It looks like you're using an Ad Blocker.
Please white-list or disable AboveTopSecret.com in your ad-blocking tool.
Thank you.
Some features of ATS will be disabled while you continue to use an ad-blocker.
Abstract
The “post-September 11
th
” structural engineer, while feeling the remorse and confusion that
every other American has dealt with, is also privileged with the immense education an analysis
of the WTC collapse can provide. A newly found understanding for impact dynamics and
failure of very large systems, as well as a comprehensive grasp of the brevity accompanying
safety considerations in construction projects, will be present in industrial practice from now
on. The research into the World Trade Center Towers collapse following the initial fact-
gathering phase is now beginning the more ambitious tasks of reconstructing various stages of
the damage and destruction of the Twin Towers. Currently, or at least as current as this paper,
the FEMA/ASCE team has just released their report, [1], and an independent investigation is
being conducted by the National Science Foundation study group. Preparations are also
underway to launch a new program aimed at a producing a detailed simulation of the aircraft
impact damage, fire damage, and the total collapse of the buildings. This work is led and
coordinated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
www.du.edu...
The World Trade Center towers used neither a steel skeleton nor reinforced concrete. They were designed as square tubes made of heavy, hollow welded sections, braced against buckling by the building floors. Massive foundations descended to bedrock, since the towers had to be safe against winds and other lateral forces tending to overturn them. All this was taken into consideration in the design and construction, which seems to have been first-rate. An attempt to damage the buildings by a bomb at the base had negligible effect. The strong base and foundation would repel any such assault with ease, as it indeed did. The impact of aircraft on the upper stories had only a local effect, and did not impair the integrity of the buildings, which remained solid. The fires caused weakening of the steel, and some of the floors suddenly received a load for which they were not designed.
What happened next was unexpected and catastrophic. The slumped floors pushed the steel modules outwards, separating them from the floor beams. The next floor then collapsed on the one below, pushing out the steel walls, and this continued, in the same way that a house of cards collapses. The debris of concrete facing and steel modules fell in shower while the main structure collapsed at almost the same rate. In 15 seconds or so, 110 stories were reduced to a pile 9 stories high, mainly of steel wall modules and whatever was around them. The south tower collapsed 47 minutes after impact, the north tower 1 hour 44 minutes after impact. The elapsed times show that the impacts were not the proximate cause of collapse; the strong building easily withstood them. When even one corner of a floor was weakened and fell, the collapse would soon propagate around the circumference, and the building would be lost.
It is clear that buildings built in this manner have a catastrophic mode of failure ("house of cards") that should rule out their future construction. It is triggered when there is a partial collapse at any level that breaks the continuity of the tube, which then rolls up quickly, from top to bottom. The collapse has a means of propagation that soon involves the whole structure, bypassing its major strengths and impossible to interrupt. There is no need for an airliner; a simple explosion would do the job. There were central tubes in the towers, for elevators and services, but they appeared to play no substantial role in the collapse, and were not evident in the pictures or wreckage.
Originally posted by esdad71
This is why I am such a pain in the ass about the demo proof. I need proof of something else to not believe what I have already proven to myself, and that is simply that terrorists flew 2 jets into the WTC, and they collapsed. 2900+ dead. Sorry if I am a pain in the arse, but I need some proof man.
Originally posted by 1150111
Ok so you are one of many that ignore WTC7? A plane didn't crash into that one, and that one fell at freefall speed, AND it weighs less than WTC 1 and 2. Wow, you are missing the weakest link.
Way to go, I will make sure to put you on ignore.
Originally posted by LuDaCrIs
What are you talking about????
It fell at freefall speed AND it weighs less than WTC 1 and 2? So what if it fell at freefall speed, even if it did, and weighed more? What does weight have to do with anything?
Originally posted by esdad71
I will admit that i am not a physics professor, but the amount of mass behind what was falling was a major factor in the collapse speed, as well as the design of the towers themselves which offered less resistance than most steel skyscrapers.
Originally posted by esdad71
This is also a good, third party article.
www.du.edu...
