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Evolution is both a fact and a theory. Evolution is widely observable in laboratory and natural populations as they change over time. The fact that we need annual flu vaccines is one example of observable evolution. At the same time, evolutionary theory explains more than observations, as the succession on the fossil record.
Evolutionary adaptation, or simply adaptation, is the adjustment of organisms to their environment in order to improve their chances at survival in that environment
Viral infection is a highly dynamic process, which lead to constant evolutionary changes on both sides of the viral–host interface. The high mutation rates of viruses, coupled with short generation times and large population sizes, allow viruses to rapidly adapt to the host environment. However, this high mutation rate also comes at a cost to the viral population, as deleterious mutations are constantly created, leading to a plethora of defective genomes. Here, we will discuss the basic tenets that govern the evolution of viruses: mutation rates, population size, selection, the multiplicity of infection, and how these factors modulate infection as viruses evolve within a host, during transmission to novel susceptible hosts, and as viruses establish infections in new host species
In biology, adaptation has three related meanings. Firstly, it is the dynamic evolutionary process of natural selection that fits organisms to their environment, enhancing their evolutionary fitness. Secondly, it is a state reached by the population during that process. Thirdly, it is a phenotypic trait or adaptive trait, with a functional role in each individual organism, that is maintained and has evolved through natural selection.
Evolution involves two interrelated phenomena: adaptation and speciation. In adaptation, over the course of time, species modify their phenotypes in ways that permit them to succeed in their environment.
originally posted by: daskakik
What about the rich man asking for Lazarus to give him a drop of water, where was he?
The bible is full of contradictions. Nobody can even prove the existence of the soul so don't act like this death of the soul is even a thing.
The teaching of macroevolution is built on the claim that mutations—random changes in the genetic code of plants and animals—can produce not only new species but also entirely new families of plants and animals.19
19. Nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine 1942-1962, 1999, “The Production of Mutations,” by H. J. Muller, 1946, p. 162.
All competent biologists acknowledge the limited nature of the variation breeders can produce, although they do not like to discuss it much when grinding the evolutionary ax.
William R. Fix
Needless to say, I did not succeed in producing a higher category in a single step; but it must be kept in mind that neither have the Neo-Darwinians ever built up as much as the semblance of a new species by recombination of micromutations. In such well-studied organisms as Drosophila [fruitflies], in which numerous visible and, incidentally, small invisible mutations have been recombined, never has even the first step in the direction of a new species been accomplished, not to mention higher categories. [whereislogic: a higher category than species is a family, also part of the central claim of evolution and a requirement to go from single-celled organisms to human beings and all the other species and families.]
Richard B. Goldschmidt
Mutations are merely hereditary fluctuations around a medium position…No matter how numerous they may be, mutations do not produce any kind of evolution.
Pierre-Paul Grassé
(On evolutionary novelties by chance mutations: ) I have seen no evidence whatsoever that these changes can occur through the accumulation of gradual mutations.
Lynn Margulis
Mutations are a reality and while most of them are of no consequence or detrimental, one cannot deny that on occasion a beneficial mutation might occur [in relation to a certain environment, but usually not for a gene's function per se; Anmerkung von W.-E.L.; vgl. Diskussion]. However, to invoke strings of beneficial mutations that suffice to reshape one animal into the shape of another is not merely unreasonable, it is not science.
Christian Schwabe
Science, the official magazine for the American Association for the Advancement of Science, also spiked Gould’s argument: “Species do indeed have a capacity to undergo minor modifications in the physical and other characteristics, but this is limited and with a longer perspective it is reflected in an oscillation about a mean [a position about midway between extremes].” In both plants and animals, variations within a species will oscillate or move about like pellets shaken in a glass jar—the variations are held within the boundaries of the species just as the pellets are confined within the jar. Just as the Bible’s account of creation says, a plant or an animal may vary, yet it is restricted to reproduce “according to its kind.”—Genesis 1:12, 21, 24, 25.
Lönnig’s research has led him to the conclusion that “properly defined species have real boundaries that cannot be abolished or transgressed by accidental mutations.”22
22. Mutation Breeding, Evolution, and the Law of Recurrent Variation, pp. 49, 50, 52, 54, 59, 64, and interview with Wolf-Ekkehard Lönnig.
