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None of the soundings show RHI > 72%, despite
the fact that the PIT rawinsonde must have passed
through contrail A on its way to the stratosphere. To
support a persistent contrail, the maximum PIT RHI from
the sonde would need to be increased by 35% or more.
Another sounding taken over western OH yielded RHI =
117% at 225 hPa. Natural cirrus clouds were passing
over the Wilmington, OH station at the time. Because it
is theorized that natural cirrus clouds can only form
adiabatically for RHI exceeding 145% or more (Sassen
and Dodd 1989), the dry bias appears to be consistent
in both clear and cloudy skies. To account for the dry
bias, a correction formula was developed by assuming
that most of contrails observed by Sassen (1997; his
Fig. 5b) should have occurred only in supersaturated
conditions. To include most of his contrail observations
above a new line representing RHI = 100%, it is
necessary to specify that RHI = 100% for the sonde
value of RH = 16% at -70°C and RHI = 100% at RH =
72% and -36°C.
www-pm.larc.nasa.gov...
According to the classical contrail formation theory,
contrails can persist when the ambient air is supersaturated
with respect to ice (that is, the environmental
relative humidity with respect to ice (RHI) is greater than
100 percent), but not with respect to water. In Sausen
et al. (1998), the use of ECMWF reanalysis data
required a contrail parameterization to compute contrail
coverage since the RHI in the ECMWF forecast model
rarely exceed 100 percent. The RUC-2 model contains
a more sophisticated cloud and moisture scheme that
allows for ice-supersaturation. Assuming that the RUC-
2 upper tropospheric moisture variables are accurate,
we can follow a much simpler statistical evaluation of
potential contrail frequency. For each 1°×1° grid
location where the criterion for persistent contrails
occurs at any level from 400 hPa to 150 hPa, a
persistence indicator value is given a value of 1. The
indicator value equals zero when none of the levels
satisfies the persistence criterion. The frequency of
potential contrail frequency over a time period becomes
simply the frequency of the persistence indicator.
www-pm.larc.nasa.gov...
Probably the best-known of the aerial geoengineering proposals was that put forward in 1997 by Edward Teller and entitled ‘Global Warming and the Ice Ages: Prospects for Physics-Based Modulation of Global Change’ subsequently popularised in the Wall Street Journal in an article entitled ‘The Planet Needs a Sunscreen’.
Teller proposed deliberate, large-scale introduction of reflective particles into the upper atmosphere, a task he claimed could be achieved for less than $1 billion a year, between 0.1 and 1.0 percent of the $100 billion he estimated it would cost to bring fossil fuel usage in the United States back down to 1990 levels, as required by the Treaty of Kyoto.
Characteristic of the politics of Teller is the fact that he both ridiculed the idea of global warming and at the same time put forward what he represented as a solution to global warming. ‘For some reason,’ Teller observed sarcastically, ‘This option isn't as fashionable as all-out war on fossil fuels and the people who use them.’
www.spectrezine.org...
Teller says that cooling caused by volcanic eruptions shows this technique would work. For exmaple, the erruption of Mexico's El Chichon in the 1980s cooled the Northern Hemisphere by about one-quarter as much as the average prediction for global warming expected by 2100.
According to Teller, the director of the U.S. Global Change Research Program's Coordination Office has been promoting such geoengineering for three decades, and one National Academy of Sciences report a few years ago commented on "the relatively low costs at which some of the geoengineering options might be implemented."
Teller and his colleagues presented their proposal for geoengineering at the 22nd International Seminar on Planetary Emergencies in August 1997.
www.ncpa.org...
(It's rense but that article happens to be well ) sourced.
