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originally posted by: charlyv
a reply to: ForteanOrgFantasy until proven.
originally posted by: ForteanOrg
a reply to: nerbot
If Nimtz has worked for Porsche, and has been the head of a EU radiotelescope program/organisation, that might well be the case. I found another name, but am still investigating if it is the proper person.
We demonstrate that the tunneling time of an electron from an atom is close to zero within our experimental accuracy. Our study represents a straightforward approach toward attosecond time-resolved imaging of electron motion in atoms and molecules.
There is definitely faster than light correlation in quantum entanglement, but so far all avenues to using that for faster than light communication seem unavailable. If we could use that for FTL communication, it would ake a lot more sense than trying to use quantum tunneling.
12:11
Is faster-than-light motion or influence possible?
Perhaps yes, but it seems only in cases where faster-than-light signaling is impossible.
I think the jury is still out on these quantum tunneling experiments but it seems to be the same story, that even if an effect of the uncertainty principle seems to show "FTL" experimental results, as with quantum entanglement, nobody has ever demonstrated FTL communication
So you've got a particle traveling at faster than light for one meter, then traveling at light speed for the other 104 trillion kilometers on the way to the star system 11 light years away. Does that one meter faster than light really help in that case? Not that I can see, it's insignificant.
So how to use quantum tunneling to communicate 11 light years away? Build an 11 light year long barrier?
The most prominent
example of the occurrence of evanescent modes is frustrated total internal reflection (FTIR) at double prisms. In 1949 Sommerfeld 1 pointed out that this optical phenomenon represents the analogy of quantum mechanical tunneling.
First, remember the paper says "analogy" for quantum tunneling, but even in that case, the space is between two prisms, and to communicate at 11 light years away, you would need to put the other prism 11 light years away, so you still need more than 11 years to put the prism there.
Using a barrier to demonstrate quantum tunneling is only 1 of 3 ways to quantum tunnel that I have come across. Another way that was demonstrated in the videos posted, uses prisms, and I'm fairly certain in that case, the quantum tunneled signal is just traveling through space.
So that author is basically saying a 1 meter gap is impossible using that method. If it's impossible for 1 meter, is it fair to say it's 104,000 trillion times more impossible for 104,000 trillion meters?
While the article listed does not actually state the dimension of the air gap, its abstract alludes to “macroscopic scale on the order of a meter.” The New Scientist quotes the authors as having tunneled photons “instantaneously across a barrier of various sizes, from a few millimeters up to a meter.” We can believe a few millimeters. But at 0.88 dB/mm, an evanescent wave tunneling across a 1 meter gap would be attenuated by 880 dB! This translates to a transmission of 10^-88
Suffice it to say that the authors could not possibly have measured tunneling across a 1 m gap, a result that has set internet
discussion groups all aquiver. The maximum spacing they could have used and still obtain a measurable transmission would be about 40 mm, which would yield an attenuation of 35.2 dB, consistent with the minimum transmissions reported in Refs. 3, 4, and 6.
First, remember the paper says "analogy" for quantum tunneling, but even in that case, the space is between two prisms, and to communicate at 11 light years away, you would need to put the other prism 11 light years away, so you still need more than 11 years to put the prism there.
First, remember the paper says "analogy"
A paper submitted to the physics arXiv has been picked up by a number of major news outlets (e.g., the Daily Mail) because the paper suggests that its authors have measured something traveling faster than the speed of light. Unfortunately, the claim is worse than weak; it is silly. I'll talk about why that is after briefly discussing their research...
The paper in question has no data at all so; although it asserts that it has measured superluminal velocities, it offers nothing to back that up. It also has very little in the way of experimental detail, so we can't determine with certainty what they are measuring, making it very difficult to evaluate their claims. We'll take as close a look as we can, given these limitations.
That's the same issue more or less I posted earlier from another source, that claims of faster than light group velocity can be true, but that doesn't imply faster than light communication since you don't communicate at group velocity.
In practical terms, most experiments measure light in terms of what is called the group velocity, which is how fast a pulse propagates along an underlying carrier frequency. This can, in some circumstances, lead to the pulses traveling faster than the speed of light in the medium they're in, but not faster than light in vacuum. Although the setup in the new paper is not entirely clear, they were measuring the arrival time of pulses, which means we're talking about group velocity rather than the actual speed of light.
Another problem that occurs in these experiments comes from determining when the pulse actually arrived. If you analyze a pulse of light, you find that it is made up of a huge number of frequencies that, as you move away from the fundamental frequency, get lower and lower in amplitude. Once you look at the experimental set up in detail, you find that it is triggering on the pre-pulse noise generated by these high frequency components.
