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And there is what, three studies with individuals as qualified, and probably more qualified than Hulsey concerning the WTC 7 collapse that concluded fire related collapse.
originally posted by: democracydemo
a reply to: neutronflux
And there is what, three studies with individuals as qualified, and probably more qualified than Hulsey concerning the WTC 7 collapse that concluded fire related collapse.
More qualified than The Metabunk guys, this should be good. Who are they?
Arup has been commissioned by Gennet, Kallmann, Antin & Robinson, P.C. (GKAR) to be part of an Expert Team investigating the technical reasons for the collapse of WTC 7. Specifically Arup’s role is to determine the potential collapse initiating event for the global collapse, as observed on September 11th 2001, by carrying out a numerical analys
www.metabunk.org...
When the NIST report was published, Barbara Lane, with the UK engineering firm Arup, criticized its conclusion that the loss of fire proofing was a necessary factor in causing the collapses; "We have carried out computer simulations which show that the towers would have collapsed after a major fire on three floors at once, even with fireproofing in place and without any damage from plane impact."[89] Jose L. Torero, formerly of the BRE Centre for Fire Safety Engineering at the University of Edinburgh, pursued further research into the potentially catastrophic effects of fire on real-scale buildings.[90][91][92]
en.m.wikipedia.org...
José Luis Torero FRSE FRSN (born in Lima, Peru) is the Head of the Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering at University College London. He took this appointment after two years (2017-2019) as the John L. Bryan Chair in the Department of Fire Protection Engineering and Director of the Center for Disaster Resilience in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Maryland (USA). He was formerly the Head of the School of Civil Engineering at the University of Queensland (2012-2017). He is Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (UK) since 2010,
en.m.wikipedia.org...
2020 – The 11th International Conference on Structures in Fire
The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 30th November - 2nd December, 2020
THE COLLAPSE OF WORLD TRADE CENTER 7: REVISITED
Mhd Anwar Orabi1, Liming Jiang2, Asif Usmani3, Jose Torero4
espace.library.uq.edu.au... d=APKAJKNBJ4MJBJNC6NLQ&Signature=DcYS1wRsn3pERJAU8~kI4Veder3J1ufNVqYWl~WzpOXHp5Zus3ifmu~de~rjka0fWB-zF3RE0qtuDobGPN1y0F~LYNAUPOofEEZOXLmwhp6LjuwU25sR2 ~dA8-gTEswZR5Wn4JYa7WzKqI3BI0eGcLCxbD9o2--c42hwJH3tgGGK~U8LmUButrLQCvxqmDyRm60K8D7rXwBlsoz8lUU944hSKdD67WSim~kIE8GI2ywulwsmAzjkATuSb1I8EOsthr67x4k3HZp u-IaslRYQ8XaolUYGlv6U2NclwFC8v2Y0jIbijQI57a-gxA9OG7elEB88iArJdaM7kVsLdde1jQ__
CONCLUSIONS
The collapse of WTC 7 remains to this day a unique event in the history of structural fire engineering. Despite occurring nearly twenty years ago, there is no real way to know what exactly caused its failure.
31
Multiple expert teams had investigated the disaster and tried to recreate the various events that led to the progressive failure of the structure. With most debris gone, the expert teams had to rely on photos, videos, and numerical modelling to piece together their different hypotheses. FDS and explicit FEM played a crucial role in each of the investigative teams’ approaches, which shows a trend towards more computationally intensive methods for forensic analysis of fire-attacked structures. By reviewing the various modelling approaches and hypotheses of the investigators some important insights about the case can be gained:
1. There is consensus amongst the investigators regarding two main aspects of the collapse of WTC7: fire was the primary cause of the failure, and the failure initiated in the east side of the building somewhere in the lower 14 floors.
2. FDS simulations of affected floors 7-9 and 11-13 calibrated against videos produce comparable temperatures in the structural components. Even the small variations in temperature, however, may result in different outcomes depending on the nature of the structural model.
3. Despite the tremendous efforts of the various investigative teams, there is no consensus regarding the exact initiating mechanism. Arup’s analysis showed that girder 44-79 would be pulled off of its seat, opposite to the prediction by NIST which show the girders pushed off of their seats. WAI’s analysis points towards a floor beam connection failing followed by entire floor collapsing. Finally, the UoE mechanical room fire scenario predicts that the failure may have occurred due to a completely different fire caused by a breach of the emergency power system.
