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Neurochem Res. Feb 2012; 37(2): 436–447.
Published online Oct 21, 2011. doi: 10.1007/s11064-011-0630-z
PMCID: PMC3264864
Administration of Thimerosal to Infant Rats Increases Overflow of Glutamate and Aspartate in the Prefrontal Cortex: Protective Role of Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate
Michalina Duszczyk-Budhathoki,1 Mieszko Olczak,1,3 Malgorzata Lehner,2 and Maria Dorota Majewskacorresponding author1,4
Abstract.
Thimerosal, a mercury-containing vaccine preservative, is a suspected factor in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. We previously showed that its administration to infant rats causes behavioral, neurochemical and neuropathological abnormalities similar to those present in autism. Here we examined, using microdialysis, the effect of thimerosal on extracellular levels of neuroactive amino acids in the rat prefrontal cortex (PFC). Thimerosal administration (4 injections, i.m., 240 μg Hg/kg on postnatal days 7, 9, 11, 15) induced lasting changes in amino acid overflow: an increase of glutamate and aspartate accompanied by a decrease of glycine and alanine; measured 10–14 weeks after the injections. Four injections of thimerosal at a dose of 12.5 μg Hg/kg did not alter glutamate and aspartate concentrations at microdialysis time (but based on thimerosal pharmacokinetics, could have been effective soon after its injection). Application of thimerosal to the PFC in perfusion fluid evoked a rapid increase of glutamate overflow. Coadministration of the neurosteroid, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS; 80 mg/kg; i.p.) prevented the thimerosal effect on glutamate and aspartate; the steroid alone had no influence on these amino acids. Coapplication of DHEAS with thimerosal in perfusion fluid also blocked the acute action of thimerosal on glutamate. In contrast, DHEAS alone reduced overflow of glycine and alanine, somewhat potentiating the thimerosal effect on these amino acids. Since excessive accumulation of extracellular glutamate is linked with excitotoxicity, our data imply that neonatal exposure to thimerosal-containing vaccines might induce excitotoxic brain injuries, leading to neurodevelopmental disorders. DHEAS may partially protect against mercurials-induced neurotoxicity.
...
originally posted by: InverseLookingGlass
My pediatrician had no idea what was in the vaccination they were insisting I give my child. I'll never forget the look in her eyes when I explained the ingredients listed on the vaccine insert. Pharma marketing is so pervasive that even Dr's are brainwashed. It's genuinely dangerous.
“Even among the physicians who are the biggest purveyors and promoters of vaccination, it would appear that when the needle is turned around, the inoculation mania subsides. In a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, 90% of obstetricians and about 70% of pediatricians refused to take the rubella vaccine.
currenthealthscenario.blogspot.com...
"I found that the whole vaccine business was indeed a gigantic hoax. Most doctors are convinced that they are useful, but if you look at the proper statistics and study the instance of these diseases you will realize that this is not so." ~ DR. Archie Kalokerinos MD
My final conclusion after forty years or more in this business is that the unofficial policy of the World Health Organization and the unofficial policy of ‘Save the Children’s Fund and almost all those organizations is one of murder and genocide. They want to make it appear as if they are saving these kids, but in actual fact they don’t. I am talking of those at the very top. Beneath that level is another level of doctors and health workers, like myself, who don’t really understand what they are doing. But I cannot see any other possible explanation: It is murder and it is genocide."
~ DR. Archie Kalokerinos M.D.
www.whale.to...
"The medical industry is no longer to be trusted. We have a Medical Inquisition. The Rockefellers took it over way back and warped a lot of it. Our doctors are brainwashed.
The Rockefellers are dedicated to population reduction and are using the medical industry to do it."
Confessions of a Medical Heretic ~ Robert Mendelsohn, M.D
"Much of what you have been led to believe about immunizations simply isn't true. I not only have grave misgivings about them, I would urge you to reject all inoculations for your child. Although I administered them my-self during my early years of practice, I have become a steadfast opponent of mass inoculation because of the myriad hazards they present." ~ Robert Mendelsohn, M.D.
"The greatest threat of childhood disease lies in the dangerous and ineffectual efforts made to prevent them through mass immunization." ~ Dr Robert S Mendelsohn
“I do not believe in Modern Medicine. I am a medical heretic. I believe that Modern Medicine’s treatments for disease . . . are more dangerous than the diseases they are designed to treat."
~ Robert S. Mendelsohn, M.D.
The only wholly safe vaccine is a vaccine that is never used.
~ Dr James A Shannon
Many doctors and health‐care practitioners do not get vaccinated
and do not vaccinate their children. Why not?
• They know vaccines are not proven to be safe or effective.
• They know vaccines contain dangerous substances.
• They know vaccines cause serious health problems.
• They have treated patients with serious side effects from vaccines.