The impact of aircraft on the upper stories had only a local effect, and did not impair the integrity of the buildings, which remained solid. The fires caused weakening of the steel, and some of the floors suddenly received a load for which they were not designed.
Originally posted by esdad71
BS, How fast did it actually fall(according to your theory), and what rate of fall for a demolition of a building that size? If you took the calculations provided say herewww.studyof911.com...">click me
I truly think that it comes down to splitting hairs in fractions of a second when we talk about the "free fall' collpase of the WTC 1 and 2.
I am a Boilermaker, Shipbuilder, Blacksmith Forger and helper. Union. Now a contractor on military facilities. I build steel storage tanks for jet fuel. A few years ago, a typhoon blew through, and I got to watch a Mobil AST, with @ 1,000,000 gallons of diesel in it, get hit with lightning, the grounding failed, and the million gallons BLEW!!
Well, for a diesel fire that is. it simply caught fire, burned itself out after 4 days, blackened the steel. Catch that? One million gallons of diesel fuel, burned for 4 days, didn't melt squat. Tank, 1/4" steel, never melted.
Yet HUGE core I-beams, supporting the elevator and utility shafts, were VAPORISED at the WTC towers? Stop, I'll wet my britches laughing.
I've melted, welded, forged, bent, twisted, repaired sheared, punched, formed, plated, blasted and coated just about every metal you see used commonly in industry and construction, for over 32 years. I 've welded many a steel I-beam: purlin clips, joining plates, you name it.
I ask you plainly: you know the explosion you see after the second plane hits the tower?
a_ht, what caused that?
Tell me you believe, like me, it was the JP-8 (yes, I work with jet fuel daily, too) contained in the jet's tanks, correct?
Huge explosion, you say you were there that day? Your father? He see this huge fireball?
What was it?
Because, if it was the kerosene (JP-8, acts just like diesel, you can put it right in your diesel tank, works great, low flash point of 140 deg) that did explode that way, that you state so assuredly melted steel,
explain how it reconstituted itself after exploding, and put itself back inside the building, and THEN what?
Ran down 90 floors to melt the "uninsulated I-beams"? What? "Shook" it off by jet impact? Are you kiddin' me? When the jet hit, it did not even knock folks down in the building below!!! What nonsense, a_ht!!
Because I KNOW the dimensions of a 14,000 gallon fuel tank. About the size on one of the many offices on the floor hit. That's all, a_ht. The size of one office.
Yet, you would have me believe NOT my own eyes, that see an explosion of huge proportions caused by the impact of the jet plane, but rather a tale that says exploded fuel turned back into liquid form, and only
Originally posted by Akareyon
We could build one.
And borrow a Boeing somewhere, maybe.
Originally posted by esdad71
I will admit that i am not a physics professor, but the amount of mass behind what was falling was a major factor in the collapse speed, as well as the design of the towers themselves which offered less resistence than most steel skyscrapers.
This is also a good, third party article.
www.du.edu...
The impact of aircraft on the upper stories had only a local effect, and did not impair the integrity of the buildings, which remained solid. The fires caused weakening of the steel, and some of the floors suddenly received a load for which they were not designed.
The elapsed times show that the impacts were not the proximate cause of collapse; the strong building easily withstood them. When even one corner of a floor was weakened and fell, the collapse would soon propagate around the circumference, and the building would be lost.
There were central tubes in the towers, for elevators and services, but they appeared to play no substantial role in the collapse, and were not evident in the pictures or wreckage.
Originally posted by Byrd
Looking at pictures of old demolitions of brick and other types of buildings (and even of buildings of other shapes) tells you exactly nothing.
Originally posted by Jimmy1880
The problems arise from the fire the floors affected where burning with kerosine and the tower acted like a chimmney allowing lots of air to feed the furnace. This would have heated the metal superstructure to very high temperatures and the steel would loose alot of its strength.
Originally posted by cav01c14
acutally if i had the billions of dollars i would rebuild teh trade center and fly a 757 into it remote controlly and then let teh building burn until it ither A.) goes out
B.) collapses
c.) aleins shoot it down hahaha