in the correct local barometric pressure of 30.22, we'll get the aircraft's actual altitude, the true altitude. You'll notice that it's at 455 feet. That's its true altitude. We'll put in the local temperature as well, and we'll notice that the correction is at 479 feet above sea level. That is the correct altimeter setting. The wrong altimeter setting was 29.92.
So what does this mean, true altitude, actual altitude, indicated altitude, height above sea level. Well, when we compare it to the ground elevation and the light poles, it shows 43 feet above sea level. The flight data recorder shows the aircraft at 479 feet above sea level. Unless those poles were almost 440 feet, according to the flight data recorder provided by the NTSB, the aircraft was too high to hit the light poles. And to get an idea of what it looks like in the airplane when you set the altimeter to the correct local barometric pressure. Put 30.22 in there, and it gives you your actual height above sea level.
Now let's take a look at vertical speed. Measuring from a speed within the aircraft envelope and noting the altitude and time, we can get the vertical speed. Watch how this aircraft is flown during this final maneuver. It actually increases vertical speed. Never shows the aircraft levelling. We note the final altitude and the time, and we get a calculation of 4,620 feet per minute for that leg. However, when we look at the DOD video, it appears something is level across the lawn. The flight data recorder shows that the aircraft never levelled off. Watch again. Never see it pull up. As a matter of fact it pushes down further, using the same vertical speed.
And if the aircraft was low enough to hit the light poles, based on the same vertical speed, it would have crashed long before hitting the pentagon.
Placing the aircraft on the south path, lowered from the FDR altitude of 699 feet above sea level at this point in space to the top of the VDOT antenna, we can examine the pull up needed at pole 1 and measure the radius using a 3 point ark radius tool provided with this 3d animation software program.
Remember, the scale of this presentation is 100 feet= 1 cm box. To get an idea of how we demonstrate this in 3d software, we switch to an orthogonal view. An orthogonal view is different than a perspective view in that it eliminates the effect of distance from a viewpoint. Therefore, we can accurately determine radius of an ark and precisely draw an ark based on the pull up needed in this view.
Here is the ark drawn in the orthogonal view. We will remove the topography and obstacles in order to get a better view of the ark drawn. Again, we we will demonstrate the accuracy of the scale and topography at the end of this presentation.
The radius of this ark is 20.85 centimeters. But remember the scale of this presentation is 1 cm= 100 ft. So we need to multiply 100 to 20.85 and we get a radius of 2,085 feet.
With the radius, we can use a simple formula required for measuring acceleration as "a = v^2 / r". This is the proper formula to use for such a problem.
Using the velocity as provided by the NTSB for both scenarios, 781 f/s, we need to square that, then divide by 2085, to get 292.5 f/s squared. We then divide that by 32 f/s squared to get 9.14 G.
[The math involved]:
781*781 = 609,961
609,961/2085 = 292.5 f/s squared
292.5 f/s squared/32 f/s squared = 9.14G
G force calculation for this pull up equals 9.14 Gs. We also need to add 1 G for earth's gravity, for a total of 10.14 Gs required.
Transport category aircraft are limited to 2.5 positive Gs. Although a 757 could perhaps withstand more G forces then 2.5, it's highly unlikely it could withstand more than 5 or 6.
Remember, this calculation is for the least challenging pull. If we hypothetically lower the aircraft altitude from the NTSB plotted altitude, to the lower height of the VDOT antenna.
As we can see G loads required to pull out of a dive from the top of the VDOT antenna are impossible for a 757. It is off the charts if we account for altitude as plotted and produced by the NTSB.
Placing the aircraft at the FDR altitude, the most challenging pull, we can measure the radius of the ark needed to pull out of such a dive.
Again, we switch to the orthogonal view, for accurate measurements and we get a radius of 576.9 feet. Plugging that radius into the same formula, and adding 1 g for earth's gravity, we get 34 Gs.
781*781 = 609,961
609,961/576.9 = 1057.3
1,057.3/32 = 33G
Impossible.
This is the proper way to determine G loads in a 2 dimensional problem such as aircraft pulling out of a dive.
This is in accordance with the official story, but at odds with all the credible witnesses
... and would have to break the laws of physics as well, as it would have had to have pulled out of an impossible dive in order to both hit the 5 light poles and enter the pentagon low and level as allegedly recorded by the pentagon parking lot video.
2- The plane approached the pentagon from the north side of the nearby Citgo gas station. This would concord with 13 credible witnesses and would also be aerodynamically possible...
Ah ok. Out of curiosity, do you know a place online where I can see this for myself?
Here is the transcription that I mentioned I would put up in my last post:
Let's take a look at the altitude. The altimeter in the animation, according to the flight data recorder, shows 180 feet one second prior to impact. Let's see if this is accurate....