Source
There is a great deal of evidence to prove that immunization of children does more harm than good,...there is no rationale for forcing immunization ~ Dr J Anthony Morris
"Only after realising that routine immunisations were dangerous did I achieve a substantial drop in infant death rates. The worst vaccine of all is the whooping cough vaccine... it is responsible for a lot of deaths and for a lot of infants suffering irreversible brain damage. In susceptible infants, it knocks their immune systems about, leading to irreparable brain damage, or severe attacks or even deaths from diseases like pneumonia or gastro-enteritis and so on." --Dr. Kalokerinos, M.D. Famous Vaccine Quotes
"My honest opinion is that vaccination is the cause of more disease and suffering than anything I could name." -Dr. Harry R. Baybee
originally posted by: ElectricUniverse
Nurses are required to wear face masks for refusing the flu vaccine.
Photo from Nurses Against Mandatory Vaccines Facebook Page.
Health Impact News Editor
...
In addition to the violation of personal rights, the CDC published a study in 2013 showing that vaccination of healthcare workers with the seasonal flu vaccine offered no significant measurable protection of patients from the flu. (See: CDC Study: Mandatory Flu Vaccinations of Health Care Workers Offer NO Protection to Patients)
originally posted by: ElectricUniverse
originally posted by: GetHyped
This is nonsense. You don't get the flu from the flu vaccine. The flu vaccine is not 100% effective which is why even if youg et the jab you can still get the flu.
IT's not nonsense. When you inject yourself with the vaccine you are injecting yourself the virus, or bacteria that is supposedly in a weakened state. Even if it is weakened you are still injecting yourself with the virus, and this compromises your immune system. Because of this, more so people with an already weakened immune system, will get sick.
originally posted by: HawkeyeNation
I work for a large health corporation in the Midwest. Those at the hospital have that same option. If they don't take the vlu vaccine they need to wear a mask. I agree with it. In that type of environment you have to prevent the spread of the flu as much as possible.
While I agree with which someone has that right I myself find it ridiculous. I get the flu shot every year and so do my boys. I also agree there are some toxins in these vaccinations I firmly believe that the risk is very small. There is a reason why some of these known diseases are coming back.
IMO...get the flu shot.
originally posted by: Pardon?
originally posted by: luciddream
a reply to: Pardon?
Considering 90% of the stuff the poster posts ar ecopy/paste i seriously doubt they have any knowledge, other than of course anti-vaxi "facts" that get passed around between the whole group.
originally posted by: Pardon?
The anti-vax lies are strong in this thread.
Any nurse who refuses a vaccination on the grounds that "it infringes their right as an individual" should reconsider the career they've chosen.
...
For outcomes that matter the most—lab-confirmed flu and flu hospitalizations—the two meta-analyses (the CDC's and Cochrane's) both find low or very low levels of evidence, he said. "We simply don't have good evidence that vaccination of healthcare personnel prevents influenza transmission to patients," Kelley said.
The newest study findings are very different from the one that guided HCW flu vaccination recommendations made by the CDC's Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) in 2006, he noted. That analysis was based on two randomized control trials that had been published at the time and found that the evidence was highest quality.
Kelley said the difference between the two new meta-analyses is how they view all-cause mortality, which he said isn’t a very specific outcome, because it's not directly related to influenza. The Cochrane group excluded the measure, but the authors of the newest study included the outcome, which was the only outcome that showed moderate evidence; the rest were low.
...
originally posted by: Pardon?
The science for vaccinating is extremely robust.
originally posted by: Pardon?
The "science" against them is extremely sketchy.
originally posted by: Pardon?
If it comes down to what you believe then you're not doing the science part.
originally posted by: ElectricUniverse
originally posted by: Pardon?
The anti-vax lies are strong in this thread.
Any nurse who refuses a vaccination on the grounds that "it infringes their right as an individual" should reconsider the career they've chosen.
Nurses have rights as well, and the fact is, despite you trying to claim that vaccines are safe, they are not. You can refer to the dozen or so research papers I posted in this thread.
You obviously did not even read the reports.
From the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy
...
For outcomes that matter the most—lab-confirmed flu and flu hospitalizations—the two meta-analyses (the CDC's and Cochrane's) both find low or very low levels of evidence, he said. "We simply don't have good evidence that vaccination of healthcare personnel prevents influenza transmission to patients," Kelley said.
The newest study findings are very different from the one that guided HCW flu vaccination recommendations made by the CDC's Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) in 2006, he noted. That analysis was based on two randomized control trials that had been published at the time and found that the evidence was highest quality.
Kelley said the difference between the two new meta-analyses is how they view all-cause mortality, which he said isn’t a very specific outcome, because it's not directly related to influenza. The Cochrane group excluded the measure, but the authors of the newest study included the outcome, which was the only outcome that showed moderate evidence; the rest were low.
...
www.cidrap.umn.edu...
originally posted by: Pardon?
The science for vaccinating is extremely robust.
it certainly isn't robust... on the contrary, more and more evidence shows that children and adults can contract many serious health conditions, including neurological from vaccines...
originally posted by: Pardon?
The "science" against them is extremely sketchy.
That's what you are claiming, and that's all you are doing, making a claim which so far you haven't corroborated.
originally posted by: Pardon?
