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Originally posted by seabhac-rua
reply to post by KhufuKeplerTriangle
Can you post a link to where the US government admits on its own website that chemtrails are real please?
SAO/NASA ADS
Physics Abstract
Page Title: Acid Deposition From Stratospheric Geoengineering With Sulfate Aerosols Authors: Kravitz, B.; Robock, A.; Oman, L.; Stenchikov, G. Affiliation: AA(Department of Environmental Science, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States [email protected]), AB(Department of Environmental Science, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States [email protected]), AC(Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States [email protected]), AD(Department of Environmental Science, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States [email protected]) Publication: American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2008, abstract #U43A-0041 Publication Date: 12/2008 Origin: AGU Keywords: 0345 Pollution: urban and regional (0305, 0478, 4251), 1626 Global climate models (3337, 4928), 1699 General or miscellaneous Bibliographic Code: 2008AGUFM.U43A0041K
Abstract
We used a general circulation model of the Earth's climate to conduct geoengineering experiments involving stratospheric injection of sulfur dioxide [Robock et al., 2008] and analyzed the resulting deposition of sulfate. When sulfur is injected into the tropical or Arctic stratosphere, the main additional surface deposition occurs in midlatitude bands, because of strong cross-tropopause flux in the jet stream regions, and there are some larger local increases, specifically in Northern Canada and the Western Pacific Ocean. We used critical load studies to determine the effects of this increase in acid deposition on terrestrial ecosystems. For annual injection of 5 Tg of SO2 into the tropical stratosphere or 3 Tg of SO2 into the Arctic stratosphere, the additional surface sulfate deposition is not enough to negatively impact most ecosystems. Robock, Alan, Luke Oman, and Georgiy Stenchikov (2008), Regional climate responses to geoengineering with tropical and Arctic SO2 injections. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D16101, doi:10.1029/2008JD010050.
"When sulfur is injected into the tropical or Arctic stratosphere, the main additional surface deposition occurs in midlatitude bands, because of strong cross-tropopause flux in the jet stream regions..."
adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFM.U43A0041K
www.springerlink.com...
ALBEDO ENHANCEMENT BY STRATOSPHERIC SULFUR
INJECTIONS: A CONTRIBUTION TO RESOLVE A POLICY
DILEMMA?
An Editorial Essay
READ THIS CAREFULLY:
...Therefore, although by far not the best solution, the usefulness of artificially enhancing earth’s albedo and thereby cooling climate by adding sunlight reflecting aerosol in the stratosphere (Budyko, 1977; NAS, 1992) might again be explored and debated as a way to defuse the Catch-22 situation just presented and additionally counteract the climate forcing of growing CO2 emissions. This can be achieved by burning S2 or H2S, carried into the stratosphere on balloons and by artillery guns to produce SO2.
Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry PAUL J. CRUTZEN
Department of Atmospheric Chemistry
P.O. Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany
E-mail: [email protected]
and
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
University of California, San Diego
9500 Gilman Drive MC 0239-0221
La Jolla, CA 92093-0239, USA
E-mail: crutzen@fiji.ucsd.edu
www.pnas.org/content/105/22/7664.long
Impact of geoengineering schemes on the global hydrological cycle
G. Bala *, P. B. Duffy, and K. E. Taylor
+ Author Affiliations
Atmosphere, Earth, and Energy Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550
Edited by Robert E. Dickinson, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, and approved March 12, 2008 (received for review December 12, 2007)
Because the model used here lacks a dynamic ocean and sea ice model, the transient effects of climate change and its impact on global hydrology are not assessed in this study. It is possible, however, to apply our analysis to a hypothetical transient simulation in which temperature changes that would result from gradual increases in greenhouse gases were successfully mitigated (in terms of global mean temperature) by gradual increases in sulfate aerosol concentrations, for example. Under these conditions the climate might not remain in true equilibrium because some regions might warm whereas others might cool (although the global mean would not change). There could also be exchanges of heat with the oceans. To the extent Eq. 3 holds, as applied to the atmosphere, we would expect to find a gradual decrease in the global mean precipitation rate, consistent with our equilibrium theory.
www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode.cfm?id=could-geoengineering-stop-heat-wave-12-07-16
Could Geoengineering Stop Heat Waves?
Scientists explore whether artificial volcanoes might beat the heat. David Biello reports
When Mount Pinatubo erupted in 1991, the injection of sulfur particles into the atmosphere cooled the planet. Taking inspiration from nature, some scientists have begun studying whether a man-made injection of such sulfate aerosols might stave off the worst of global warming. But could the technology also be used more locally to beat the heat? That's the question explored by three U.C.L.A. scientists in a manuscript submitted to the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. Back in 2006, California endured a heat wave that lasted more than two weeks. The scientists ran a computer model to determine whether putting particles 12-kilometers up could cool the Golden State under such conditions. The answer appears to be yes. Afternoon temperatures declined significantly in conjunction with the amount of particles boosted to the stratosphere. For example, emitting aerosols at rates of 30 micrograms per meter-squared yielded temperature decreases of roughly 7 degrees Celsius during the hottest part of the day. It's unclear how exactly the sulfate aerosols would get to the stratosphere absent a volcanic eruption. There would be effects downwind in the desert Southwest, including potentially even less rain. And the sulfates might eat away at the protective ozone layer.
guardian.co.uk/environment/2012/feb/06/bill-gates-climate-scientists-geoengineering
Bill Gates backs climate scientists lobbying for large-scale geoengineering
Other wealthy individuals have also funded a series of reports into the future use of technologies to geoengineer the climate
A small group of leading climate scientists, financially supported by billionaires including Bill Gates, are lobbying governments and international bodies to back experiments into manipulating the climate on a global scale to avoid catastrophic climate change.
The scientists, who advocate geoengineering methods such as spraying millions of tonnes of reflective particles of sulphur dioxide 30 miles above earth, argue that a "plan B" for climate change will be needed if the UN and politicians cannot agree to making the necessary cuts in greenhouse gases, and say the US government and others should pay for a major programme of international research.
Solar geoengineering techniques are highly controversial...
Originally posted by CaptChaos
Strange how on a conspiracy website, any thread that even mentions chemtrails brings out the naysayers, in force, and immediately. Seems everyone on this well known conspiracy site thinks chemtrails are nonsense.
Methinks thou doth protest too much.
Not saying I believe this stuff one way or another, since here in Mexico I have never seen the type of skies I see pictures of all the time. I was thinking of it yesterday as I watched two jets. I was lolling on the beach, enjoying the 98 percent humidity, which supposedly is what causes the long lasting contrails. Two jets left pronounced contrails. They dissipated after about ten minutes, just like normal.
Originally posted by Zaphod58
reply to post by Char-Lee
There are more contrails to be seen because of the new engines in use. High bypass turbofans tend to leave more contrails because of the way they work, as opposed to the older engines. They also tend to linger longer than they used to because of that.
I used to video some of the Seattle stuff when able, only for a couple months. I also took some pictures. Found one of my old photobuckets. Its name is SEATTLECHEMTRAILWATCH, lol -- barf.
Originally posted by Zaphod58
reply to post by Seektruthalways1
You're right that they're two types of contrails, but both just normal contrails. A contrail can dissipate in a matter of seconds, or it can linger and turn into cloud cover, it just depends on the atmospheric conditions, and the altitude of the aircraft in question.
Originally posted by Aloysius the Gaul
reply to post by Char-Lee
What area has no normal ir traffic?