The hard data file that we have from the NTSB shows the altimeter being set on the climb through 18,000 and on the descent through 18,000 feet.
Let's watch to see if this altimeter is being set during descent in the animation [the altimeter doesn't snap back after descending 18,000 feet]. The trend continues. There is no snap back. The altimeter is still set to 29.92.
We will have to manually correct for this from here on out, as the aircraft is actually 300 feet higher than indicated.
Considering the hard data file that we have shows the altimeter being set through 18,000 feet, and the animation does not, that is a blatant coverup to make the animation aircraft appear lower than it actually is.
Originally posted by weedwhacker
Well, firstly it's a little difficult to say it was exactly one second before impact. As I said, there is going to be some discrepancy in exact position based on the SSFDR, because IT gets its position info from the Inertial Reference System (IRS) which did not GPS updating at that time, on that particular airplane.
I have to take their word on the "hard data file" because I've not seen it. but, while it is natural for a professional pilot to re-zset the altimeters to local barometric setting as you pass through FL180, I hardly expect the terrorist pilot would have been that disciplined.
OK...correct, it sure does not look like the altimeter that was recording to the SSFDR was re-set from 29.92 to 30.22 (prevailing setting). Of course, in the descent it wouldn't "snap back" as they imply....what you would likely see is the altimeter reading hesitate slightly, since as you are turning the Kollsman knob, you are moving the 'hands' back as they unwind in the other direction. Capice?? Minor point, just noted from experience.
Hold on there a second, buckaroos!! How do you know that the terrorist pilot didn't RE-SET one or all of the altimeters at some point from here prior to impact? They assume that the altimeters were not re-set at all, and that is the crux of the rest of this subject, from them.
Considering the hard data file that we have shows the altimeter being set through 18,000 feet, and the animation does not, that is a blatant coverup to make the animation aircraft appear lower than it actually is.
Whoa! Strong allegation, there! Hope they can provide more 'proof'.
Well, the rest continues on the assumption that the altimeter(s) were NEVER re-set....so it's just an opinion there, and desperation on their part.
The last recorded DME value was 1.5 nautical
miles from the airport beacon transmitter.
The plane also recorded two data frames at 781 feet per second after this value was stored.
You don't use INS/IRS because it is not referenced from any ground position. DME in fact is a ground reference.
DME is accurate to within +/- 0.1 nm as per manufacturer data.
DCA
WASHINGTON VOR/DME
WASHINGTON, DC
Location
Lat/Long: 38-51-34.031N / 077-02-11.166W (38.8594531/-77.0364350)
Elevation: 9 ft.
Variation: 09W (1985)
Operational Characteristics
Type: VOR/DME
Class: L-VORW/DME
Frequency: 111.00
TACAN channel: 047X
Altitude code: L (low)
Use at high altitude: yes
Hours of operation: 24
Voice: no
Morse ID: -.. -.-. .-
NOTAM facility: DCA
FSS:
FSS hours of operation: 24
We also KNOW because the raw data file was decoded by P4T Experts and show RADAR ALTITUDE.
This is not adjusted by the pilot and it MATCHES the correction made for Pressure Altitude.
Considering the hard data file that we have shows the altimeter being set through 18,000 feet...
NO it's not desperation. I BET you don't even have a copy of the CSV file! LMAO!
Originally posted by weedwhacker
reply to post by scott3x
scott, nice thread and good to branch it off of another thread to examine directly.
Originally posted by weedwhacker
This will take some work.
Originally posted by weedwhacker
Regarding your first "South of Citgo" comment:
This is in accordance with the official story, but at odds with all the credible witnesses
No, not ALL credible witnesses. Many more disagree with the "North of Citgo allegations.
Originally posted by weedwhacker
In your opening you mention CIT's 13 witnesses. Those are the only witnesses that they (CIT) wished to include in their "investigation".
Originally posted by weedwhacker
In other words, CIT wished to have a pre-determined outcome, to fit their pre-conceived version of "facts" -- so they used only those witness' statements that were supportive of their case.
Originally posted by weedwhacker
... and would have to break the laws of physics as well, as it would have had to have pulled out of an impossible dive in order to both hit the 5 light poles and enter the pentagon low and level as allegedly recorded by the pentagon parking lot video.
That is another problem that needs to be explained, because it stems completely from a misrepresentation by "Pilots For Truth" in their video that you reference later....that's where I come in, to the best of my ability.
Originally posted by weedwhacker
Originally posted by scott3x
2- The plane approached the pentagon from the north side of the nearby Citgo gas station. This would concord with 13 credible witnesses and would also be aerodynamically possible...
Actually, they (CIT) wish for you to believe that the airplane flew over the Navy Annex structure (or slightly North of it).