If it comes down to what you believe then you're not doing the science part.
That's more of your style. I showed several research papers which corroborate the fact that vaccines are not safe...
originally posted by: GetHyped
a reply to: AmenStop
Do you inhabit a parallel world or something? There's countless clinical trials showing the safety and efficacy of vaccines. Here:
scholar.google.co.uk...
Ati-vaxxers have literally nothing except fear to bring to the table.
© 2008 Science Publications
Corresponding Author: Matthew P. Anderson, Departments of Neurology and Pathology,
Harvard Medical School/Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Institutes of Medicine,
Room 846, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115 USA, Tel: 6176670853
167
Bridging from Cells to Cognition in Autism Pathophysiology: Biological
Pathways to Defective Brain Function and Plasticity
1Matthew P. Anderson, 2Brian S. Hooker and 3Martha R. Herbert
1Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School/Beth Israel Deaconess Medical
Center, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Room 846, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115 USA
2High Throughput Biology Team, Fundamental Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, WA 99354 USA
3Pediatric Neurology/Center for Morphometric Analysis, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard
Medical School, 149 13th St., Room 6012, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA
and
Center for Child and Adolescent Development, Cambridge Health Alliance/Harvard Medical School,
101 Station Landing, Room 2105, Medford, MA 02155 USA
Abstract: We review evidence to support a model where the disease process underlying autism may begin when an in utero or early postnatal environmental, infectious, seizure, or autoimmune insult triggers an immune response that increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the brain that leads to DNA damage (nuclear and mitochondrial) and metabolic enzyme blockade and that these inflammatory and oxidative stressors persist beyond early development (with potential further exacerbations), producing ongoing functional consequences. In organs with a high metabolic demand such as the central nervous system, the continued use of mitochondria with damaged DNA and impaired metabolic enzyme function may generate additional ROS which will cause persistent activation of the innate immune system leading to more ROS production. Such a mechanism would self-sustain and possibly progressively worsen. The mitochondrial dysfunction and altered redox signal transduction pathways found in autism would conspire to activate both astroglia and microglia. These activated cells can then initiate a broad-spectrum proinflammatory gene response. Beyond the direct effects of ROS on neuronal function, receptors on neurons that bind the inflammatory mediators may serve to inhibit neuronal signaling to protect them from excitotoxic damage during various pathologic insults (e.g., infection). In autism, over-zealous neuroinflammatory responses could not only influence neural developmental processes, but may more significantly impair neural signaling involved in cognition in an ongoing fashion. This model makes specific predictions in patients and experimental animal models and suggests a number of targets sites of intervention. Our model of potentially reversible pathophysiological mechanisms in autism motivates our hope that effective therapies may soon appear on the horizon.
...
ISSN 1553-3468
© 2008 Science Publications
Corresponding Author: J. Jay Gargus, MD, PhD. Prof., University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Department of
Physiology & Biophysics and Department of Pediatrics, Section of Human Genetics, 328 Sprague
Hall, 839 Medical Sciences Ct., Irvine, CA 92697-4034
198
Mitochondrial Energy-Deficient Endophenotype in Autism
1J. Jay Gargus and 2Faiqa Imtiaz
1Department of Physiology and Biophysics and
Department of Pediatrics, Section of Human Genetics, School of Medicine
University of California, Irvine
2Arabian Diagnostics Laboratory, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre
P.O Box 3354, MBC 98-16, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
Abstract: While evidence points to a multigenic etiology of most autism, the pathophysiology of the disorder has yet to be defined and the underlying genes and biochemical pathways they subserve remain unknown. Autism is considered to be influenced by a combination of various genetic, environmental and immunological factors; more recently, evidence has suggested that increased vulnerability to oxidative stress may be involved in the etiology of this multifactorial disorder.
Furthermore, recent studies have pointed to a subset of autism associated with the biochemical endophenotype of mitochondrial energy deficiency, identified as a subtle impairment in fat and carbohydrate oxidation. This phenotype is similar, but more subtle than those seen in classic mitochondrial defects. In some cases the beginnings of the genetic underpinnings of these mitochondrial defects are emerging, such as mild mitochondrial dysfunction and secondary carnitine deficiency observed in the subset of autistic patients with an inverted duplication of chromosome 15q11-q13. In addition, rare cases of familial autism associated with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) or associated with abnormalities in cellular calcium homeostasis, such as malignant hyperthermia or cardiac arrhythmia, are beginning to emerge. Such special cases suggest that the pathophysiology of autism may comprise pathways that are directly or indirectly involved in mitochondrial energy production and to further probe this connection three new avenues seem worthy of exploration: 1) metabolomic clinical studies provoking controlled aerobic exercise stress to expand the biochemical phenotype, 2) high-throughput expression arrays to directly survey activity of the genes underlying these biochemical pathways and 3) model systems, either based upon neuronal stem cells or model genetic organisms, to discover novel genetic and environmental inputs into these pathways.
Key words: Carnitine, oxidative stress, 15q, SIDS, calcium, valproate, serotonin
...