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Originally posted by soficrow
Originally posted by DrHoracid
... many researchers believe that insufficient evidence has been presented to prove this prion hypothesis conclusively.
Even so, Bush made prion research illegal under anti-terrorism legislation and also made it illegal for US scientists to talk publicly about prions and prion diseases...
If scientists who speak out end up in Guantanamo, we'll never know what's really going on, will we?
.
Originally posted by DrHoracid
Originally posted by soficrow
Originally posted by DrHoracid
... many researchers believe that insufficient evidence has been presented to prove this prion hypothesis conclusively.
Even so, Bush made prion research illegal under anti-terrorism legislation and also made it illegal for US scientists to talk publicly about prions and prion diseases...
If scientists who speak out end up in Guantanamo, we'll never know what's really going on, will we?
.
Can you prove this? Where does the patriot act ban prion research?
Originally posted by DrHoracid
Originally posted by soficrow
Bush made prion research illegal under anti-terrorism legislation and also made it illegal for US scientists to talk publicly about prions and prion diseases...
If scientists who speak out end up in Guantanamo, we'll never know what's really going on, will we?
.
Can you prove this? Where does the patriot act ban prion research?
Originally posted by sardion2000
can you point me in the direction of any alternate theories of the root causes of this potential plauge.
The Strain Game:
Environmental Changes Induce Prions to Change and Create New Strains
Note: In this context, 'environmental change' has a broad meaning: it includes mechanical change like high blood pressure, exposure to toxins or super-imposed infections, temperature changes, the shape of the target cell and more.
“UCSF scientists have demonstrated for the first time that a change in the folded shape of a prion protein changes its infectious properties – including the prion’s ability to jump ‘species barriers.’ The research, based on studies of prion infectivity in yeast, solves one of the great puzzles about prions:
...If they are infectious proteins with no genetic material of their own and no ability to mutate genetically, how can a single prion exist in different strains that can cause different diseases? The puzzle has led some to doubt that a protein alone causes mad cow and related diseases.
…Studies of the melting temperatures of the prions and their resistance to breakdown by enzymes indicated that the conditions generated prions with different physical properties.”
“Prion shape affects nature of infection”
www.medicalnewstoday.com...
Background Highlights
New infectious prion strain called vacuolar protease B (PrB) identified by the US National Institute of Diabetes, National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland. NIH officially acknowledges that:
a. Infectious prions can be enzymes;
b. Fibrous prion protein deposits are not necessarily amyloid proteins (Note: Previous research shows that 90% of type 2 diabetes patients have amyloid plaques in their pancreas); and
c. Infectious prions cause disease in other parts of the body besides the brain and central nervous system.
* Source: “A new kind of prion: a modified protein necessary for its own modification.” Cell Cycle. 2004 Mar-Apr;3(2):100-3. Roberts BT, Wickner RB. National Institute of Diabetes, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland USA. PMID: 14712063
www.landesbioscience.com...
Also see: “Role of islet amyloid in type 2 diabetes mellitus: consequence or cause?” Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2002 Nov 29;197(1-2):205-12. Hoppener JW, Nieuwenhuis MG, Vroom TM, Ahren B, Lips CJ. Department of Clinical Endocrinology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Location University Hospital, G02.228, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands. PMID: 12431814
“...prions may overcome natural transmissibility barriers between two species of mammals. This may happen if prion proteins from one of these two species have been exposed to abnormal prions from a third species.”
* “Researchers Make Major Gain In Understanding How Prions Jump Species” Source: Case Western Reserve University
www.sciencedaily.com...
“Cross-species infection with transmissible spongiform encephalopathy agents may lead to subclinical infection and to adaptation of the infection to new species.”