Consider the implications of the above facts. ... If research shows that mutations cannot transform an original species into an entirely new one, then how, exactly, was macroevolution supposed to have taken place?
originally posted by: whereislogic
a reply to: daskakik
All the skeptic is asking for is actual evidence for the central claim of evolution that Darwin made, as described in the article I quoted, not evidence for something else, and then calling it (micro)evolution. Just calling it evolution doesn't make it evolution or evidence for evolution.
originally posted by: Venkuish1
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
Evolution is both a fact and a theory. Evolution is widely observable in laboratory and natural populations as they change over time. The fact that we need annual flu vaccines is one example of observable evolution. At the same time, evolutionary theory explains more than observations, as the succession on the fossil record.
originally posted by: cooperton
originally posted by: whereislogic
a reply to: daskakik
All the skeptic is asking for is actual evidence for the central claim of evolution that Darwin made, as described in the article I quoted, not evidence for something else, and then calling it (micro)evolution. Just calling it evolution doesn't make it evolution or evidence for evolution.
Exactly. Look how upset they are that they can't provide an example. Organisms adapt, but they cannot evolve into something new. They've been artificially selecting 75,000 generations of E. Coli in the long-term evolution experiment, and it is still E. Coli with no signs of becoming any other bacteria. I respect and let people believe whatever they believe, but when they say it is fact that is when I have to interject.
originally posted by: Venkuish1
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
Evolution is both a fact and a theory. Evolution is widely observable in laboratory and natural populations as they change over time. The fact that we need annual flu vaccines is one example of observable evolution. At the same time, evolutionary theory explains more than observations, as the succession on the fossil record.
This is the same propaganda whereislogic was referring to a few pages ago. The extent of their evidence is that different populations of influenza are vulnerable to certain vaccines. Yet it is still influenza, year after year. It will never become something besides influenza. Just like humans have asian, african, and european, so too do all other organisms have variations within populations. But the evidence shows they will not be able to become something else
originally posted by: daskakik
Honestly, I think it is dishonest for you to say you are right because they have not gotten there.
They are still trying to figure it out. You want to say you are right without backing it up and not even trying to prove how or why.
originally posted by: Venkuish1
To your question on why the E.Coli hasn't changed to become a different bacteria...
originally posted by: cooperton
originally posted by: daskakik
Honestly, I think it is dishonest for you to say you are right because they have not gotten there.
Thank you for admitting they haven't gotten there yet. I'm not being sarcastic, that is a huge feat of objectivity. Look at venkuish yelling that it is fact...
They are still trying to figure it out. You want to say you are right without backing it up and not even trying to prove how or why.
I think known mutations rates, and also the probability of creating a new functional group on a protein, are enough to show that these mechanisms cannot culminate in the diversity of life. It is as likely as a monkey designing an apple computer:
"the estimated prevalence of plausible hydropathic patterns (for any fold) and of relevant folds for particular functions, this implies the overall prevalence of sequences performing a specific function by any domain-sized fold may be as low as 1 in 10e77, adding to the body of evidence that functional folds require highly extraordinary sequences."
source
That's 1 in 100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000...
...000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
And that is just for one sub-set of a protein, not even a whole protein! As I showed in my one post, there's not enough time in the world for these odds to hit enough times:
not enough time in the world for mutations to have created the diversity of life
originally posted by: Venkuish1
To your question on why the E.Coli hasn't changed to become a different bacteria...
No the answer is because evolution does not happen, the probability is beyond plausibility. Proteins are cellular machinery, new fucntion micromolecular machines don't get coded for by random chance. Functioning machines don't emerge without intelligent design.
originally posted by: whereislogic
a reply to: daskakik
The teaching of macroevolution is built on the claim that mutations—random changes in the genetic code of plants and animals—can produce not only new species but also entirely new families of plants and animals.19
19. Nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine 1942-1962, 1999, “The Production of Mutations,” by H. J. Muller, 1946, p. 162.
That is the central claim (the concept of mutations as the driving mechanism was added later). ...
originally posted by: Xtrozero
originally posted by: daskakik
What about the rich man asking for Lazarus to give him a drop of water, where was he?
The bible is full of contradictions. Nobody can even prove the existence of the soul so don't act like this death of the soul is even a thing.
