I'm all for EV's in selected environments, but I'm totally against the notion of completely eliminating ICE's.
As I noted previously, the challenge with EV's is not the EV's themselves, but the charging infrastructure. Here's why...
No matter how you slice it, a watt is a watt. Without getting real technical Ohm's law dictates that volts x amps = watts (it really equals VA which
then gets a power factor applied to it, but this is too technical for this discussion). You can distribute power (watts / energy) in a multitude of
ways, but virtually all of those ways involve using wire. Power distribution (with few exceptions) is done using alternating current, AC. (DC power
distribution is inefficient) (Note: the point here is not to debate DC vs AC power distribution, as there is some very high voltage DC power
distribution, but it is pretty rare).
In a power distribution system, wire/cable, represents a significant portion of the cost of the system. Large amperage takes large wire. Large gauge
wire is far more expensive than smaller gauge wire. To combat this, power distribution systems distribute power at very high voltages but low
amperages. This is why you see high tension lines which are not gargantuan. As the distribution systems near their end point, the voltages are
stepped down and the amperages are increased. 250,000 volts at 5 amps isn't going to do anyone much good, but 240 volts at 5,200 amps will power 52
average homes.
Now let's look at EV's. The only practical way to store electrical energy is with a battery. Batteries are DC. Electric motors on cars can be
either DC or AC, but generally the motors which actually drive an EV are AC motors. In order to charge a DC battery from an AC source you need a
rectifier (which changes AC to DC), and then to consume energy out of that battery with an AC motor you need an inverter (which changes DC back into
AC) between the battery and the motor. This translates into weight. More weight, more power required. More power, bigger battery required.
In the United states, most neighborhood (local) powerlines are 5,000 to 7,500 volts. At the power pole there is a transformer which typically steps
this voltage down to 480 volts or 240 volts (we won't get into phasing, like 3-phase and bi-phase here).
Okay, now we have all the pieces and parts, so let's look at some of the challenges. EV batteries are much higher voltage than 240 or 480 volts
(usually around 600 volts or so), so this means we have to add a transformer (again) to step-up the voltages. Transformers are not 100% efficient, so
some power is lost (10% is a round number) in the conversion. But the bottom line here is there are only so many watts available at the service buss.
For a residence this is usually ~48,000 watts, and for a business (depending on the type of business) a good value to use is ~240,000 watts.
If now we're going to siphon off say 7,200 watts (30A at 240v) to charge an EV, we've used 15% of our total residence's electrical service (3% of of
our total for businesses) available wattage...for just a single charger. If a business wants to put in say (10) chargers, then 30% of their total
available power has just been consumed. And here's the thing; it doesn't matter if there's only (3) cars plugged in, the same amount of power has to
be dedicated. In other words, it's not based on usage, it's the Electrical Code. So why not just plug an EV into a standard 120 volt outlet? Well,
you can, but then you're only getting 2,400 watts (roughly 1/3rd that of a dedicated charger).
If the same business has say 500 employees, and they want to put in (50) chargers, not even their entire incoming electrical service is enough to
handle it at 360,000 watts (they only have 240kW at the service entrance). Now they're going to require a whole new electrical service in their
facility which will cost $200k-$300k...to handle just the EV's...and only (50) EV's at that. What if all 500 of their employees have EV's, what
then?
Okay, so let's just increase the voltage, right? Can't do that, facility electrical systems are not designed to operate at higher voltages (bad ju-ju
happens then, very bad).
As you can see, this challenge doesn't scale very well at all! In fact, it gets exponentially more stupid the more EV's we add to the equation.
We're not talking about just re-wiring someone's house here, we're talking about 'forklift' overhauls of entire metropolitan (cities) electrical
distribution grids also, in addition to re-wiring all those businesses.
People say they'll gladly pay a fee to charge their EV. That's not even one one hundredth of one percent of the issue! How does $1 trillion dollars
just to plug your EV in, and $80 million dollars a minute sound? That's the scale of misunderstanding we're talking about here! It's staggering.
edit on 9/13/2021 by Flyingclaydisk because: (no reason given)