* “Subclinical scrapie infection in a resistant species: persistence, replication, and adaptation of infectivity during four passages.” Race R, Meade-White K, Raines A, Raymond GJ, Caughey B, Chesebro B. Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, 903 S. Fourth Street, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA. J Infect Dis. 2002 Dec 1;186 Suppl 2:S166-70. PMID: 12424693
“Conformational variations in an infectious protein determine prion strain differences.” Nature. 2004 Mar 18;428(6980):323-8. Tanaka M, Chien P, Naber N, Cooke R, Weissman JS. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA. PMID: 15029196
“...the biochemical isoform of PrP(Sc) found is influenced by the cell type in which it accumulates.”
* “Peripheral Tissue Involvement in Sporadic, Iatrogenic, and Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: An Immunohistochemical, Quantitative, and Biochemical Study.” Am J Pathol. 2004 Jan;164(1):143-153. Head MW, Ritchie D, Smith N, McLoughlin V, Nailon W, Samad S, Masson S, Bishop M, McCardle L, Ironside JW. National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit and Division of Pathology, School of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. PMID: 14695328
Also see: "Mad Cow" Disease Uses Immune System to Spread in Body
www.abovetopsecret.com...
“Diverse human disorders …arise from misfolding and aggregation of an underlying protein.”
“Protein misfolding and disease: the case of prion disorders.” Cell Mol Life Sci. 2003 Jan;60(1):133-43. Hetz C, Soto C. Serono Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 14 Chemin des Aulx, 1228 Plan les Ouates, Switzerland. PMID: 12613663
“Prions, once dismissed as an impossibility, have now gained wide recognition as extraordinary agents that cause a number of infectious, genetic and spontaneous disorders”
www.cyber-dyne.com...
“…this hypothesis would shed some light on other diseases not presently classified as prion diseases and in the process of ageing.”
* “Prion plaques: molecular tumors. A hypothesis on the etiopathogenesis of prion diseases.” Ossa JE, Machado G, Giraldo MA, McEwen JG. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia. Med Hypotheses. 1995 Feb;44(2):124-6. PMID: 7596306
* “Cyclic amplification of protein misfolding: application to prion-related disorders and beyond.” Trends Neurosci. 2002 Aug;25(8):390-4. Soto C, Saborio GP, Anderes L. Serono International SA, Geneva, Switzerland. PMID: 12127750
* “Chronic Subclinical Prion Disease Induced by Low-Dose Inoculum” Received September 24, 2001; J Virol. 2002 March; 76 (5): 2510–2517 Alana M. Thackray,1 Michael A. Klein,2 Adriano Aguzzi,3 and Raymond Bujdoso www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov...
For example, research shows prion infections cause diverse muscle disorders in skeletal, heart and smooth muscles - the three kinds of muscle in the human body:
“...mutant PrP in the brain and spinal cord, intermediate levels in skeletal muscle, heart, and testis and low levels in kidney, lung, spleen, intestine, and stomach. Up to 70% of the PG14 PrP expressed in peripheral tissues”
* “Primary myopathy and accumulation of PrPSc-like molecules in peripheral tissues...” Neurobiol Dis. 2001 Apr;8(2):279-88. Chiesa R, Pestronk A, Schmidt RE, Tourtellotte WG, Ghetti B, Piccardo P, Harris DA. Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. PMID: 11300723
* “Prions in skeletal muscle.” Brazier MW, Cappai R, Collins SJ. Aust Vet J. 2002 Aug;80(8):484-5. PMID: 12224617
* “Deposition of disease-associated prion protein involves the peripheral nervous system in experimental scrapie.” Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1999 Nov;98(5):453-7. Groschup MH, Beekes M, McBride PA, Hardt M, Hainfellner JA, Budka H. Bundesforschungsanstalt fur Viruskrankheiten der Tiere, Institut fur Impfstoffe, Tubingen, Germany. PMID: 10541866
“...diseased individuals forming lesions, vacuoles and ... New marker for human prion protein (CD230 ... reported on neurons, astrocytes, smooth muscle cells and...”
* “New marker for human prion protein (CD230)”
www.serotec.co.uk/supplement%20pdfs/June2001.pdf
“... effect of A[beta] peptides on vascular smooth muscle cells and ...”