4. Numerical models are only idealisations of real events, and thus by nature they would be dependent on the decisions made by the analyst. There are many discrepancies between the different numerical models and outcomes for WTC 7, and each may be sensitive to different factors. There still remains a gap in the knowledge on the most suitable approach to modelling large structural systems in fire, and what is the right level of abstraction to capture the most important aspects of the behaviour without complicating the models beyond reasonable computational cost and pushing it outside its predictive capacity.
Guy Nordenson and Associates
7 World Trade Center Collapse Investigation
2008–2011 | New York NY
Client Greenbaum Rowe Smith & Davis LLP / GKAR Partners
Project Leader and Structural Engineering Expert Guy Nordenson and Associates
Collaborators Dr. Anthony Ingraffea, Dr. Joseph Yura, Dr. Charles Kircher, Dr. Colin Bailey, Dr. Fred Mowrer, Dr. Jose Torero, Karagozian & Case, Arup Fire Engineering Practice
Guy Nordenson and Associates was the strategic leader of a team of engineering experts involved in litigation related to the collapse of 7 World Trade Center, the 47-story steel-framed office building that collapsed on 11 September 2001 as a result of fires that were initiated by the impact of debris from the terrorist attacks. In addition to coordinating the research conducted by experts in fire protection engineering, structural fire engineering, structural engineering, fracture mechanics, and dynamic impact analysis among other fields, GNA evaluated the structural code compliance of the building, analyzed the local connection failure mechanism and column buckling that likely resulted from the effects of the fire, and performed a staged nonlinear global collapse analysis to study the behavior of the building after the initial local failure and determine how it progressed to a catastrophic collapse.
Recent Lessons Learned in Structural Fire Engineering for Composite Steel Structures
July 2012Fire Technology 49(3)
DOI:10.1007/s10694-012-0291-8
Authors:
Graeme Flint at Arup
S. Lamont at Arup
B. Lane
H. Sarrazin
L. Lim
Darlene Rini at Arup
C. Roben
www.researchgate.net...
Abstract
The knowledge in the field of structural fire engineering has been greatly advanced through assessment of a number of real fires (WTC, Torre Windsor, Broadgate, etc.) and, especially, by the Cardington series of full scale structural fire tests. This knowledge has been used to validate and verify the use of computational finite element models that have expanded the range of structures that can be investigated under severe fire exposure. This paper presents a selection of key lessons learned by the authors through the assessment of structures in fire for real commercial building projects. The key areas of sensitivity that have been encountered are described and a discussion of each point presented. The paper is aimed at describing potential weaknesses that have been observed in the commercial work of the authors, often driven by the requirements for efficient ambient structural design. The paper concludes with some suggested advice for structural engineers aimed at increasing the general robustness of building structures. This is based on designing out as far as possible in the ambient design of a structure the potential weaknesses identified in past project work.
Graeme Flint
Arup | Arup · Fire Engineering
8.95
· PhD, MEng (Hons)
www.researchgate.net...
Dr Barbara Lane
Director
I am a Chartered Fire Engineer, and UK leader for the Applied Innovation and Technology Group at Arup – a highly specialised team of practitioners in the fields of fire safety engineering, lighting design, building performance + systems, acoustics, theatre consulting, accessible design, and virtual reality & visualisation.
The Group operates throughout Arup's offices in the UK and provides innovative services to clients in a variety of sectors, globally. Our core approach is the application of cutting edge research and advanced technologies, to enable a myriad of project types in the built environment.
My technical expertise and experience lends itself to the consideration of tall buildings, transportation hubs, commercial and residential developments, healthcare premises and extraordinary structures. I have specific construction dispute resolution experience, providing expert advice regarding the behaviour of construction materials and construction systems in fire, as well as Regulatory compliance requirements throughout design, construction and during building occupation.
I have a particular interest in applied research for improving standards and skills in the fire safety profession. Current topics include digital technologies, tall timber in fire, and fire safe facades.
www.arup.com...
Leroy Hulsey - Leroy Hulsey
John Leroy Hulsey (born 1941 in the United States ) is an American civil engineer and professor at the University of Alaska Fairbanks . There he heads a department at the College of Engineering and Mines . His areas of expertise are bridge construction and the effect of extreme temperatures on building structures.
Since 2015, Hulsey has been investigating the collapse of World Trade Center 7 (WTC 7) on behalf of Architects and Engineers for 9/11 Truth (AE911Truth) . Since November 2016,
he has been claiming that fire could not cause the building to collapse. He confirmed this in September 2019 and March 2020 with two texts that he published on his university's document server.