I think we can say this above and then ask the question of is morals a learned trait or is inherent. The same people who say God or the soul doesn't exist state that morals are some built-in trait while looking around we can see a lot of people without it.
originally posted by: Venkuish1
Evolution is a fact not a hypothesis.
Yelling what? I am just stating a fact.
In contrast there is no evidence for creationism by intelligent design.
Do you have any scientific peer reviewed papers on creationism by intelligent design?
originally posted by: Xtrozero
I think we can say this above and then ask the question of is morals a learned trait or is inherent. The same people who say God or the soul doesn't exist state that morals are some built-in trait while looking around we can see a lot of people without it.
For decades, people have been told that the dietary cholesterol in foods raises blood cholesterol levels and causes heart disease. This idea may have been a rational conclusion based on the available science 50 years ago, but more recent evidence calls this into question.
originally posted by: cooperton
Thank you for admitting they haven't gotten there yet. I'm not being sarcastic, that is a huge feat of objectivity. Look at venkuish yelling that it is fact...
originally posted by: daskakik
a reply to: whereislogic
And all I'm saying is that scientists, unlike the skeptic, have pieces of the puzzle and are still working on it, while the skeptic wants to say they are right with no proof at all.
originally posted by: Degradation33
a reply to: cooperton
Why can't god's design be to happen naturally, over billions of years, through evolution, and the barely post Neolithic former ape people just hadn't evolved their worldly conceptions yet?
Why does it have to be instant. Given the complexity of the universe, I think it tracks better for intelligent design to be like the one the Catholic Big Bang Priest proposed, and draw it back, acknowledge the 13.5 billion years, and come up with a creation that fits observation.
You don't even have to remove god to uphold all the science of evolution. Just say God created a universe to evolve, and then allow for secondary organic life to arise.
I think that messed up. I dont think the channeling is completely accurate, ever, and can also be really wrong. It may need a new freaking prophet to lens it in the modern age. Reexplain the parable of creation, and make it fit observation, instead of vice versa.
originally posted by: daskakik
Even hominids walking with the dinosaurs isn't proof of young earth. The oldest ones have been dated to around 6 million years.
The probability of beneficial mutations being large doesn't rule out it happening in a couple of decades and even millennia is a small amount of time when compared to the 3.7 billion years estimated for the first life to show up here and the number of living things where these mutations can take place bring that probability way down.
We've gone through all this before.
originally posted by: cooperton
originally posted by: Venkuish1
Evolution is a fact not a hypothesis.
Yelling what? I am just stating a fact.
Yet the best evidence you could find for evolution is influenza still being influenza? Your faith is strong, unshakeable. Despite not seeing, you are believing.
In contrast there is no evidence for creationism by intelligent design.
Every component of a biological organisms is a machine-like designed component:
ATP synthase - Motor
DNA polymerase - Data parsing
Ribosome - 3D printer
Flagellum - Boat motor
Mitochondrion - Hydrogen fuel cell generator
It is all very intelligent. motors, data parsing, 3D printers and hydrogen fuel cell generators require intelligence to be created. None of it appears to be the product of random chance.
Do you have any scientific peer reviewed papers on creationism by intelligent design?
There's as many articles on intelligent design as there are articles that depict a population of organisms evolving into something new. But if intelligent design were to be allowed in science journals, there would be countless articles that depict the various signs of design in biological organisms.
originally posted by: cooperton
originally posted by: daskakik
Even hominids walking with the dinosaurs isn't proof of young earth. The oldest ones have been dated to around 6 million years.
It's proof of dinosaurs living recently rather than millions of years ago.
The probability of beneficial mutations being large doesn't rule out it happening in a couple of decades and even millennia is a small amount of time when compared to the 3.7 billion years estimated for the first life to show up here and the number of living things where these mutations can take place bring that probability way down.
We've gone through all this before.
Yes we have been through this before:
"the estimated prevalence of plausible hydropathic patterns (for any fold) and of relevant folds for particular functions, this implies the overall prevalence of sequences performing a specific function by any domain-sized fold may be as low as 1 in 10e77, adding to the body of evidence that functional folds require highly extraordinary sequences."
source
That's 1 in 100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000...
...000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
And that is just for one sub-set of a protein, not even a whole protein! As I showed in my one post, there's not enough time in the world for these odds to hit enough times:
not enough time in the world for mutations to have created the diversity of life