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The wood deck moves up and down, like a slow-motion sleigh. "You leave for work and when you come home, it can be 7 inches higher," says Richard, 36, a married bookkeeper and mom of three children.
The nation's last frontier is — in many ways — its ground zero for climate change. Alaska's temperatures are rising twice as fast as those in the lower 48, prompting more sea ice to disappear in summer. While this may eventually open the Northwest Passage to sought-after tourism, oil exploration and trade, it also spells trouble as wildfires increase, roads buckle and tribal villages sink into the sea.
USA TODAY traveled to the Fairbanks area, where workers were busy insulating thaw-damaged roads this summer amid a record number of 80-degree (or hotter) days, as the eighth stop in a year-long series to explore how climate change is changing lives.
Telltale signs are common — from huge potholes in parking lots to collapsed hill slopes and leaning trees in what are called "drunken forests" in Denali National Park, home of the majestic Mount McKinley — North America's tallest peak.
"You can see and hear the ice melting," says Ted Schuur, a permafrost expert at the University of Florida who's doing field studies in central Alaska. He says permafrost contains soil and plant matter as well as chunks of ice as big as cars. When the ice melts, the ground sinks. He's seen it with his own cabin near Fairbanks, which was listing until he leveled one side with adjustable foundation piers.
The perils of permafrost have long been known. Back in the early 1970s, government scientists insisted that parts of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline be built above ground with refrigerated supports.The pipeline's oil is hot and, if buried underground in permafrost, could help thaw the top layer and cause potential spills.
Many Alaskans are skeptical about the climate link. "Permafrost has been thawing since the last Ice Age," says Jeff Curley, an engineer for the Alaska Department of Transportation, saying its amount depends on naturally-occurring variability. He notes the state's temperatures have fluctuated every 30 or so years.
Climate change already impacts the habitability of many Alaskan communities. The US Government Accountability Office found that flooding and erosion affect 184 of 213 of Alaska Native villages (12), with 31 of these imminently threatened, and 12 communities planning to relocate (10). [Throughout this article the term “village” refers to an Alaska Native community: (i) deemed eligible as a Native village under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act; and (ii) which has a corresponding Alaska Native entity that is recognized and eligible to receive services from the Department of the Interior’s Bureau of Indian Affairs (10). The term “community” is used more broadly to describe Alaska Native villages as well as other population aggregations defined by geographic proximity.] Despite state and federal expenditure of millions of dollars, erosion control and flood protection have not been able to protect some communities. The inability of technology to protect people who reside in vulnerable risk-prone coastal and riverine communities could affect millions of people globally. The 2012 devastation caused by Hurricane Sandy exemplifies these risks. The state governments of New York and New Jersey are now evaluating whether rebuilding coastal communities is possible and whether erosion and flood control infrastructure can protect these communities in the future (13).
One homesteader in the Fairbanks area found permafrost beginning 35 feet down. His neighbor a few miles away had to drill his well through 90 feet of permafrost. When the neighbor later sold his home and rebuilt 500 feet away, he encountered no permafrost whatsoever!
The good news is that if the surface insulation can be removed or cleared away, the permafrost can then melt down to a level which will permit good natural drainage and which will cause no problems to, for example, gardeners. Of course, this may take a couple of years, but the result could be excellent garden soil. Much of the Agricultural Experiment Station land in Fairbanks is underlain by permafrost which by the early 1980's had melted down to 16 feet and which has caused no trouble for many years.
Kali74
Climate change already impacts the habitability of many Alaskan communities. The US Government Accountability Office found that flooding and erosion affect 184 of 213 of Alaska Native villages (12), with 31 of these imminently threatened, and 12 communities planning to relocate (10).
MystikMushroom
That's not the "North Pole" -- it's a little town called North Pole.
MystikMushroom
reply to post by burdman30ott6
That's not the "North Pole" -- it's a little town called North Pole. It's outside of Fairbanks and they have a fake Santa house with reindeer you can pet.
Climate change? We all laugh because it's been colder and dryer the past few winters. The summers have been cooler and wetter too. Typical convo last summer (2012):
"I wish we could have ONE week of sun!"
"I know, global warming my #!"
burdman30ott6
THEY USED TO BE NOMADIC PEOPLE!!!!
juneauempire.com...
In the 1940s most of the villages were sod houses that, for generations, were torn down and moved away from river and shore erosion because they were located at river deltas where salmon and caribou were plentiful! My God, the Tlingit people's name means "People of the Tides". This is not global warming, it's an example of how the westernized view of "You must live in a permanent dwelling so we can educate your children" destroyed their previous ways of life and is now used as a pawn in a giant ponzi scheme spearheaded by Al Gore's band of imbeciles.
Kali74
Climate change already impacts the habitability of many Alaskan communities. The US Government Accountability Office found that flooding and erosion affect 184 of 213 of Alaska Native villages (12), with 31 of these imminently threatened, and 12 communities planning to relocate (10).
JayinAR
Unfortunately they also have a hand in our sciences. It will be unfortunate if we come to distrust all of science as well.
The scientists of this world need to stop bowing down to the government tit.
Same for the journalists.
Journalists actually make me sick to my stomach.
burdman30ott6
MystikMushroom
That's not the "North Pole" -- it's a little town called North Pole.
Yeah, it's the location called out in the OP's source. It's also about a 6 hour drive away from me.
MystikMushroom
Wouldn't you say that besides this most recent summer, the summers have been cold, rainy and wet?
JayinAR
Blah blah.
The arctic ice sheets have grown 60% this year.
Time to pull out "acidification" as the new boogey man tax grab.
Kali74
reply to post by VoidHawk
I agree with you about carbon taxes and I like the solutions you propose. I have to say though that just because a solution is unfavorable that doesn't make the problem fictitious.