His commissioned study is used for conspiracy theories on September 11, 2001 and was scientifically not received.
training
Hulsey studied from 1965 at the Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy , where he received a Master of Science degree in civil engineering in 1967 . From 1968 to 1971 he completed postgraduate studies at this university, renamed the University of Missouri-Rolla (now part of the University of Missouri Systems ). 1976 doctorate he there for the Ph.D. in the field of structural engineering . [
second.wiki...
We can also derive from this analysis that even if the full horizontal progression of core column failures asserted by NIST, Arup/Nordenson, and Weidlinger had somehow occurred, leaving the exterior standing as a hollow shell momentarily, it would still not result in the observed straight-down collapse.
We can also derive from this analysis that even if the full horizontal progression of core column failures asserted by NIST, Arup/Nordenson, and Weidlinger had somehow occurred, leaving the exterior standing as a hollow shell momentarily, it would still not result in the observed straight-down collapse.
Protected Steel high rise never collapsed due to fire prior to 9/11. But you convinced it happened on 9/11 because you want to believe?.
There not a single bit of text recorded history, of buildings, of this type failing in such a manner due to fire.
Building seven did not come apart at all
The building did come apart like i show in that gif.
Thermal expansion of girders and beams leading to an asymmetrical total collapse however only occurred in the minds of NIST.
THE COLLAPSE OF WORLD TRADE CENTER 7: REVISITED
Mhd Anwar Orabi1, Liming Jiang2, Asif Usmani3, Jose Torero4
www.researchgate.net... ceb019/The-collapse-of-World-Trade-Center-7-revisited.pdf?origin=publication_detail
After seven hours of fire burning on consecutive floors and traversing the building perimeter, the structure finally gave in with what appeared to be a failure of the core where the penthouse on top of the the building first sank into the building followed by the outside framing.
en.m.wikipedia.org...
José Luis Torero FRSE FRSN (born in Lima, Peru) is the Head of the Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering at University College London. He took this appointment after two years (2017-2019) as the John L. Bryan Chair in the Department of Fire Protection Engineering and Director of the Center for Disaster Resilience in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Maryland (USA). He was formerly the Head of the School of Civil Engineering at the University of Queensland (2012-2017). He is Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (UK) since 2010,[1] the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering since 2014 and The Royal Society of Edinburgh (UK) since 2008.[2] He held the BRE/RAE Chair in Fire Safety Engineering and directed the BRE Centre for Fire Safety Engineering from 2004 to 2012. In 2018 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of New South Wales, being gazetted in the NSW Government Gazette (No 8, Thursday 31 January 2019) by the then Governor of New South Wales (now Governor General of Australia) His Excellency General, the Honourable David Hurley AC DSC(Rtd).[3]
He was co-Chair of Fire Safety at the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat from 2009-2015.[4]
He was the Editor-in-Chief of Fire Safety Journal [5] (2010 - 2016) and a member of the editorial board member of numerous journals including Fire Technology,[6] and Progress in Energy and Combustion Science.[7]
leaving the exterior standing as a hollow shell momentarily, it would still not result in the observed straight-down collapse.
originally posted by: Idontbelieve
a reply to: neutronflux
New WTC 7 collapse video showing explosive charges: www.youtube.com...
Katie was was killed instantly by a steel fragment sent flying from 430 metres across the lake. It was thought to be travelling at 140km/h.
www.canberratimes.com.au...
There is plenty of evidence for wrongdoing by looking over the findings in the official collapse report, published by the department of commerce ( in this case NIST) You can see the went to great lengths to “muddy the waters” about the event
It was a smoking gun comment
Neutro not able to understand the flow of 9/11 information that got released over the last decade.
originally posted by: Idontbelieve
a reply to: neutronflux
New WTC 7 collapse video showing explosive charges: www.youtube.com...
originally posted by: Idontbelieve
a reply to: neutronflux
New WTC 7 collapse video showing explosive charges: www.youtube.com...
originally posted by: neutronflux
a reply to: democracydemo
If Mick West was talking out his a$$. Why don’t the AE 9/11 Truth Lawyers take Mick West’s a$$ to court for slander. What’s the point of having a legal team?
What does any of that have to do with Fiterman Hall bearing witness that WTC 7 did not fall straight down?
UAF WTC 7 Evaluation Simulation Plausibility Check (Leroy Hulsey, AE911Truth)
m.youtube.com...
originally posted by: democracydemo
a reply to: democracydemo
No link for witness provided, just another one of your false claims again.