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originally posted by: stirling
The researchers suggest that architects and engineers may want to reexamine the design of workplaces and hospitals — and air circulation on airplanes — to reduce the chance that airborne pathogens will transmitted among people.
How the world will look if Ebola goes global
….Americans are having a failure of imagination – failing to imagine that the most serious Ebola threat to our country is not in Dallas, not in our country, not even on our borders. It is on the borders of other countries that lack our ability to extinguish sparks.
….It isn't a big leap to the suspicion, disruption and expense that will then be triggered in response to any travellers from the region. From there, it isn't much of a further leap to closed borders, curbs on international movement, disruption in global trade, cuts in productivity, even civil unrest and the opportunities that unrest offers to extremist movements. None of that is far-fetched, if Ebola is not controlled.
Dynamics and control of Ebola virus transmission in Montserrado, Liberia: a mathematical modelling analysis
Interpretation
The number of beds at EVD treatment centres needed to effectively control EVD in Montserrado substantially exceeds the 1700 pledged by the USA to west Africa. Accelerated case ascertainment is needed to maximise effectiveness of expanding the capacity of EVD treatment centres. Distributing protective kits can further augment prevention of EVD, but it is not an adequate stand-alone measure for controlling the outbreak. Our findings highlight the rapidly closing window of opportunity for controlling the outbreak and averting a catastrophic toll of EVD cases and deaths.
….Findings of our analysis suggest that the capacity of EVD treatment centres needed to reduce the severity of the current outbreak greatly exceeds current international commitments. Therefore, many more EVD treatment centres than have been pledged will be needed to avert substantial numbers of EVD cases and deaths. ... Further delays in the provision of effective interventions will continue to undermine the likelihood of averting EVD cases and deaths, suggesting we must scale interventions to the continuously escalating need expeditiously, despite potential costs (panel).
….Continued spread of Ebola virus threatens affected west African nations and the rest of the world, making outbreak containment a global health priority. ...
….But what if, because of this weekend's events, volunteers are discouraged from going to West Africa, for fear of how they will be received on return?
….Ebola will become endemic: a permanent health risk, waxing and waning unpredictably, in an area without the health care personnel to control it or the surveillance to track it. They envision:
* dozens of sparks landing in the U.S. and other developed countries, not just from West Africa but from all over the world
* healthcare workers won't come to work
* cancer patients and HIV-infected persons and children with asthma can't get their medicines because 40 percent of generic drugs in the U.S. come from India, where production and shipping have halted
* refugees, under pressure from civil unrest, insurrection, famine, and economic collapse, [pour] across every border -- some sick, some healthy, some incubating?
It is not guaranteed, they say, that a successful vaccine against Ebola can be "developed, produced, and distributed" in time, and in large enough amounts, to throw a fence of containment around the disease.
….We barely try to imagine what a developing-world pandemic would be like for people who live there. We try and fail to imagine what it would be like for us and our loved ones.
What would it be like:
* if there are dozens of sparks landing in the U.S. and other developed countries, not just from West Africa but from all over the world?
* if healthcare workers won’t come to work?
* if cancer patients and HIV-infected persons and children with asthma can’t get their medicines because 40 percent of generic drugs in the U.S. come from India, where production and shipping have halted?
* if refugees, under pressure from civil unrest, insurrection, famine, and economic collapse, are pouring across every border – some sick, some healthy, some incubating?
* if Ebola in the developing world launches the next Global Financial Crisis?
* if the Holy Grail, the deus-ex-machina – a successful Ebola vaccine – cannot be developed, produced, and distributed before all this happens?
A person might also get infected by touching a surface or object that has
germs on it and then touching their mouth or nose.
be alarmed as Ebola is only transmissible through bodily fluids
Is Ebola airborne?
No. Ebola is not spread through the airborne route nor through water or food.
Is Ebola spread through droplets?
Yes. To get Ebola, you have to directly get body fluids (like pee, poop, spit, sweat, vomit, semen, breast milk) from
someone who has Ebola in your mouth, nose, eyes or through a break in your skin or through sexual contact.
What's your point?
The pdf is apparently dated 10/27/2014 - 07:54am at the bottom.
This type of transmission is, at base, immediate. The transfer of the infectious agent is, as the name implies, directly into the body. Different infectious agents may enter the body using different routes. Some routes by which infectious diseases are spread directly include personal contact, such as touching, biting, kissing or sexual intercourse. In these cases the agent enters the body through the skin, mouth, an open cut or sore, or sexual organs. Infectious agents may spread by tiny droplets of spray directly into the conjunctiva (the mucus membranes of the eye), or the nose or mouth during sneezing, coughing, spitting, singing or talking (although usually this type of spread is limited to about within one meter's distance.) This is called droplet spread.
"According to the previous physical picture, no drops would travel more than a couple of meters," Bush told weather.com. "According to our revised physical picture, small drops can be resuspended by the gas cloud, and so easily span the entirety of a room."
The droplets can even travel through ceiling ventilation units.
“You can have ventilation contamination in a much more direct way than we would have expected originally,” said Lydia Bourouiba, an assistant professor in MIT’s Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, in the press release.
If you get sneezed on by an ebola patient you are at risk of contracting the disease. Is that a surprise to anyone?
In general, the disease risk of toilet seats is overrated, but you probably can get Ebola from a toilet seat.
The risk is not so much the seat itself as the whole bathroom. But not just any bathroom. The risk would come from a bathroom that an Ebola victim in an infectious phase has recently used.
The field hospitals run by Doctors Without Borders in Africa are laid out so that patients who definitely have Ebola never share toilet facilities with staff members or with patients who are only “possible” cases.
Ebola victims often lose control of their bowels and excrete copious amounts of diarrhea. They also vomit heavily. Those liquids are highly infectious. Touching them and then touching one’s eye or mouth or inside the nose could transmit the disease. Urine also carries some risk, but viral loads in urine are not nearly as high as those in vomit and feces.
For workers in Ebola field hospitals, one of the riskiest acts is touching their boots or shoe covers. The Doctors Without Borders calls from them to slosh their feet in a bath of chlorinated water and then remove their boots with a bootjack, so as to never touch them with their hands.
In modern buildings, toilets that flush loudly and powerfully are a risk in themselves. The flushing create a mist of droplets that splash onto the face and hands or may contaminate stall surfaces.
Washington (CNN) -- They're just back from the Ebola hot zone, they can't have any physical contact with family or loved ones and their plastic forks are being burned after each use.
But American troops quarantined in Italy have good morale and are proud of their work against the "silent enemy" of Ebola, according to Major General Darryl Williams, who is being isolated alongside his men at the Army base in Vicenza.
U.S. Army personnel will continue to be placed in 21-day quarantine as they return home to their base in Italy, according to Williams, commander of US Army forces in Africa, who spoke to CNN from within the isolation area by military video conference.