Both the Pentagon,s aerosol operations and its limited nuclear wars are deeply interconnected. We can trace the beginnings of Operation Cloverleaf right to the Strangelove brain of Dr. Edward Teller, father of the hydrogen bomb and proponent of nuking inhabited coast lines to rearrange them for economic projects.31 Before he died in 2003, Teller was director emeritus of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, where plans for nuclear, biological and directed energy weapons are crafted. In 1997, Teller publicly outlined his proposal to use aircraft to scatter in the stratosphere millions of tons of electrically-conductive metallic materials, ostensibly to reduce global warming.32
Shortly after Teller,s presentation, the public began seeing frenetic chemtrailing. In 2000, CBS News admitted that scientists were "looking at drastic solutions for global warming, including manipulating the atmosphere on a massive scale." CBS confirmed that the plan to load the air with tiny particles would "deflect enough sunlight to trigger global cooling."33
Teller estimated that commercial aircraft could be used to spew these particles at a cost of 33 cents a pound.34 This gives credence to a report by an airline manager, forced by a compulsory non-disclosure agreement to remain anonymous, that commercial aircraft have been co-opted to assist the military in consummating Project Cloverleaf.35 A 1991 Hughes aircraft patent confirms that sunscreen particulate materials can be run through jet engines.36 A science textbook now used in some public schools discusses the sunscreen project by showing a large orange-red jet with the caption, "Jet engines running on richer fuel would add particles to the atmosphere to create a sunscreen." The logo on the plane says "Particle Air."37 The implications of this crucial information should not be understated. A program to make America,s millions of annual jet flights a source of specially designed particulate pollution is serious business.
www.rense.com...
The proposed revisions address two categories of particulate matter: fine particles (PM2.5), which are 2.5 micrometers in diameter and smaller; and inhalable coarse particles (PM10-2.5), which are smaller than 10 micrometers in diameter but larger than PM2.5. EPA has had national air quality standards for fine particles since 1997 and for coarse particles 10 micrometers and smaller (PM10) since 1987
EPA last revised the particulate matter standards in 1997. Under terms of a consent decree, EPA agreed to propose whether to revise the particulate matter standards by December 20, 2005; and committed to finalizing any revisions to the standards by September 27, 2006.
Proposal to Revise the National Ambient Air Quality
It will be noted that in October of 1997 a change in the reporting system of visibility data was reduced from a former maximum of 40 miles to a limit of 10 miles. It is a reasonable question to ask as to why that change was made, and whether or not it was made in anticipation of certain events to follow that involve large scale aircraft aerosol operations over large scale geographic regions.
It is observed that there are highly significant degradations in the visibility data immediately following this change in the reporting method. Immediately after this change, the dramatic increase in visibility reports of less than 10 miles is quite apparent.
The graphs shown are taken from climatic archive data available for Santa Fe, NM from Jan 1994 to Mar 2001. Three different time periods are shown to aid in demonstrating the magnitude of change which has occurred in visibility. The first graph shows all data available inclusive from Jan 1994 to Mar 2001. The second graph shows the transition zone during which the visibility standards were altered. This graph showns a period from Jan 1996 to Dec 1998; the change in reporting standard was made in Oct 1997. The third graph shows recent data, where visibility below 10 miles is now a regular occurrence. This graph shows the period from Jan 1999 to Mar 2001.
www.carnicom.com...
Originally posted by mantic
This is an interesting read on the subject, for those who refuse to believe that these things have been around dusting us off, for a looong time.
Link to Article
Originally posted by defcon5
[like:
Aerial Chemical Spraying:
Originally posted by sharplee
Originally posted by JimmyCarterIsSmarter
The government doesn't need to have an 'official story' on what 'Chemtrails' are, as they are ACTUALLY normal, everyday, persistant contrails Contrails caused by high flying aircraft.
If you want to prove this wrong, then you may as well start by answering the following question.
Why can't Contrails persist and fan out into clouds?
they do fan out into clouds. look at the sky. i can't do all your research.
s
The ice crystal theory simply does not explain the full range of evidence that we witness on a daily basis.
The chemtrail grids that we see being generated, often occur below the altitude where ice contrails can form, and below the required temperatures. In addition the "chemtrails" begin as contrails, and then spread out into much larger cloud formations, ofter covering the skies from horizon to horizon.
This entire sordid tale is detailed in: The Chemtrail Smoking Gun: - Proof of global atmospheric geoengineering ( www.lightwatcher.com... )
And NO, i don't really want to debate stupid chemtrails ( or whatever they are) when the same types who deny them won't accept far, FAR more obvious facts.
