In 1853-1856, a coalition of the British, French, Ottoman empires and the Sardinian kingdom attacked the Russian Empire. The war was named
"Crimean".
Ottoman Empire: wanted to suppress the national liberation movement in the Balkans; the conquest of the Crimea and the Black Sea coast of the
Caucasus.
England, France: hoped to undermine the international authority of Russia, weaken its position in the Middle East; to tear away from Russia the
territories of Poland, Crimea, the Caucasus, Finland; to strengthen its position in the Middle East, using it as a sales market.
British squadrons attacked St. Petersburg in the Baltic. Arkhangelsk in the White Sea and Petropavlovsk in Kamchatka. If in the Baltic the squadron
retreated without engaging in battle, frightened by powerful forts and coastal fortifications, then Arkhangelsk and Petropavlovsk withstood the siege
of the fleet, the remnants of the squadrons retreated.
The main hostilities, characterized by great bloodshed, took place during the aggression in the Crimea. Both sides suffered colossal losses. The
British have enough to remember the insane The Charge of the Light Brigade. The war ended with almost nothing, although Russia is believed to have
lost. The coalition retreated on all fronts.
A large number of the wounded were evacuated by the British to Constantinople (now Istanbul) to the large military hospital of Scutari. Near the
hospital, the British government bought land from Turkey for a cemetery, where dead soldiers and officers were buried. Now this cemetery is called
"Haydar Pasha", and there are many graves with epitaphs preserved on it. Some I want to show you, my friends, with some of my comments.
It is interesting how the aggressors justified and patriotically extolled the death of their soldiers in a foreign country. Although, at the same
time, each grave said the opposite - about the unnecessary death of someone's son, brother or husband. Let's read these inscriptions.
"In memory of Robert Malcolm Dewar, youngest son of James Dewar, Charles Street, Lowndes Square, London, cadet who passed away in Balaklava on
November 24, 1856, at the age of 13. Blessed are the dead in the Lord."
As you can see, even teenagers from military schools were taken to the war. Robert was practically still a boy.
"To the sacred memory of Major Robert William Colville of Her Majesty's 97th Regiment. Who fell from the severity of the winter campaign with the
allied army near Sevastopol. Died on January 2, 1855 on the transition from Balaklava to the hospital in Scutari at the age of 42, who readily ended
his life in the service in her country. The grieving sister erected this tombstone as a faint reminder of his virtues and distinctions. "
Very high-flown words. The only thing missing is the mention of the defense of freedom and democracy. Here are some more examples.
"To the sacred memory of George Henry Hughes, the captain of the royal riflemen, who was forced to leave the hardships of the siege of Sevastopol due
to illness, from which he died in Constantinople on December 11, 1854 at the age of 28 years. This stone was erected by his brothers-officers."
Many inscriptions use biblical quotations, another bizarre excuse for actions that are definitely questionable in terms of virtue. For example, a
similar one is used on another grave.
"In memory of Nathaniel Evanson Harisson, Lieutenant Colonel of the British Army, who died near Sevastopol on August 12, 1855 at the age of 42. All
those who knew his courageous and Christian character, his devotion to service are deeply grieved." Fight the good fight of faith "1 Timothy 6
:12."
Only in the Bible it is about faith, but here the context has already been distorted.
From Brothers Officers in memory of William Pitcairn Campbell, Major of the Royal Riflemen, 30, wounded by the Alma River and sent to Scutari, where
he died of a fever on March 22, 1855. The Christian warrior found peace in death, believing in the Savior's words: “Come to me, all you who are
weary and burdened, and I will give you rest” (Matthew 11:28).
But there is also one very mysterious slab, clearly Russian.
The old Russian spelling says: "Russian officers to a Russian officer. 1854 - 1904".
There is no information about him. There were even inquiries to the British War Burial Commission, which manages the Haydar Pasha cemetery. Obviously,
the tombstone was installed by Russian veterans of the Crimean War on the 50th anniversary. But to whom did they dedicate it in the English cemetery?
My guess is that the British also took Russian prisoners of war to Constantinople, who also found their last refuge here.
Thanks.