reply to post by BO XIAN
I'm replying to this because after reading much of the source material you've linked to, I just think it's worth noting a few points.
While San Francisco could well have another large quake, there doesn't seem to be any seismic capability for one around a magnitude 9 close to it --
certainly not in the sense of generating a tsunami big enough to destroy the Golden Gate Bridge. Such a tsunami, or even one approaching that sort of
size, would only result from two possible seismic sources -- either a very powerful submarine subduction event, or a massive, quake-triggered
submarine landslide.
An offshore (ie submarine) mid-magnitude-9 subduction event could very well produce a huge tsunami, but even if such an event were to occur, a tsunami
in deeper water has far less effect on objects in its path than one which reaches the shore, where it tends to cumulate -- just keep building up and
building up. So, as the water around the Bridge itself is quite deep (about 300 ft -- though the Bay itself is mostly very shallow), it's not likely
that a tsunami on its own would swamp the bridge and bring it down.
Also, there is no known subduction fault close enough to SF to cause such an event. Yes, there is the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) that extends for
hundreds of miles up the coast from Nth Cal to around Vancouver, B.C., but it finishes at the triple junction about 200 miles NW of SF, but due to the
profile of the coastline even a major event on the CSZ would be very unlikely to create a tsunami for Frisco of the size that some of the visions or
prophetic statements have indicated.
Does this mean it's all just fantasy and a huge tsunami hitting SF bay is simply impossible?
No, because of the other possibility: a very large submarine landslide triggered by a large quake -- especially if the quake itself is offshore.
The San Andreas fault (SAF) runs right past SF Bay, then on out into the ocean and goes along just off the coast until it reaches the triple junction
futher north. If that section of the SAF were to let go with a strike-slip faulting event (and that's the type of fault it is, mainly), then the
sudden "shunting" of two submarine land masses in opposite directions
could cause a huge slide, and that
could generate a very large but
fairly localized tsunami that could inundate the Bay and nearby coastal regions. Landslide tsunamis can be very large, but as they have a much shorter
wavelength than subduction zone tsunamis, they tend to dissipate more rapidly. But
locally, their effects can be quite devastating and they can
even be much larger in wave height than the "typical" subduction-event tsunamis are.
The worst "worst-case scenario" that I can imagine is the following, and please note this is purely a scenario and by no means suggests it's going to
happen, either tomorrow or any time soon:
First, the CSZ lets go. In fact, it is now within the geological "time window" for another event, as the last big subduction event on the CSZ was 313
years ago and they've been dated via turbidites to occur at intervals of anywhere from a century or two up to around 1,000 years. The last event, back
in 1700, was estimated at somewhere around a magnitude 9, partly based on studies of drowned inland forests that were inundated and killed by the
tsunamis' seawater in January of that year. Also, it's estimated by experts like Chris Goldfinger and others that the last one may have come ashore at
around 30 metres high (~100 ft) in some places, especially in the WA coastal regions.
The shaking in a major subduction quake event is incredibly violent and can also last for several minutes. In the case of the CSZ, it would likely be
felt over thousands of square miles and could even have some direct effects as far south as Frisco.
But here's what makes this scenario the worst case: it's theoretically possible that if the CSZ lets go, it could trigger movement in the San Andreas
Fault as well, especially along the part that adjoins the CSZ and extends southwards towards Frisco. In that case, considering the coastal sea bed for
hundreds of miles has already been given a massive shaking by the CSZ subduction, a secondary strike-slip event on the SAF -- say in the magnitude 7
range, which is not infeasible there off the Cali coast -- could be enough to trigger a large landslide.
If this all happened in the space of just a few minutes (and that's not impossible), then an incoming subduction-triggered tsunami could meet with a
submarine landslide tsunami, and as the energy doesn't just "cancel out" and disappear but instead the waves would likely combine, then a very large
tsunami could sweep towards the very nearby coast (and the Bay) and cause huge damage. So, if the bridge had already been weakened in some ways by the
several minutes of shaking from the more-distant CSZ event, then a major tsunami might be enough to cause some amount of collapse. It would definitely
be very devastating to the closer coastal regions, even if the Bridge remained standing and more-or-less unscathed.
As I said, all of the above is purely hypothetical. But if everything occurred in the sequence I've outlined, then the visions and prophetic
statements that some have made would not be too far from the reality.
Do I expect it to happen tomorrow? No, I don't, but I also don't believe in dismissing things out of hand just because they sound far-fetched to most
of us. I look at what's physically possible, even if only theoretically. The mechanisms for such an event do exist within the region, so I thought it
worth stating. But I repeat: I do not know of
any studies that suggest a mid- to high-magnitude-9 event is possible within San Francisco
itself. However I'm just an amateur and I freely admit that, so if anyone does have some details of actual studies then by all means please post
them.
edit on 2/10/13 by JustMike because: (no reason given)