Originally posted by weedwhacker
The terrain is such that it is elevated well above the roadway area where Route 27 (Washington Boulevard) is, and the light poles were downed. In addition, the Navy Annex is a series of seven parallel rectangular buildings (barracks) that are FIVE STORIES HIGH!!!! They are oriented roughly North/South, nearly perpindicular to the ground track (I will use that term from now on, since it is more descriptive than "flight path", UNLESS we are referring to a three-dimensional aspect).
I have not yet learned how to use the features to pull images from GoogleMaps to illustrate, so bear with me please.
Anyone can go to GoogleMaps and look for themselves. In the "street view" you can put your little 'pedestrian' guy on Joyce Street, to start. At 854 S. Joyce St you will see the 'Citgo' gas station. (It has since been re-named "NEX") Spin around, and you can get a feel for the topography, and elevations of terrain and structures. Please note: The large three arcing spires - the Navy Memorial - did not exist and were not under construction on 9/11/2001.
You can also move...let's call him 'Joe'...over onto Rte 27 (Washington Blvd) and explore the views.
The NTSB animation has a slight ground track shift error, in its depiction of the view as it "follows" behind the representative airplane. This is important to note --- because it completely buries one of the PFT's claims...more on that. Later.
Originally posted by weedwhacker
Keep in mind, as you look both at the top-down satellite view, and 'Joe's' view, that the airplane mostly followed the highway known as Columbia Pike (Rte 244). The three-leaf cloverleaf intersection where Rte 244 and Rte 27 cross is where the light poles were.
I think you'll also see the VDOT antenna array....IF it was actually existing in that same location on 9/11/2001, it still is not in the way, as you will see....
Take your time and enjoy the views.
Originally posted by weedwhacker
reply to post by scott3x
Ah ok. Out of curiosity, do you know a place online where I can see this for myself?
Jane's All the World's Aircraft is a valuable and accurate source on everything!! Unfortunately, you have to pay...unless someone is nice enough to post a snippet from them, which is easily found via Google search:
www.janes.com...
Originally posted by weedwhacker
Lots of goodies to know there...glad you made me hunt for it!
Originally posted by weedwhacker
Doesn't tell you everything, of course. Which is good!
Originally posted by waypastvne
reply to post by weedwhacker
Here is R.mackey's (NASA engineer) math on this subject. JREF
And a thread discussing it. JREF
Originally posted by waypastvne
BTW I am a US citizen, but I spend 4 or 5 months a year in Australia. Endless summer for the last 20 years.
Speaking as a G freak aerobatic pilot. Balsamo is an idiot, I dont need the math to see that. How could any pilot think that 33 G's is a correct answer.
Originally posted by weedwhacker
reply to post by scott3x
Ok...going to do this bit by bit....
Just refer to the post I'm referencing to, please.
Originally posted by scott3x
Here is the transcription that I mentioned I would put up in my last post:
From Pandora's Black Box - Chapter Two - Flight Of American 77, starting at 40:40, regarding the alleged black box data:
Let's take a look at the altitude. The altimeter in the animation, according to the flight data recorder, shows 180 feet one second prior to impact. Let's see if this is accurate....
Originally posted by weedwhacker
So, the P4T video goes on and on, and they describe the events accurately, and they dazzle and razzle with all the technical stuff...same stuff I get accused of!!!
Originally posted by weedwhacker
However, let's look at this assumption by them:
The hard data file that we have from the NTSB shows the altimeter being set on the climb through 18,000 and on the descent through 18,000 feet.
I have to take their word on the "hard data file" because I've not seen it.
Originally posted by weedwhacker
but, while it is natural for a professional pilot to re-set the altimeters to local barometric setting as you pass through FL180, I hardly expect the terrorist pilot would have been that disciplined.
Originally posted by weedwhacker
Originally posted by scott3x
Let's watch to see if this altimeter is being set during descent in the animation [the altimeter doesn't snap back after descending 18,000 feet]. The trend continues. There is no snap back. The altimeter is still set to 29.92.
OK...correct, it sure does not look like the altimeter that was recording to the SSFDR was re-set from 29.92 to 30.22 (prevailing setting). Of course, in the descent it wouldn't "snap back" as they imply....what you would likely see is the altimeter reading hesitate slightly, since as you are turning the Kollsman knob, you are moving the 'hands' back as they unwind in the other direction. Capice?? Minor point, just noted from experience.
Originally posted by weedwhacker
But THEN they say:
We will have to manually correct for this from here on out, as the aircraft is actually 300 feet higher than indicated.
Hold on there a second, buckaroos!! How do you know that the terrorist pilot didn't RE-SET one or all of the altimeters at some point from here prior to impact?
Originally posted by weedwhacker
They assume that the altimeters were not re-set at all, and that is the crux of the rest of this subject, from them.