Originally posted by Bspiracy
My point in posting though is if this isn't a conspiracy, why don't Russia and Japan have these trails?Just about the rest of the world is getting these and some stories from citizens concerned in other countries never saw these trails until American military exercises were performed.
So if you can find these chemtrail pics from Russia or Japan then I will be surprised.
Originally posted by snoopyuk
thanks essan,
seems as if the main academics in this field are Sassen,Minnis and Travis.
is that correct ??
thanks
snoopyuk
Brian Holmes of www.holmestead.ca has investigated these eco-crimes for the past several years. Because of his efforts, many within Canada and on the net have become aware of the ongoing spraying operations. Like other serious investigators who have studied this phenomena, Brian's work has been maligned, and there are ongoing attempts to discredit him and his sources.
Some months ago, a Chemtrail insider that Brian nicknamed 'Deep Shield' came forward with specific and detailed information about this mysterious program, corresponding with him via e-mail. A transcript of the communications with Deep Shield and the Shield Project can be read online at: www.holmestead.ca... For those of us who have studied chemtrails carefully, the revealing dialog rang of the truth.
Since then we have been able to study, and verify a number of Deep Shield's primary claims. The anonymous insider gave Brian's readers some valuable clues to follow if they wished to investigate deeper into the history and hard science of chemtrails. A primary clue was to investigate the term 'geoengineering.'
www.lightwatcher.com...
Originally posted by sir_chan
Let's simplify this thread a bit, simply for the fact that I think alot of information clouds the obvious reality. In fact lets simplify it down to an equation.
A=contrail
B=chemtrail
When a jet flys over and leaves a trail there ARE 2 types basically. One that is obviously caused by ice crystals forming and then dissipates rather quickly after forming.
The other type of trail cannot possibly be ice because as it dissipates and falls closer to the ground, it DOES NOT MELT, therefore is some kind of solid.
originally posted by xtrozero
I see a lot of type As, so do you have pictures of type Bs close to the ground?
Originally posted by sir_chan
How do you know they are type A=contrail. Prove it.
When a jet flys over and leaves a trail there ARE 2 types basically. One that is obviously caused by ice crystals forming and then dissipates rather quickly after forming.
The other type of trail cannot possibly be ice because as it dissipates and falls closer to the ground, it DOES NOT MELT, therefore is some kind of solid.
Talk all the science you want there is a DIFFERENCE between the two which can CLEARLY be watched from the ground. That IS evidence. In fact that is EYE WITNESS evidence.
The ball to prove evidence does not fall on the chemtrail believers, it falls on the skeptics of Chemtrails to prove that they are NOT!!! So any person who claims that chemtrails do not exist what exactly is the stuff that obviously is NOT MELTING as it falls to the earth?
However maybe you skeptics don't go outside much and see the 2 very distinctly different types of trails. Here is some more information to disinfo your disinfo.
Originally posted by sir_chan
I don't need a picture to know what I see.
How do you know they are type A=contrail. Prove it.
Originally posted by sir_chan
Thank you Defcon5 for that link. The response gives very credible evidence to support the Chemtrail theory.
Originally posted by sir_chan
When a jet flys over and leaves a trail there ARE 2 types basically. One that is obviously caused by ice crystals forming and then dissipates rather quickly after forming.
Jay,
Yes, we certainly did. Contrails were so thick that they became clouds. We often said that we created weather over Europe. They would persist for many hours, maybe days. We flew a different route coming back than going in partly to avoid the contrail clouds that we created. There are some pictures of contrails on my web site - none of these are shown to be very heavy but there were time when we were near the end of the bomber stream and the contrails were so dense that it was no dfferent than flying in clouds. A thousand or more planes (4000 internal combustion engines) can make a lot of contrail at 25000 feet or more.
Hope this helps.
Willard Reese- 457th Bomb Group
Originally posted by sir_chan
The ball to prove evidence does not fall on the chemtrail believers, it falls on the skeptics of Chemtrails to prove that they are NOT!!!