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Mary Rose
reply to post by Arbitrageur
Can't you do better than that?
You refuse to acknowledge the history of suppression of technology, and your mantra is accusing researchers and innovators of being frauds and cheats.
Myron Evans, one of Tom Bearden's fellow crackpots, has been on the
warpath lately. With strident though totally baseless threats of legal
action, he has succeeded in persuading Yahoo to shut down several Yahoo
discussion groups critical of Bearden's and Evan's bizarre theories
about physics.
One of those censored Yahoo groups, nut_meg, was mine. I set it up to
debunk the so-called "Motionless Electromagnetic Generator" (MEG), a
transformer with a permanent magnet stuck in the middle that was
supposed to "draw free energy from the vacuum" and produce more energy
than it consumed. Claims that it worked were based on ridiculously
flawed measurements. Merely pointing this out was enough to set these
guys off.
Since Yahoo is in business to make money, it has no backbone to stand up
against baseless threats like these. So we'll probably have to move the
discussion to USENET where it will be harder for Evans and his fellow
psychotics to censor.
Phil
Calorie: The energy needed to increase the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1 kelvin. It is equivalent to 1,000 (small) calories.
APPEARS IN THIS RELATED CONCEPT:
Human Metabolism
energy: A quantity that denotes the ability to do work and is measured in a unit dimensioned in mass × distance²/time² (ML²/T²) or the equivalent.
Tom Bearden talks about the history of electrodynamics and what needs improvement:
Mary Rose
Tom Bearden talks about the history of electrodynamics and what needs improvement:
Mary Rose
Tom Bearden talks about the history of electrodynamics and what needs improvement:
Mary Rose
Tom Bearden talks about the history of electrodynamics and what needs improvement:
This is one of the great ironies in the history of science: All the hydrocarbons ever burned, all the steam turbines that ever turned the shaft of a generator, all the rivers ever dammed, all the nuclear fuel rods ever consumed, all the windmills and waterwheels, all the solar cells, and all the chemistry in all the batteries ever produced, have not directly delivered a single watt into the external circuit's load. All that incredible fuel consumption and energy extracted from the environment has only been used to continually restore the source dipole that our own closed current loop circuits are deliberately designed to destroy faster than we restore them.
Most electrodynamicists hold the opinion that extracting usable electrical energy from the vacuum is extraordinarily difficult. In fact it is a very simple thing to do and has always been done by our power systems anyway.
Human Voltage
Negativity is the natural resting state of your cells. It's related to a slight imbalance between potassium and sodium ions inside and outside the cell, and this imbalance sets the stage for your electrical capacity.
Your cell membranes practice a trick often referred to as the sodium-potassium gate. It's a very complex mechanism, but the simple explanation of these gates, and how they generate electrical charges, goes like this:
At rest, your cells have more potassium ions inside than sodium ions, and there are more sodium ions outside the cell. Potassium ions are negative, so the inside of a cell has a slightly negative charge. Sodium ions are positive, so the area immediately outside the cell membrane is positive. There isn't a strong enough charge difference to generate electricity, though, in this resting state.
When the body needs to send a message from one point to another, it opens the gate. When the membrane gate opens, sodium and potassium ions move freely into and out of the cell. Negatively charged potassium ions leave the cell, attracted to the positivity outside the membrane, and positively charged sodium ions enter it, moving toward the negative charge. The result is a switch in the concentrations of the two types of ions -- and rapid switch in charge. It's kind of like switching between a 1 and 0 -- this flip between positive and negative generates an electrical impulse. This impulse triggers the gate on the next cell to open, creating another charge, and so on. In this way, an electrical impulse moves from a nerve in your stubbed toe to the part of your brain that senses pain.
The dynamic vacuum and its emanations are the unintegrated center of 21st Century physics. Psyche and matter interface where nothing becomes something. This light speed intersection where matter turns inside out (Zero Point Energy or ZPE)
Open systems. A closed system is defined when a fixed volume is under study. There can be mass transfers as well as energy transfers across the boundary.
boncho
. . . it says a closed system can be defined when a fixed volume is under study. An open system is the opposite. The first sentence is defining the difference from closed to open . . .
boncho
1. Carnot wasn't mistaken. Heat is converted to work (or vice versa). There is no way you can change this. Heat is calculable, and so is work. You cannot say Carnot was wrong, because there is too much empirical evidence to support it.
Mary Rose
boncho
1. Carnot wasn't mistaken. Heat is converted to work (or vice versa). There is no way you can change this. Heat is calculable, and so is work. You cannot say Carnot was wrong, because there is too much empirical evidence to support it.
Lindemann said that Carnot believed: Heat itself is converted to work; therefore, all "working mediums" behave with the same efficiency.
He posted temperature-pressure charts for some industrial refrigerants. The charts illustrated the fact that pressure change in relation to the temperature range is different; that is, each compound is shown to be behaving differently. They don't all produce the same pressure increase as the temperature rises.