Here’s how to reconcile the instantaneous nature of quantum tunneling with the fact that no information is ever transmitted faster than the speed of light...
people fool themselves (and unscrupulous news organizations try to fool you) into thinking they’re breaking the speed of light.
But that’s not what’s happening here, or in any of these so-called “faster-than-light” demonstrations. Instead, all that’s happening here is that only a portion of the quantum particles found in the pulse manage to successfully tunnel through the barrier. The majority of the particles do what a (classical) tennis ball would do: they bounce back, failing to arrive at the destination. The “trick” to fooling yourself into believing that you’ve created a faster-than-light system is that it’s possible to front-load which particles make it through the barrier, preferentially cutting off the particles in the back of the pulse.
If you do this without being sufficiently careful, you’ll falsely measure a faster-than-light speed for the overall pulse, even though no individual particle actually ever exceeds the speed of light.
The claim in Simon's case is it's being done with quantum tunneling, and I've already explaned the reasons why that doesn't make sense so I would never assume something which goes against all evidence is true. I still think it's a dumb idea to use tunneling to communicate over 11 light years and every real experiment over longer distances will confirm that. FTL quantum entanglement correlation has been demonstrated over long distances, FTL quantum tunneling hasn't, and there's not even any consensus that it's been demonstrated over short distances.
Here's a thought, instead of using old classical knowledge to disprove quantum communication over vast distances, try using inductive reasoning. Assume that what's being reported about FTL communication over vast distances is true, then try to determine how that can be.
Since 1992 experimental evidence of superluminal (faster than light, FTL) signals are causing much excitement in the physical community and in the media. Superluminal signal velocity and zero time tunneling was first observed in an analog tunneling experiment with microwaves. Recently, the conjectured zero time of electron was claimed to be observed in ionizing helium. The FTL signal velocity was reproduced with infrared light and with various tunneling barriers in several laboratories worldwide. Remarkable, it was shown that the tunneling time is a universal quantity for elastic and for electromagnetic fields.
Evanescent and tunneling modes are not measurable. They are virtual particles as sketched in Fig. 6.
However, tunneling is an elastic process and after reflection took place at the barrier front any transmitted wave packet of electrons or photons is not attenuated, thus no wagon is dropped off between Chicago and New York.
Summing-up: Many physicists see the FTL interpretation of tunneling like the poet Morgenstern 24 : What cannot be must not be. In order to prove the FTL interpretation to be incorrect, unphysical assumptions are proposed. Usually the STR crusaders assume signals to have infinite frequency bands, which results in signal reshaping and in a luminal front velocity due to the dispersion of a barrier. Another incorrect assumption is a signal to have a point-like time. A signal and thus the information are always given by the product of time duration and frequency bandwidth. For example even the single photons had a time duration of the order of 100 fs and a bandwidth of the order of 10 THz at a center frequency of 427 THz in Ref. 21. There is no front velocity as was claimed by Chiao et al.
Experiments with evanescent modes and tunneling particles have shown that i) their signal velocity may be faster than light, ii) they are described by virtual particles, iii) they are nonlocal and act at a distance, iv) experimental tunneling data of phonons, photons, and electrons display a universal scattering time at the tunneling barrier front, and v) the properties of evanescent, i.e. tunneling modes is not compatible with the special theory of relativity.
Based on his groundbreaking experiments, Prof Nimtz places the topic in a broader context by showing connections with other branches of physics. He and the team of authors begin by introducing such fundamental concepts as space and time and continue with tunneling phenomena from optics, nuclear and solid state physics. Avoiding mathematical equations and definitions altogether, they explain step-by-step the prerequisites for the tunnel effect to function, from classical mechanics to quantum mechanics, right up to modern topics, such as wormholes and space travel a la Star Trek.
originally posted by: Arbitrageur
I should add that if it was that simple to do, don't you think someone would have figured it out by now?
Measured signal velocities were up to 5·c17,18,33. However, due to a signal’s product of finite frequency band width times finite time duration and considering the transmission dispersion of any barrier, the tunneled signals will begin in the past but end up in the future14,15. That is, primitive causality applies even in the case of superluminal signal velocities. The latter is contradictory to most text books on special relativity, see e.g. Refs.34. It is usually assumed that a signal has a point like time duration ∆t →0. This assumption has no physical reality because a wave packet and a signal, even if it informs us about an event in a distant galaxy, follows the relation15,35 ∆ν∆t ≥ 1 (8) where ∆ν and∆tarethe frequencyband width and the time durationof a wavepacket. This relationwould correspond for ∆t → 0 to an infinite frequency band width and thus according to quantum mechanics to an infinite signal energy. The various mentioned properties run counter of the intuition of special relativity.