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It may take forever, we don't know if it's possible to understand nature completely. However our theories are not just incomplete. They have to include mechanisms ad-hoc to explain certain features, which is something that gives a hint about how close to reality they are.
We often overlook at how we do discoveries, which isn't throught theories (Except at large and micro scales). Experiments and intuition make the breakthroughs then theories come in to explain stuff.
I'm not really using it interchangeably, mass is the quantity of energy in matter. Photons energy is due to their momentum, not mass, so no form of energy has mass. Mass is the higgs field coupling in the SM, matter isn't. Also relativistic mass is not exactly mass since mass is a property of matter and matter at relativistic speed don't acquire mass in their own reference frame.
Nuclei are made up of protons and neutron, but the mass of a nucleus is always less than the sum of the individual masses of the protons and neutrons which constitute it. The difference is a measure of the nuclear binding energy which holds the nucleus together. This binding energy can be calculated from the Einstein relationship:
Nuclear binding energy = Δmc2
Nuclear Binding Energy
Whenever energy is added to a system, the system gains mass:
* A spring's mass increases whenever it is put into compression or tension. Its added mass arises from the added potential energy stored within it, which is bound in the stretched chemical (electron) bonds linking the atoms within the spring.
* Raising the temperature of an object (increasing its heat energy) increases its mass. For example, consider the world's primary mass standard for the kilogram, made of platinum/iridium. If its temperature is allowed to change by 1 °C, its mass will change by 1.5 picograms (1 pg = 1×10−12 g).[36]
* A spinning ball will weigh more than a ball that is not spinning. Its increase of mass is exactly the equivalent of the mass of energy of rotation, which is itself the sum of the kinetic energies of all the moving parts of the ball. For example, the Earth itself is more massive due to its daily rotation, than it would be with no rotation. This rotational energy (2.14×1029 J) represents 2.38 billion metric tons of added mass.[37]
en.wikipedia.org...
So before being sure that DM exist as matter or exotic matter, I'm gonna wait for an experimental proof and won't laugh at other fringe theories that try to explain it in another way.
originally posted by: intergalactic fire
a reply to: OOOOOO
So yes it might be the universe is smaller than we think and expansion doesn't exist.
It could last a lot longer than 23 trillion years, what do you think about forever, it was and always will be here?
Everything is created out of the aether. Space is only created by discharge where on the other hand charge is the "destruction" of space. What i want to say is empty space do not exist.
Compare it with a permanent magnet, creating and eliminating space at the same time, we better know it as attraction and repulsion.
originally posted by: ImaFungi
a reply to: netbound
Reality is quantitatively finite (discrete)
Reality is qualitatively infinite (continuous); due to Time being infinite/continuous
originally posted by: ChaoticOrder
Personally I would say that both space and time are quantized at the Planck scale because continuous space-time seems to have so many conceptual and mathematical issues associated with it. I also tend to lean towards the flat infinite model of space-time because all the current evidence supports that model and it's the most elegant solution in my opinion because it allows the universe to have a zero total energy content. So I would say that space-time is separated into discrete units like everything else in nature, but the extent of space-time is infinite in all directions, in other words there is no end to the universe, so it's continuous in that sense.
originally posted by: KrzYma
originally posted by: ChaoticOrder
Personally I would say that both space and time are quantized at the Planck scale because continuous space-time seems to have so many conceptual and mathematical issues associated with it. .
This is a very nice picture !
I see it the same way, just with different variables.
The smallest possible quanta is infinite small in an infinite large Universe.
Propagation speed in EM field slows down with its density and gravity is a byproduct of electric interaction.
originally posted by: ChaoticOrder
originally posted by: ImaFungi
a reply to: netbound
Reality is quantitatively finite (discrete)
Reality is qualitatively infinite (continuous); due to Time being infinite/continuous
Personally I would say that both space and time are quantized at the Planck scale because continuous space-time seems to have so many conceptual and mathematical issues associated with it.
originally posted by: ChaoticOrder
a reply to: Mastronaut
I'm not saying all of our models are perfect nor am I saying they don't have problems. You keep saying the same thing over and over again as if you think I don't understand the point you're trying to make. I'm obviously not trying to push the standard model, the purpose of this thread is to show that the standard model is clearly faulty and can't explain many of our recent observations relating to DM. Your problem is that you basically throw all of science out the window and you wont accept any evidence that anyone presents to you. That's not a logical way of doing science.
Funnily enough that is exactly how the theory of dark matter was developed. Our experiments indicated some type of missing mass, so cosmologists developed different theories to explain what they were seeing, and the theory of weakly interacting massive particles just happens to be the most successful so far. Like you I don't agree with that model, I think DM is something much stranger and probably isn't a particle at all. That's what this entire thread is about, so you're basically arguing the same thing I am without even realizing it.
Mass is not just the quantity of energy in the matter, it's the total quantity of energy in the entire system. Photons do in fact have a relativistic mass, they just don't have a rest mass because the only mass they have is due to their momentum, that is why it's impossible to make a photon stop moving. If you cannot accept the idea that kinetic energy possesses a mass then perhaps the example of binding energy will convince you that all forms of energy have a mass associated with them...
In this thread I have argued that DM is not any type of particle and I've put forward my own fringe theory which proposed that DM is a gravitational illusion. Yet here you are lecturing me that I don't pay enough credit to fringe theories and it's absolutely ridiculous. There is a reason I've been an ATS member for many years, I don't trust mainstream science to research fringe theories like they should. But I also understand when mainstream science is actually on the right track.
Dark Energy is 72% of our universe and Dark Matter, which bends light due to its' mass is 23% so you can figure just 5% of our universe is visible and mostly known by our science. Dark Energy is what causes the universe to expand/inflate at an ever increasing rate; it is a repulsive energy. You would think it would be a major power house in this universe but it is actually a decimal point followed by 122 zeros and a 1. Any stronger force and the galaxies, planets, and suns could not exist so, neither could we.
The Aether, or "Ether" as described by Nikola Tesla:
"Ether is the cause of every magnetic field."
"Electicity could not exist without ether."
"Ether is the medium for every electromagnetic wave, from radio waves to gamma rays."
"Every particle in the universe is bathed in a sea of ether, including the orbiting electrons of atoms and plasma."
"Ether is how particles moving near the speed of light in a vacuum "know" how fast they are moving, even if they are accelerated very, very slowly."
"When ether get cold enough, its properties change, causing strange phenomena to both atoms and light. In fact using very cold temperatures is a way to isolate exactly what ether affects. It may turn out that very cold temperatures are to "ether physics" as accelerators are to particle physics."
"Ere many generations pass, our machinery will be driven by a power obtainable at any point in the universe. This idea is not novel... we find it in the delightful myth of Antheus, who derives power from the earth; we find it amoung the subtle speculations of one of your splendid mathematicians.... Throughout space there is energy. Is this energy static or kinetic? If static our hopes are in vain, if kinetic - and this we know it is, for certain - then it is a mere question of time when men shall succeed in attaching their machinery to the very wheelwork of nature."
I wonder sometimes if many of the things we observe in our dimensional universe is because we are tied to the Brane that gave birth to the Big Bang. The Big Bang theory has never been able to explain what banged, why it banged, and what caused the Bang until string/ 'M' theory came along
We aren't going to uncover the secrets of reality if we start with such a high level abstraction of reality.
originally posted by: kennyb72
a reply to: ChaoticOrder
We aren't going to uncover the secrets of reality if we start with such a high level abstraction of reality.
Why would that be?
Do you somehow, deludedly think, that the real truth is anything that a human mind could even come close to understanding?