He said that this is common knowledge among HVAC technicians but that physicists seem to be ignoring this obvious fact.
*
Enthalpy versus internal energy[edit]
The U term can be interpreted as the energy required to create the system, and the pV term as the energy that would be required to "make room" for the system if the pressure of the environment remained constant. When a system, for example, n moles of a gas of volume V at pressure p and temperature T, is created or brought to its present state from absolute zero, energy must be supplied equal to its internal energy U plus pV, where pV is the work done in pushing against the ambient (atmospheric) pressure.
My consulting fee for a technology briefing is $250 per hour. Open System Thermodynamics is over an hour and a half, so $375 would be my fee for this much time. With a price this high, only a small handful of people could afford it. Instead, I need thousands of people to be empowered with this information to really make a difference, so I'm making this available for a nominal $17.
First, you'll learn the REAL history of the development of Thermodynamics, and where the errors are in these "Laws."
Next, I'll show you how heat, electricity, and mechanical energy can be conserved during their passage through a machine, and even recovered and used again to improve it's performance.
I'll show you how these are "general principles" that can be applied to increase the energy efficiency of any system or machine, from water distillers, to electric motors, to Stirling Engines.
Finally, I'll show you the complete method to accomplish Tesla's "ambient temperature heat engine", which has never been shown anywhere in public before!
Mary Rose
Open systems. A closed system is defined when a fixed volume is under study. There can be mass transfers as well as energy transfers across the boundary.
boncho
. . . it says a closed system can be defined when a fixed volume is under study. An open system is the opposite. The first sentence is defining the difference from closed to open . . .
So, you’re saying an open system is not defined by a fixed volume under study?
**
An open system is often called a control volume and its boundary and most specifically the boundary under scrutiny is called the control surface. Mass may flow across a control surface. A cylinder piston in motion may be a control surface.
In thermodynamics a system is a 3D region in space under study. A system can be an isolated, adiabetic, closed system or an open system and it is surrounded by a defined boundary.. The outside of the boundary is called the surroundings
For isolated system matter and energy do not cross the boundary..it is not influenced in any way by the part of space which is external to the system boundaries.
For adiabetic systems matter and heat do not cross the boundary..(energy in the form of work can cross the boundary)
...
For a closed system a fixed amount of matter which is enclosed by a boundary. Only heat and work can be transferred across the boundary.
For an open system matter, heat and work flow across the boundary.
A simple system is a system that does not contain any internal adiabatic, rigid and impermeable boundaries and is not acted upon by external forces.
A composite System is a system that is composed of two or more simple systems.
boncho
Heat is converted to work (or vice versa). There is no way you can change this. Heat is calculable, and so is work.
Mary Rose
boncho
Heat is converted to work (or vice versa). There is no way you can change this. Heat is calculable, and so is work.
But is heat calculable and work calculable taking the fact that all "working mediums" don’t behave with the same efficiency into consideration, or not?
Am I making any sense?
Suppose a system starts from an initial state described by a pressure pi, a volume Vi, and a temperature Ti. The final state of the system is described by a pressure pf, a volume Vf, and a temperature Tf. The transformation from the initial state to the final state can be achieved in a variety of ways (see for example Figure 17.2). In Figure 17.2a both pressure and volume change simultaneously. In Figure 17.2b the pressure of the system is first lowered while keeping the volume constant (this can for example be achieved by cooling the sample) and subsequently, the volume is increased while keeping the pressure constant (this can be achieved by heating the gas while increasing the volume).
If the pressure of a gas increases it can move a piston (this happens in an engine). In this case, work is done by the system as the expanding gas lifts the piston. On the other hand, if we increase the weight of the piston, work will be done on the system as the piston falls. The force exerted by the gas on the piston is equal to p A, where A is the area of the piston and p is the gas pressure. If the piston is displaced by a distance ds, the amount of work done can be calculated as follows:
But is heat calculable and work calculable taking the fact that all "working mediums" don’t behave with the same efficiency into consideration, or not?
*
Let's see what we are up against. The Carnot engine operating betwen reservoirs at 311 K and 811 K has an efficiency of 62%. (Check this result.) A steam turbine operating between these same temperatures has an efficiency of 40%. Gasoline engines operate betwen the ambient air temperature and the temperature of the gasoline burning in the cylinder, say between 289 K and 1944 K. The Carnot efficency for these temperatures is 85%. But current gasoline engines achieve only about 30% efficiency, so the engineers have a long way to go. Even a perfect gasoline burning engine of this sort would still waste 15% of the fuel energy used, but we are presently wasting more than 2/3 of the energy of the fuel consumed. And that doesn't count the inefficiency of the vehicle itself, the energy lost to roadway friction and air drag.
boncho
You address some of the most basic principles, and entangle them with complex principles or gobbledygook you heard from watching Lindemann's $17 DVD (valued at $350?)