* “Anchor-dependent and -independent Prion Protein Association” JBC -- Abstracts: Mahfoud et al. 277 (13): 11292 www.jbc.org/cgi/content/abstract/277/13/11292
NOTE: “Cholesterol is necessary both for the toxic effect of A[beta] peptides on vascular smooth muscle cells and for A[beta] binding to vascular smooth muscle cell membranes” J. Neurochem., February 1, 2003; 84(3): 471 - 479. S. Subasinghe, S. Unabia, C. J. Barrow, S. S. Mok, M.-I. Aguilar, and D. H. Small
“Subclinical prion infection in humans and animals.” Br Med Bull. 2003;66:161-70. Hill AF, Collinge J. MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, London, UK. PMID: 14522857
That said - scanned the abstracts, they seem to deal with the fact that prions hitch-hike on viruses, which contributes to the development of new disease forms - and that the same process can be used to develop vaccine delivery systems...
Originally posted by superdude
anyway is it possible for the prion to actually combine with the virus and change the structure of either, or both?
Originally posted by soficrow
DrHoracid - don't you read the ats rules? ...you are not supposed to just post a link, but to provide a synopsis and commentary!
That said - scanned the abstracts, they seem to deal with the fact that prions hitch-hike on viruses, which contributes to the development of new disease forms - and that the same process can be used to develop vaccine delivery systems...
...and that one of the vaccines in development using this approach is an AIDS vaccine - or does the article confirm that AIDS is a prion-related strain, resulting from cross-breeding viruses-bacteria-prions ...?
Help me out here - just took a very fast look at the abstracts and didn't go to the full articles at all... Later, but in the meantime - can you summarize? Please?
.
Originally posted by DrHoracid
Soory about just the link, (time).
The data indiate that AIDS "may" be linked to prion activity. Prions seem to mutate at will based on the host cell.
Prions may be the source of many, many diseases.
Because they "hijack" the immune system, they may infect the entire "Host" not just organs.
Because of their nature, Prions may be a prime "biowar" agent that can be "custom" engineered to specific DNA groups, perhaps down to specifc "organs" . (get it?)
Originally posted by DrHoracid
"If" one had the technology, and the "time", they could target specific individuals with specific disease, in particular cancerous tumors, all based on that individuals source "dna" sample........in theory of course.
Originally posted by DrHoracid
Sofi, prions have been with us always, perhaps since day one.
Data indicate that the lack of a specific enzyme "allows" the PrP to "attack" the host cells. It is possible that the "outbreak" is realted to an enviromental cause that reduces the "guard" enzyme amount to allow PrP replication.
a) The little suckers are rampant - in soil, water, rivers, oceans, never mind tap water - and pretty much coat every surface in your average hospital and food processing plant;
b) Treatments and vaccines already exist - but require "personalized medicine" for diagnosis and individualized protein cocktails for treatment - and there's not an insurance company in the world that gonna touch that with a ten foot pole - not to mention it has to be done over again with every new infection;
c) Clean up is possible - with new enzymes, filters and methods;
d) It is possible to prevent further spread and work to prevent new disease mutations by getting rid of pollution, toxins in our food etc - but requires major investments and a complete sterilization of various facilities and "restructuring" of systems.
Originally posted by DrHoracid
The "explosion" of prions may not be caused by "biological" agents. Thier sudden "growth" may be infact realted to electromechanical/magnetic "polution". The rise in prion disease happens to coincides with the use of "electricity".
There is a theory that imune system depression is related to the electromagnetic fields that now surround all things. The enzymes that keep prions in "check" are suppressed due to these "fields".
Take a step back and consider this issue. In the next year or so a study of this will be forthcoming........Trust me..........
Originally posted by soficrow
How do you explain the fact that prion diseases affect numerous wild species and third world populations that are not exposed to electricity?
Originally posted by DrHoracid
Reconsider that statement...........Is there a place on this planet no subject to electromagnetic waves? Cell towers, deep ocean power and telephone cables, submarines, ships, etc, etc,
Satellites.